Pavlov Yakov Fedotovich

Know the Soviet people that you are the descendants of fearless warriors!
Know, Soviet people, that the blood of great heroes flows in you,
Those who gave their lives for their Motherland, without thinking about the benefits!
Know and honor the Soviet people the exploits of grandfathers and fathers!

The inconspicuous house of pre-war Stalingrad, which was destined to become one of the symbols of perseverance, heroism, military feat - Pavlov's house.

“... On September 26, a group of scouts of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment under the command of Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov and a platoon of Lieutenant N.E. Zabolotny of the 13th Guards Rifle Division took up defense in 2 residential buildings on January 9 Square. Subsequently, these houses entered the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as "Pavlov's house" and "Zabolotny's house" ... ".

During the days of the Battle of Stalingrad, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Colonel I.P. held the defense on the square on January 9th. Elina.

The commander of the 3rd battalion, captain A.E. Zhukov was ordered to carry out an operation to capture two residential buildings. For this, two groups were created under the command of Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny, who successfully coped with the task assigned to them.

The house, captured by the fighters of Lieutenant Zabolotny, could not withstand the onslaught of the enemy - the advancing German invaders blew up the building together with the Soviet soldiers defending it.

The group of Sergeant Pavlov managed to survive, they stayed in the House of the Regional Consumer Union for three days, after which reinforcements under the command of Lieutenant Afanasyev arrived to help them, delivering ammunition and weapons.

The building of the Regional Consumer Union has become one of the most important strongholds in the defense system of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment and the entire 13th Guards Rifle Division ....

Before the war, it was a 4-storey residential building of workers of the regional consumer union. It was considered one of the prestigious houses of Stalingrad: it was surrounded by the elite House of Signalers, the House of NKVD Workers. Specialists lived in Pavlov's house industrial enterprises and party workers. Pavlov's house was built in such a way that a straight, flat road led from it to the Volga. This fact played an important role during the Battle of Stalingrad.

In mid-September 1942, during the fighting on January 9 Square, Pavlov's house became one of two four-story houses that it was decided to turn into strongholds, since from here it was possible to observe and fire at the part of the city occupied by the enemy to the west up to 1 km, and on north and south are further away. It was for this house that the most fierce battles unfolded.

September 22, 1942 a company of sergeant Yakov Pavlov approached the house and entrenched in it - only four people remained alive at that time. Soon, on the third day, reinforcements arrived: a machine-gun platoon under the command of Lieutenant I.F. Afanasyev, who, as a senior in rank, led the defense of the house. But, nevertheless, for the gunners, the house was named after the person who first entrenched in it. So the house became Pavlov's house.

With the help of sappers, the defense of Pavlov's house was improved - the approaches to it were mined, a trench was dug to communicate with the command located in the Mill building, a telephone with the call sign "Mayak" was installed in the basement of the house. The 25-man garrison held the position for 58 days, repelling endless attacks from vastly superior enemy forces. On the personal map of Paulus, this house was marked as a fortress.

“A small group, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost during the capture of Paris,” said Army Commander-62 Vasily Chuikov.

Fighters of 10 nationalities defended Pavlov's house - Georgian Masiashvili and Ukrainian Lushchenko, Jew Litzman and Tatar Ramazanov, Abkhaz Sukba and Uzbek Turgunov. So Pavlov's House became a real stronghold of friendship between peoples during the Great Patriotic War. All the heroes were awarded government awards, and Sergeant Ya. Soviet Union.

The second house on January 9 Square was occupied by a platoon of Lieutenant N. E. Zabolotny. But at the end of September 1942, German artillery completely destroyed this house, almost the entire platoon and Lieutenant Zabolotny himself died under its ruins.

Pavlov's House:

Defenders of Stalingrad near Pavlov's House

House of Zabolotny:

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov:

From me.

I consider it important to filter the information from this video material, discarding historical lies aside.

TVC is a Western broadcasting company operating in the Russian telecommunications space. As always, such structures, telling about the exploits of our grandfathers and grandmothers during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, will definitely add a spoon "psychological tar" into historical "barrel of honey" heroic battles of the Red Army for our great Soviet Motherland.

Remember that any information, even a feat, emotionally negatively colored, involuntarily leaves a person with a negative aftertaste during perception.

