Accidents The increase in the number of cars has led to the emergence of accidents. An accident is an event that occurs while driving on the road. vehicle and with his participation, in which people were killed or injured, vehicles, structures, cargo were damaged, or other material damage was caused.

A culture of safe behavior A culture of safe behavior on the roads includes such components as: learning the Rules traffic; education in oneself the need to comply with the Rules of the road; the ability to assess the situation on the roads; have the ability to avoid dangerous situations on the roads; ability to act appropriately in a traffic situation.

Traffic regulation To ensure safety on the streets and roads, traffic regulation is carried out - the flow of traffic and pedestrians is controlled. Traffic is regulated by: 1. road markings 2. road signs 3. traffic lights 4. traffic controllers

Road signs Road signs serve to regulate traffic, to convey to its participants the necessary information about various traffic situations. They are divided into 8 groups: 1. Warning 2. Priority 3. Forbidding 4. Prescriptive 5. Special prescriptions 6. Informational 7. Service 8. Additional information

Traffic light Green signal allows traffic Yellow signal prohibits traffic and warns of a signal change Red signal prohibits traffic Pedestrian traffic light has a signal with a red light of a standing pedestrian and a green light of a walking pedestrian

Responsibilities of a Passenger Upon entering the cabin, look around, choose a comfortable seat, and see where emergency and emergency exits are located. If there are no empty seats, stand in the center of the aisle, holding on to the handrail or special pendants. Do not stand at the entrance, do not lean against the door, it may accidentally open. Don't make noise, don't make a fuss, don't talk loudly, don't eat ice cream, don't lean out of the windows, don't distract the driver. If you have a backpack on your shoulders, take it off and hold it in your hands.

Signs allowing the movement of a cyclist: "Bicycle path" Movement is allowed only on bicycles and mopeds. Pedestrians can also move along the cycle path (in the absence of a sidewalk or footpath). Signs prohibiting the movement of a cyclist: "Movement on bicycles is prohibited" The movement of bicycles and mopeds is prohibited "Movement is prohibited" The movement of all vehicles is prohibited

According to statistics, every tenth road accident in the country involves children. The most common causes of accidents are:

Violation of the rules for crossing the carriageway;

Disobedience to traffic lights;

Unexpected exit due to vehicle, trees;

Game on the roadway;

Poor bike control.

Rules of conduct on the road in various situations:

You should play where there is no traffic: on playgrounds, in parks, in yards, at stadiums in squares, on lawns, in yards;

Avoid playing near the road;

Scooters, roller skates, skates should be ridden where there is no traffic;

Children under the age of 14 are not allowed to ride a bicycle on the roadway;

In the courtyards of houses, games should be avoided where transport is possible;

It is possible to enter and exit the transport only after the vehicle has come to a complete stop.

Pedestrians must move along sidewalks or footpaths, and in their absence, along roadsides.

When driving along the edge of the carriageway, pedestrians must walk towards the movement of vehicles.

Groups of children are allowed to drive only on sidewalks and footpaths, and in their absence - on roadsides, but only during daylight hours and only when accompanied by adults.

Pedestrians must cross the carriageway at pedestrian crossings, including underground and elevated ones, and in their absence - at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides.

If there is no crossing or intersection in the visibility zone, it is allowed to cross the road at a right angle to the edge of the carriageway in areas without a dividing strip and fences where it is clearly visible in both directions.

In places where traffic is regulated, pedestrians must be guided by the signals of the traffic controller or a pedestrian traffic light, and in its absence, a transport traffic light.

Having entered the carriageway, pedestrians should not linger or stop if this is not related to ensuring traffic safety. Pedestrians who do not have time to complete the transition must stop on the line separating the traffic flows of opposite directions. You can continue the transition only after making sure that the further movement is safe and taking into account the traffic light signal (traffic controller).

When approaching vehicles with a blue flashing beacon and a special sound signal turned on, pedestrians must refrain from crossing the carriageway, and those on it must give way to these vehicles and immediately clear the carriageway.

When crossing the road, you should follow the rules: you need to stop at the edge of the road, look to the left, then to the right to find out if traffic is approaching from the other side, when crossing the road, look to the sides and observe what is happening on the right and left

When crossing the road, you must follow the traffic lights.

Cyclist safety rules:

Even if there are no cars nearby, you should not drive into the middle of the road for no reason.

It must be remembered that parked cars are very dangerous for cyclists. The driver of the car, when reversing, does not see the passing vehicles well. You should slow down, do not approach the bumpers, watch the reversing lights;

Cyclists are prohibited from:

Drive without holding on to the steering wheel with at least one hand;

Move along the road if there is a nearby bike path;

Carry passengers, except for children under 7 years old, on an additional seat equipped with special footrests;

Transport cargo that interferes with control or protrudes more than 0.5 m in length or width;

Turn left or turn around on roads with tram traffic and on roads with more than one lane for traffic in a given direction.

Source: www.78.mchs.gov.ru

23.03.2014 9:47

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Topic.2 Dangerous situations of man-caused nature 2.1. Road traffic, safety of road users

Cars are the most common mode of transport in our time, and their number is constantly growing. More than 30,000 people die and more than 180,000 people are injured in road accidents in Russia every year. The main reasons for this are often non-compliance with traffic rules.

In 1730, a new decree was issued, which stated: “For cab drivers and other people of all ranks, ride with horses bridled, with all fear and caution, quietly.” In 1742, another decree appeared: “If they continue to ride so unruly and beat people with whips, and crush with horses, and cripple with carriages, so catch and, as a result of their guilt, mercilessly flog with whips or send them to death.”

A road is a strip of land or a surface of an artificial structure (bridge) that is equipped or adapted and used for the movement of vehicles.

To ensure safety on the streets and roads, traffic regulation is carried out - the flow of traffic and pedestrians is controlled. Road traffic is regulated by: road markings, road signs, traffic lights and traffic controllers. Road markings are lines, arrows, inscriptions and other designations that are applied to various elements of the road.

There are the following groups of road signs: - warning; - priority; - forbidding; - prescriptive; - information and indication; - service; - additional information(plates).

Railway crossing with barrier

Road Works Warning

Children! Warning

Forbidding Information

Warning Prohibition Service Signs

No entry

Cycling is prohibited

No Pedestrians

Bus stop

Crosswalk

Warning Prohibition Information

A pedestrian crossing regulated by a traffic light is indicated by white lines drawn along the carriageway ("zebra"). Pedestrian crossings are marked with solid lines along the carriageway along the entire length of the crossing (“zebras”). These lines indicate a pedestrian crossing that is not regulated by traffic lights.

Two groups of traffic lights are used to regulate traffic: transport and pedestrian. A traffic light can be three-section, with a vertical arrangement of signals from top to bottom: red, yellow, green. Pedestrian traffic lights are two-section, having two vertically located signals with the image of a standing pedestrian on them in red

In some cases, traffic on the roads can be regulated by a traffic controller. He can give signals with his hands, the position of the body, with the help of a rod or flags.

The main signals given by the traffic controller. - Arms extended to the sides or lowered - pedestrians are allowed to cross the carriageway from the right and left sides of the traffic controller. - The right hand is extended forward - pedestrians are allowed to cross the roadway behind the back of the traffic controller. - The hand is raised up - movement is prohibited. If at the intersection where the traffic light works, you see the traffic controller, then it is necessary to obey his signals.

You have learned that: - Every year in Russia more than 30,000 people die and more than 180,000 people are injured in road accidents (RTA). - The main cause of accidents is non-compliance with traffic rules. - The first rules of the road in Russia appeared under Peter I. - The road includes one or more carriageways, tram tracks, sidewalks, roadsides and dividing lanes. - Traffic is regulated by: road markings, road signs, traffic lights and traffic controllers. - There are more than 200 road signs (7 groups). - To regulate traffic, two groups of traffic lights are used: transport and pedestrian.

Road safety- a huge set of measures to ensure the safety of all road users. And you and I, without exception, are directly related to the category of “road user”, as drivers of vehicles, as passengers of vehicles and, finally, as pedestrians.

Legislation treats road safety as the degree of protection of participants from an accident(traffic accidents) and their consequences. traffic accident is classified as an event that occurred during the process of moving on the road of any vehicle, or with its participation, during which there was a death or injury to people, damage to vehicles, structures, or any material damage to property.