Thus, our psychological enemy gradually convinces us that "The Nazis were people too" and it doesn't matter to them that they considered themselves superhumans and us subhumans, with all the ensuing consequences. and it doesn’t matter to them that there are no cases of atrocities of the Red Army soldiers in history, but the atrocities of the Nazis are known to all mankind and are presented to the Nuremberg Court. Some say that “If Hitler captured us, then we would now drink Bavarian beer and eat Bavarian sausages”, and it doesn’t matter to them that only Belarusians were killed by the Nazis every fourth, which exists, which provides for the disposal (extermination) of extra Slavs and the conversion into slaves of the survivors, "Stalin is the same tyrant and murderer as Hitler", but it doesn’t matter to them that Stalin defended the multinational Soviet people from destruction and enslavement, and it was Hitler who invaded the territory of the USSR, destroying cities, villages, Soviet citizens ... Does anyone know such a case that a Nazi soldier or officer shouting “For Germany! For Hitler! rushed to the embrasure of the Soviet pillbox, covering his body with a machine gun spewing deadly fire, in order to save his colleagues and complete a combat mission? When will we stop believing the lies of Western specialists in Psychological Warfare and learn to identify a "spoon of psychological tar" in our historical heroic "barrel of honey"?

After the war, the square on which the Pavlov's House, was named Defense Square. A semicircular colonnade by the architect I.E. Fialko was built near Pavlov's house. It was planned to build a monument to the soldier of Stalingrad in front of the house, but the memory of the soldier's feat was immortalized. In 1965, according to the project of sculptors P.L. Malkov and A.V. Golovanov, on the end wall of the house from the side of the square, a memorial wall-monument was erected in honor of the military feat of the defenders of Stalingrad. The inscription on it reads:

“This house at the end of September 1942 was occupied by Sergeant Pavlov Ya.F. and his comrades Alexandrov A.P., Glushchenko V.S., Chernogolov N.Ya. of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Order of Lenin Rifle Division: Alexandrov A.P., Afanasiev I.F., Bondarenko M.S., Voronov I.V., Glushchenko V.S., Gridin T. I., Dovzhenko P. I., Ivashchenko A. I., Kiselev V. M., Mosiashvili N. G., Murzaev T., Pavlov Ya. F., Ramazanov F. 3., Saraev V. K., Svirin I. T., Sobgaida A. A., Torgunov K., Turdyev M., Khait I. Ya., Chernogolov N. Ya., Chernyshchenko A. N., Shapovalov A. E., Yakimenko G. I.

Defenders of Pavlov's house:

Data on the number of defenders range from 24 to 31. (At one time, about 50 people claimed the name of the Unknown Soldier who defended the House of Soldiers' Glory.) There were also more than thirty civilians in the basements, some were seriously injured as a result of the fires that broke out after German artillery attacks and bombardments. Pavlov's house was defended by servicemen of different nationalities:

№	FULL NAME.	Rank/ job title	Armament	Nationality
1 reconnaissance group	Fedotovich	sergeant part-commander	gun-	Russian
2 reconnaissance group	Glushchenko Sergeevich	corporal	manual	Ukrainian
3 reconnaissance group	Alexandrov Alexander P.	red army soldier	manual	Russian
4 reconnaissance group	Chernogolov Yakovlevich	red army soldier	manual	Russian
5 commander garrison	Afanasiev Filippovich	lieutenant garrison commander	heavy	Russian
6 department mortars	Chernyshenko Nikiforovich	junior lieutenant mortar squad leader	mortar	Russian
7 department mortars	Gridin Terenty Illarionovich		mortar	Russian
8 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Ravens Vasilevich	Art. sergeant machine gun commander	machine gun	Russian
9 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Hite Yakovlevich		gun-	Jew
10 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Ivashchenko Ivanovich		heavy	Ukrainian
11 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Svirin Timofeevich	red army soldier	manual	Russian
12 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Bondarenko	red army soldier	manual	Russian
13 machine gun senior sergeant Voronova I.V.	Dovzhenko	red army soldier	heavy	Ukrainian
14 department armor-piercers	Sobgaida	Art. sergeant armored squad leader	PTR	Ukrainian
15 department armor-piercers	Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich	corporal	PTR	Tatar
16 department armor-piercers	Yakymenko Gregory Ivanovich	red army soldier	PTR	Ukrainian
17 department armor-piercers	Murzaev	red army soldier	PTR	Kazakh
18 department armor-piercers	Turdyev	red army soldier	PTR	Tajik
19 department armor-piercers	Turgunov Kamoljon	red army soldier	PTR	Uzbek
20 submachine gunner	Kiselyov	red army soldier	gun-	Russian
21 submachine gunner	Mosiashvili	red army soldier	gun-	Georgian
22 submachine gunner	Sarajevo	red army soldier	gun-	Russian
23 submachine gunner	Shapovalov Egorovich	red army soldier	gun-	Russian
24	Khokholov Badmaevich	red army soldier sniper	rifle	Kalmyk

Among the defenders of the garrison, who were in the building not constantly, but only periodically, it is worth noting the sniper sergeant Chekhov Anatoly Ivanovich and medical instructor Ulyanov Maria Stepanovna, which took up arms during the German attacks.

In the memoirs of A. S. Chuyanov, they still appear in the defenders of the house: Stepanoshvili (Georgian), Sukba (Abkhazian). In his book, the spelling of some surnames is also different: Sabgayda (Ukrainian), Murzuev (Kazakh).source -1 source -2

Rodimtsev with the heroic garrison "Pavlov's House".

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov(October 4, 1917 - September 28, 1981) - the hero of the Battle of Stalingrad, the commander of a group of fighters who, in the fall of 1942, defended a four-story residential building on Lenin Square (Pavlov's house) in the center of Stalingrad. This house and its defenders have become a symbol of the heroic defense of the city on the Volga. Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).

Yakov Pavlov was born in the village of Krestovaya, graduated primary school, worked in agriculture. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region, as part of the troops of the Southwestern Front.

In 1942, Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division, General A.I. Rodimtsev. He took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad. In July-August 1942, Senior Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov was reorganized in the city of Kamyshin, where he was appointed commander of the machine gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942 - in the battles for Stalingrad, he carried out reconnaissance missions.

On the evening of September 27, 1942, Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-story building overlooking the central square of Stalingrad - January 9th Square. This building occupied an important tactical position. With three fighters (Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Alexandrov), he drove the Germans out of the building and completely captured it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and telephone communications. Together with the platoon of Lieutenant I. Afanasyev, the number of defenders increased to 26 people. Far from immediately, it was possible to dig a trench and evacuate civilians hiding in the basements of the house.

The Germans constantly attacked the building with artillery and air bombs. But Pavlov avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

On November 19, 1942, the troops of the Stalingrad Front launched a counteroffensive. On November 25, during the attack, Pavlov was wounded in the leg, was in the hospital, then was a gunner and commander of the reconnaissance section in the artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in which he reached Stettin. He was awarded two Orders of the Red Star and many medals.

June 17, 1945 to junior lieutenant Yakov Pavlov was awarded title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal No. 6775). Pavlov demobilized from the ranks Soviet army in August 1946.

After demobilization, he worked in the city of Valdai Novgorod region, was the third secretary of the district committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the war, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order October revolution.

He repeatedly came to Stalingrad (now Volgograd), met with the inhabitants of the city, who survived the war and restored it from ruins. In 1980, Ya. F. Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd."

In Veliky Novgorod, in a boarding school named after him for orphans and children left without parental care, there is a Pavlov Museum (Derevyanitsa microdistrict, Beregovaya Street, house 44).

Ya.F. Pavlov was buried on the alley of heroes of the Western cemetery of Veliky Novgorod.

Glushchenko Vasily Sergeevich, corporal, member of the reconnaissance group that captured Pavlov's House.

At the end of October 1942, the squad of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov was ordered to knock out the enemy who had settled there from the four-story House of Specialists and hold the object until reinforcements arrived. There was a daring fight with a clearly outnumbered enemy. Due to the desperate onslaught and courage of a handful of Soviet fighters, the Nazis decided that they were being attacked by a large unit. But the attackers were nothing at all: Sergeant Pavlov, privates Alexandrov, Chernogolov and the Stavropol collective farmer, infantryman Vasily Glushchenko. On the fourth or fifth day, a small reinforcement approached, and the garrison of Pavlov's House, which for 58 days held an unparalleled defense of only one building, went down in history. great battle on the Volga. They stood to the death, the enemy did not manage to knock them out of the fortress house.