Road safety measures

The Fundamentals of Road Safety provide for various activities to ensure road safety. According to the degree of impact on traffic safety, and the prevention of accidents, these measures are divided into active and passive.

Active traffic safety measures:

• Competent, taking into account all the features, design and location of all, without exception, objects of the road network.
• Study and timely prevention of the impact of road construction on the likelihood of an accident.
• Continuous improvement of the organization, both the traffic itself and the Rules of the Road, as the main regulatory document.
• Constant monitoring of compliance with the rules of the road by all its participants.
• Constant monitoring of the technical condition of vehicles (TO) and equipment that is responsible for organizing traffic (traffic signs, traffic lights, etc.)

Passive road safety measures:

• Improving vehicle safety equipment: structurally - strengthening the rigidity of the body, equipping the salons with active-passive safety equipment - belts, airbags, etc.
• Design and improvement of devices in the road system for the safety of pedestrians.

Traffic Laws- this is the main document that describes in the most detailed way the conditions for safe traffic for all its participants, and regulates every action that takes place on the road. Therefore, compliance with the Rules of the Road in 90% guarantees road safety. 10% is allocated to force majeure circumstances: sudden illness or natural disasters.

Control of compliance with traffic rules is assigned to the Department of Road Safety. But no control will help, unless you yourself are interested in your own safety, and the safety of the people around you.

Pedestrian safety

Every day we are participants in the road, acting as a pedestrian, passenger or driver. Being a pedestrian is a big responsibility. Road safety depends on both pedestrians and drivers. And there are risks on both sides. Because quite often it is pedestrians who cross the street at a red light or in the wrong place in an accident. Some even tritely forget that if you cross the road, you need to look around, because a car may suddenly appear from behind a turn. And then it will be too late to look in her direction.

Therefore, both drivers and pedestrians need to follow the basic rules under which the risk of traffic accidents will decrease:

• pedestrians must move along sidewalks or footpaths, and in their absence, along roadsides;
• when driving along roadsides or the edge of the carriageway at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, it is recommended that pedestrians carry objects with retroreflective elements and ensure the visibility of these objects by vehicle drivers;
• pedestrians must cross the carriageway at pedestrian crossings, and in their absence - at intersections along the line of sidewalks or roadsides;
• at unregulated pedestrian crossings, pedestrians can enter the carriageway after they estimate the distance to approaching vehicles, their speed and make sure that the crossing will be safe for them.

We are taught the rules of the road from childhood., and when we grow up, we immediately forget all the basics. And the main rule, perhaps, is to inspect the road before moving onto it. opposite side. No matter how trite this rule is, but if all pedestrians followed it, there would be fewer traffic accidents. Also, you can not cross the street in the wrong place, even if you are in a hurry.

With unfavorable weather conditions Pedestrians need to be extremely careful! If it is raining or foggy outside, the driver's visibility deteriorates several times. In such conditions, it is difficult for the driver to drive. The distance required to stop the vehicle on a rain-soaked road increases. Therefore, only after making sure that it is completely safe, start the transition. Remember, the car cannot stop instantly!

A separate rule for pedestrians, as well as for drivers, is the behavior on the road during ice. If possible, it is advisable to move only along sections of the road covered with sand or on snow. When crossing the road, you need to be extremely careful and only go to the green light. Because if a car suddenly appears nearby, it is very risky to cross the road covered with an ice crust.

Compliance with these simple rules will help reduce the likelihood of accidents on the roads. Remember, your safety and the safety of those around you depend on your discipline on the road!

For the State Traffic Inspectorate, work to prevent accidents involving pedestrians is one of the priority areas activities, because every third road traffic accident in which people were injured or killed occurs with the participation of pedestrians.

Pedestrians is one of the most vulnerable categories of road users. Compared to drivers, they are not physically protected, and traffic accidents with their participation often become a tragedy - as a rule, a pedestrian receives serious injuries, including those incompatible with life. Often, due to ignorance of the Rules of the Road or neglect of them, the pedestrian himself becomes the culprit of the accident.

Being a pedestrian is a big responsibility.. Road traffic is a complex process, but its safety depends on the actions of each person, and therefore on you. You must strictly follow the rules of the road. It is especially important to be able to behave on the street, cross the road and know the rules for pedestrians.

Road safety rules:

1. You should only walk on the sidewalk, pedestrian or bicycle path, and if not, on the side of the road (along the edge of the carriageway) must be TOGETHER with the movement of vehicles.
2. Where there is a traffic light, the road must be crossed only when the traffic light is green.
3. In places where there are no traffic lights, it is safe to cross the road through an underground or elevated pedestrian crossing, and in their absence, through a pedestrian ("zebra").
4. If there is no pedestrian crossing, you must go to the nearest intersection. If there is neither a pedestrian crossing nor an intersection nearby, cross the road using the shortest path. And only where the road is without barriers and is clearly visible in both directions, looking carefully to the left and right.
5. Start crossing the road only after you make sure that all the cars have stopped and let you pass.
6. Do not stop monitoring the situation on the road during the transition.
7. You can't climb over the fences.
8. If the road is wide and you didn't have time to cross, you can wait on the "safety island".
9. It is dangerous to play games on the road and on the sidewalk. It is strictly forbidden to run out onto the roadway because of trees, cars and other objects that prevent the driver from seeing you on time.
10. When driving along the edge of the carriageway at night, identify yourself with a retroreflective element (elements).
11. Do not linger or stop on the carriageway, including on the line of horizontal road markings separating oncoming and passing traffic, with the exception of stopping on safety islands.
12. When approaching a vehicle with blue or blue and red beacons turned on, a pedestrian is prohibited from crossing the carriageway, and a pedestrian who is on the carriageway must leave it, observing safety measures.
13. If you have just got off the bus and you need to cross to the other side, then the best option is to wait for the transport to leave the stop. Another option is to go to the established crossing point - a pedestrian crossing marked with a road sign or markings, or go to the place where the traffic light is installed and only here it is safe to cross the road.
14. Even on roads where vehicles rarely pass, in the courtyards of houses, you must always be careful and not forget about your safety. Do not cross the road without looking around, because cars can unexpectedly leave the alley.
15. When waiting for transport, stand only on boarding areas, on the sidewalk, or on the side of the road.

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia and the site http://akit.ab.ru/student/dorozhnaya-bezopasnost.php

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION POLYTECH

Department of Philosophy

ABSTRACT

in the discipline "Business Ethics"

on the topic of: "Respect for the individual in the communication of people with each other."

Completed:

Checked:

Introduction

1. Self respect

2. Respect

3. Business communication

4. The need for respect for the individual in communication

Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

Business communication is a necessary part human life, the most important type of relationship with other people. Eternal and one of the main regulators of these relations are ethical norms, which express our ideas about good and evil, justice and injustice, the rightness and wrongness of people's actions. And communicating in business cooperation with their subordinates, boss or colleagues, each one in one way or another, consciously or spontaneously, relies on these ideas. But depending on how a person understands moral norms. What content he puts into them, to what extent he takes them into account in communication, he can both facilitate business communication, make it more effective, help in solving tasks and achieve goals, and make this communication difficult or even make it impossible.

To provide high level communication, the leader must be able to use communication technologies based on psychological knowledge. So, it must be taken into account that in the process of communication between partners, colleagues, tension and even a conflict situation may arise, for example, due to disrespect for self-esteem. Or, also, inept use of the word can lead to significant information losses, and consequently, to failures in the performance of official duties.

1. SELF-RESPECT

Respect for others gives reason

For self respect.

Rene Descartes.

A person respects himself for worthy deeds done for people and the common good, and also for the fact that he has dignity, if, of course, it is such. Dignity contains modesty, which is an unconditional part of it. Modesty is the realization of one's equality with all people, regardless of any differences.

If pride is considered just self-respect, then it makes sense, but pride is something more, that is, the measure is lost and the brain may consider that the mind can also be proud. And this is not so. You just need to have the mind and not lose it, then it will remain ideal thinking and an absolute category. Reason is not a part of dignity, it is just a way of thinking that would suit any person. If suddenly someone starts to be proud that he has a mind, he will immediately go back to logic by this act. Because it may seem logical that a person with ideal thinking deserves the recognition of society, but we agree that this is yes - logical, but not reasonable. In general, a person needs pride in order to be recognized by other people, that is, if we expect recognition from someone, then we are not sure of ourselves. Are we looking for support and support in other people's eyes? Then what is the ideal mindset? When the brain knows the truth, it does not need anyone's support and recognition. The same can be said about the memory of future generations. People erect monuments to their heroes and great minds in their cities, but new generations come and glorify their prophets, they destroy what was created earlier.

If we are going to discuss the pride of a person in the context of communication with other people, then we need to analyze the situation. Parents tell their son who to communicate with. They believe that he should choose the people with whom to go through life, and not hang out with just anyone. In their words, we see arrogance, a prejudiced attitude towards people, which is the basis of their stereotype. They justify their demands by the fact that their son must have pride, that is, respect himself and therefore look for people worthy of himself. Here they mixed up all the concepts, so their son can grow up to be an egoist. Personality is the one who leads all people. How will we help people if we avoid communicating with them. If someone is mistaken and loses dignity, the task of the individual is to find ways of persuasion in order to direct this person to the path of truth.

Another thing is that parents are afraid that their son himself may stray from true path, it will already be a lack of their upbringing. And there is nothing to be proud of here. The same can be said about the pride of a girl who considers it beneath her dignity to talk to another person, on the grounds that he behaves unworthily. If he behaves unworthily, you need to have a sharp mind and be resourceful, which means, without judging a person, point to his egoistic qualities and intentions and call to reason. It is necessary to awaken in each person the light that he hides behind the veil of rudeness and cynicism, and not to harden his character and mind.

We have indicated the concept of self-esteem here, because if a person has a mind, then he is able to understand and evaluate himself and his actions. self-respect should appear when a person achieves results in the context of his activity. If there are no results, then there is nothing to respect yourself for, just as there is no reason to expect respect from other people. Arrogance, pride and arrogance precisely appear after a person is powerless to do anything reasonable. Feelings of dissatisfaction and irritation towards other people who supposedly do not understand you will become the basis of our arrogance. And then we will only be proud of our exclusivity and despise the whole world, rolling into the abyss, indifferently seeing it off with our arrogant gaze. A person still does not know what he can respect himself for, because he also confuses the concepts of respect - fear and respect - sympathy.

If entrepreneurs decide to respect each other for beautiful trousers and a luxurious car, then who should a policeman respect from their point of view? Those people who, for beautiful trousers, are ready not only to destroy all entrepreneurs, but in general, everyone who comes to hand. Scientists decided to be proud of their diplomas. Now let them take it and find out which of the diplomas really reflects the mind, and which one reflects the wallet of the parents of applicants for places in science and the venality of their colleagues.

A person's self-respect is the reasonableness of his actions and aspirations, which establish him in society as a person. But it is impossible to teach another person to respect himself without teaching him to respect other people. Here we say that self-respect is a category of consciousness, and pride of feelings that require showing everyone their merits and successes. If the successes really deserve to be seen by all, then they will be seen immediately, and they will cause envy. Therefore, a reasonable, self-respecting person calmly shows others how to achieve mutual understanding and harmony among all peoples, he brings knowledge to other people.

2. RESPECT

Who are easily inclined to lose

Respect for others, the one before

does not respect himself at all.

F.M. Dostoevsky.

What is respect? What is its meaning, and does the respect that we have for other people make sense? Before we considered the concept of self-respect as recognition of one's personality, now we are talking about what it means to recognize the identity of another person. Before defining these concepts, let's turn to the basics of thinking, that is, the operations of the brain.

The main operations of thinking are comparison, analysis, synthesis, opposition, concretization and abstraction. Why these particular operations? They are natural for the brain of any living organism to make a choice. The basis of choice is the operations of concretization and opposition. In order to make any choice, we need an analysis of what we choose from. That is, here the brain considers the conditions of the proposed environment. The fact that we behave differently is the work of consciousness formed in different conditions. Thus, we also adapt to each other and adapt our consciousness to changing conditions, according to the benefit for the body.

Now let's move on to the concept of respect. Most likely, the concept of respect first appeared from the concept of fear. People were afraid of the stronger and were forced to recognize and submit to its strength and power. But to justify their cowardice came up with respect. But respect, like self-respect, is the recognition of high moral qualities, such as honor, dignity and recognition in a person of a person equal to oneself. Thus, respect is the recognition of the equality of all people on earth. When we say equality, we are talking about the unity of the minds of different people.

Today we seek equality before the law or try to bring the conditions of each person closer to fair, that is, more or less equal, but all these actions are only justifications for the illusion of justice that we have. In logic, neither equality nor justice can be achieved. First, we are born into different time, therefore, those who were born earlier manage to arrange their lives with greater benefits. As soon as a person reaches a more advantageous position, he immediately begins to protect his niche in all possible ways, in particular, sympathy for someone who, for some reason, is in a less advantageous position. And this sympathy is passed off as respect. Here respect is a kind of protection against irritation of those who are in less favorable conditions. But we humans are confused by logic. Indeed, because of it, we adapt to the existing reality, but do not even think about the reality that awaits us tomorrow. Therefore, our laws are automatically unfair, since they protect the interests of only a certain circle of citizens, especially those who invent these laws, that is, the previous generation of egoists. Such laws cannot be accepted as legal and reasonable, they are completely unjust and cannot be considered laws at all, either from a reasonable point of view or from a logical one. Our laws do not respect or even sympathize with people, so to observe them and swear allegiance to them and respect them is madness and ignorance.

Let's take the example of doctors. They treat our children and save our parents from death. We must respect the people of this profession, and we do it. But what is our respect? We do not make their lives worthy. We doomed them to an unworthy existence, which means that we do not recognize them as equals, say, to an entrepreneur, but we are forced to sympathize with them and at the same time recognize them as individuals worthy of respect. What is the difference between empathy and respect? This is about understanding the other person. We do not understand why doctors continue to do their job, their actions are practically disinterested in the current conditions, they are like a miracle for us, and the fear of illness and death forces us to respect doctors. There is already a pair of respect - fear. We can also admire the skill of the same doctors at the same time, but in this case we need to consider the associated concepts of respect - pride.

Let's take another situation. Let's see if anyone respects a soldier who gives his life to defend our country. Perhaps there is some moment of respect in the form of hypocrisy during the holiday, when the soldiers dress up and sound everywhere in their honor good words, which, by the way, the soldiers do not need, but politicians need more to distract and entertain people.

The concept of "understanding" is the basis of our respect and empathy. But to understand another person means to know why he is the way he is, why he is not the same as you. And here you just need to understand a little logical thinking. In the logic of a person, conditions are made, therefore, what were the conditions, such a person became. And to reproach or sympathize with him means to continue to be a sensual person, or an egoist. You need to learn to respect other people, which means acting for them. Respect is understanding in action.

In order for us to be able to respect honor, dignity and personality in another person, it is necessary that these phenomena become his main qualities. That is, a person can be respected for something. And for this it is necessary to educate a person precisely as a person, and not as an egoist. Egoists cannot respect anyone, because they think only about themselves, recognize only themselves and, accordingly, show respect only in relation to themselves. The basis of respect for other people is fear, self-interest, sympathy and even indifference.

Raising children, we must teach them to treat all people on earth equally, and recognize everyone as equal to themselves. Feelings of sympathy, similarities of character or common interests, which are the basis of respect among children, must be defined in the child's head as not the most important. Otherwise, a distorted view of people will form a distorted stereotype and narrowness of thinking. It is best that the child has a lot of acquaintances and friends, so he will quickly learn to understand people. Adults definitely need to discuss their child's relationship with other children and direct his thoughts and actions in a reasonable direction. Attachment to a limited circle of friends will only give a limited choice of activities and hobbies. In the education system, children are always assigned to a certain group, so they become attached to one people and experience discomfort and doubt when they are in unfamiliar company. This generates sympathy and respect in the form of pride for some, and antipathy and respect in the form of sympathy or fear towards others.

Respect appears only in the process of communication and joint activities. Each person seeks to be respected in the environment where he lives and the feelings that people of another circle have for him are not important to him. The criminal is respected in his circle, which he respects, and then he is indifferent to the opinion of someone else. Belonging to a certain group of people forms a narrow consciousness and a distorted stereotype.

Man must reckon himself first of all with the whole human race. We must respect both in ourselves and in people what is the highest achievement of development - personality and reason. To respect means to cherish and preserve, passing on its meaning from generation to generation. Finally, take the context of international politics. The capitalist states of the whole world, which opposed socialism, apparently out of a sense of respect for us, for the Russians, claimed that their goods and products were much better than ours. They argued that we Russians also deserve to drive good cars and drink quality wine. If it was about respect, then they could simply teach us to produce quality goods, but there was pure self-interest here, seizing economic space and flooding the country with their supposedly quality goods. Now, thanks to them, we have a collapsed economy and crowds of unemployed people who are ready to work, but do not have the opportunity, because all the niches are occupied by foreign goods. And voices are heard from everywhere, sympathizing with us really sincerely, and seeking to help out of respect, with their loans at favorable interest rates. And when our leaders visit Western countries wondering at the degree of development of that civilization, thoughts rarely come into their brains that they got such a development, including at our expense.

3. BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

Communication is a process of interaction between people, a relationship. The parties to such a relationship are people, subjects of communication. At the heart of communication is, first of all, their relationship to each other.

Business communication is understood as communication that ensures the success of a common cause, creates conditions for people to cooperate in order to achieve goals that are significant to them. Business communication contributes to the establishment and development of relations of cooperation and partnership between colleagues, managers and subordinates, partners, rivals and competitors. It involves such ways of achieving common goals that not only do not exclude, but, on the contrary, also imply the achievement of personally significant goals, the satisfaction of personal interests. And we are talking about the interests of individuals and legal entities.

Personal knowledge allows you to determine how effective a business relationship with a particular person can be.

The ethics of business communication is based on such rules and norms of behavior of partners that ultimately contribute to the development of cooperation, i.e. strengthen essential basis business relations. The meaning of these rules and norms is to strengthen mutual trust, constantly inform the partner about their intentions and actions, exclude deception and disorientation of the partner. The practice of business communication has developed many codes of honor for entrepreneurs, professional codes for bankers, and so on.

Understanding the processes of information transfer, the patterns that exist in these processes, the development of skills for effective interaction with people are necessary for a manager of any level. Today, an experienced leader spends most of his time not on solving financial, technical or organizational problems, but on solving psychological problems that arise in the process of communicating with subordinates, colleagues and superiors. Knowledge and skills in the field of communication are necessary not only for managers, but also for any of us, because through communication a person organizes and optimizes his production, scientific, commercial, educational and any other activity. Communication allows you to solve not only the issues of the organization, but also the problems of its employees.

4. NEED FOR RESPECT FOR THE INDIVIDUAL IN COMMUNICATION

All people in modern society have a need for a stable, justified and sufficient high self-esteem. She always relies on recognition and respect from others. A person feels comfortable only in the social environment that supports his self-esteem and high self-esteem.

Satisfaction of the need for self-esteem causes a feeling of self-confidence, a sense of one's usefulness, value, strength, recognition of one's abilities and useful results of activity, a feeling of one's adequacy. life situation. Obstacles in the realization of the need for self-esteem lead to feelings of inferiority, weakness and helplessness.

The situations that may arise in this sphere of human needs were brilliantly described by N. V. Gogol in a humorous form. In his work “The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich,” two old friends became enemies forever because of a single unfortunate phrase that seemed extremely humiliating to Ivan Ivanovich. In satisfying the need for respect, the psychological component seems to play a decisive role. interpersonal communication rather than economic or any other factors. Therefore, a special role in the implementation of this need belongs to the ethics of business communication, the competent organization of work in the contact zone.

Only a few types of service activities are directly aimed at fulfilling the need for respect - for example, the organization of anniversaries, celebrations, celebrations, the presentation of prizes and awards. However, indirectly, this need must be taken into account in the design of all services without exception. A respectful attitude towards the client and business colleagues always remains a significant reserve for improving the efficiency of service activities and the attractiveness of the service.

Emphasized respect for colleagues, partners and clients is manifested both in psychologically well-built communication, and in a ton, timely, attentive fulfillment of one's obligations. Respect for customers can sometimes be expressed in rather subtle ways. Yes, from service personnel hotels may require underlined modesty in dress: if the client considers that the people serving him look more refined than himself, this may be perceived as disrespectful. According to the observations of tourism experts, many Russian students Those who practice in hotels consider it humiliating to do such a "dirty" job as cleaning rooms. In countries Western Europe cultural traditions are completely different. So, in Germany, students from very wealthy families consider even the most unprestigious, “menial” work in a hotel as constituent part his future profession and do it like any other. The need for respect in different countries and social strata is realized in different ways, so its study is absolutely necessary when designing and providing any service for a particular contingent of customers.

Particular attention should be paid to Golden Rule ethics of communication: "Treat others as you would like to be treated." IN negative form in the formulation of Confucius, it says: "What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others." This rule is also applicable to business communication, but in relation to its individual types “top-down” (manager-subordinate), “bottom-up” (subordinate-manager), “horizontally” (employee-employee) requires specification.

Ethics of business communication "top-down". In business communication "top-down", i.e. in relation to the leader to the subordinate, the golden rule of ethics can be formulated as follows: "Treat the subordinate as you would like to be treated by the leader." The art and success of business communication is largely determined by the ethical standards and principles that the leader uses in relation to his subordinates. By norms and principles, we mean what kind of behavior in the service is ethically acceptable and what is not. These norms concern, first of all, how and on the basis of what orders are given in the management process, what is the official discipline that determines business communication. Without observing the ethics of business communication between a leader and a subordinate, most people feel uncomfortable in a team, morally unprotected. The attitude of the leader to subordinates affects the whole nature of business communication, largely determines its moral and psychological climate. It is at this level that moral standards and patterns of behavior are formed in the first place.

Ethics of business communication "bottom-up". In business communication "bottom-up", i.e. in relation to a subordinate to his boss, the general ethical rule of conduct can be formulated as follows: "Treat your boss the way you would like to be treated by your subordinates."

Knowing how you should treat and treat your leader is no less important than knowing what moral requirements you should make to your subordinates. Without this, it is difficult to find a "common language" with the boss and with subordinates. Using certain ethical norms, you can attract the leader to your side, make him your ally, but you can also turn him against yourself, make him your ill-wisher.

CONCLUSION

Each of us is a unique individual, each has own opinion. However, we must respect other people, even if we do not agree with their point of view. Respect gives people good mood helps them feel their importance. A person who is able to respect others has a certain dignity because he has something to offer to others. A person who does not respect those who respect him cannot offer anything.

If we want other people to respect us, we first have to show respect to them. We may look more attractive and be smarter than, say, one of our friends, but can we be absolutely sure that we are really better?

If we appreciate someone, we spend time and energy to prepare for meeting this person. We want to sparkle, produce good impression. And when we meet, we undoubtedly exude much more confidence and self-respect. We communicate more effectively and our "I" appears in all its splendor. But when we do things with half soul and half heart, our shortcomings show up. This happens because the attitude is reflected in our appearance, actions, behavior, and as a result of this, the person we are supposed to meet is unlikely to evaluate us as we would like.

Respect is such an attitude towards a person when we appreciate someone, despite his shortcomings. In other words, respect entails being kind to a person, despite his mistakes. It is possible to cultivate such respect for people in ourselves only if we learn to see in any person, first of all, his positive qualities.

However, some people assume that others should live by their principles and become frustrated when they don't. However, it seems more correct to base one's respect on what one has done rather than on what one has not achieved. If you're angry with someone because they didn't live up to your expectations, why not be angry with yourself instead for exaggerated expectations? Maybe a person lived in accordance with his own requirements for himself. He did the best he could, and therefore deserves respect.

When we show respect for those around us, we thereby renew and develop our relationships. When respect fades, problems come. When we no longer respect a person, we tend to notice stains on his clothes, carelessly combed hair, and feel that we are offended by his demeanor. We are easily upset when we meet him on our way, when he takes a chair that we were going to sit on, or eats those fruits that we have prepared for ourselves. When we feel love and respect for him, we simply do not notice anything bad, and those features that previously caused hostility now not only do not annoy us, but, on the contrary, seem attractive!

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