After the war, Vasily Glushchenko settled with us in Maryinskaya. On the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Victory, the Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov himself came to the village to meet with him. Some of the old-timers still remember this. They remember how, straightening his mustache with a slight movement, Vasily Sergeevich said:

“There were, however, rarely moments of calm. And then a kind of barking voice was heard from their German shelters:

"Rus, give up."

I give them all the strength in response:

"Don't make a mistake, you fascist bastard! It's not just Russians. If I start listing everyone, you will die without listening.”

Indeed, the defenders of Pavlov's House included representatives of many nationalities. Together with the Russians, Ukrainians, Georgians, Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Jews, and Tatars fought hand in hand. They were hard workers before the war, and in the war, in general, they remained essentially the same workers: they fought as they worked.

Until his death, Glushchenko kept a letter from Marshal Vasily Chuikov, twice Hero of the Soviet Union. The illustrious commander, years after the war, personally greeted and thanked the soldier:

“Dear Vasily Sergeevich, friend on the front, hero of the Stalingrad epic! Your feat is inscribed in golden letters in history. HousePavlova, which you courageously defended for all 58 days, remained an unconquered fortress ... Thank you, soldier and comrade-in-arms.

This year marks the 115th anniversary of the birth of Vasily Glushchenko. In honor of this date, a memorial evening was held at the Maryinsky House of Culture. Lev Sokolov, Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the village, told about the Battle of Stalingrad itself to the audience, among whom there were many students of the village school. And the history teacher and head of the stanitsa museum Alexander Yaroshenko introduced the biography of our heroic countryman.The guests of the meeting saw photographs of Vasily Glushchenko, including front-line ones.

Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev(1916 - August 17, 1975) - lieutenant, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, participant in the Battle of Stalingrad. He led the defense of Pavlov's House.

Born in the village of Voronezhskaya, Ust-Labinsky District, Krasnodar Territory. Russian.

October 2, 1942, during street fighting in Stalingrad, lieutenant Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev led the defense of one of the houses, (five days before, the house was occupied by the reconnaissance group of Sergeant Yakov Pavlov. Later this house will become known as Pavlov's House. The defense of the house lasted 58 days.

Despite the continuous attacks of the Nazis and bombing from the air, the garrison of the house held its object until the start of the general offensive of the Soviet troops.

November 4, 1942 Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev led his fighters on the offensive through the area on January 9th. By 11 o'clock, the guards had captured one of the houses on the square, repulsing four enemy attacks. In this battle, Lieutenant Afanasiev was shell-shocked (with loss of hearing and speech) and sent to the hospital. January 17, 1943 in the battle for the factory part of the city, he was again wounded.

By order of the 13th Guards Line Division No.: 17 / n dated: 02/22/1943, the commander of a machine-gun platoon of the 42nd Guards Line Regiment of the 13th Guards Line Division, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that in the battles for the city of Stalingrad near the village of Krasny Oktyabr, together with his platoon, he destroyed about 150 enemy soldiers and officers, destroying 18 soldiers with fire from personal weapons, and blocked 4 dugouts, allowing the infantry to conduct a counterattack.

After the Battle of Stalingrad, he participated in the battles on the Oryol-Kursk Bulge, near Kiev, Berlin and ended the war in Prague.

By order of the 111th brigade No.: 6 dated: 07/23/1943, the commander of a bullet platoon of a rifle company of the 111th tank brigade of the guard, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Red Star for the fact that, while repelling an enemy counterattack, he destroyed his platoon with machine gun fire up to 3 enemy platoons, personally suppressing one enemy mortar from a machine gun.

By order of the 111th brigade No.: 17 / n dated: 01/15/1944, Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the Order of the Red Star for destroying up to 200 enemy soldiers and officers with machine gun fire from his platoon in the battle for Chenovichi station, while Afanasyev himself destroyed about 40 soldiers, replacing a wounded machine gunner.

By order for the 25th Tank Corps: 9 / n dated: 05/09/1944, the party organizer of the battalion of machine gunners of the 111th brigade of the guard, Lieutenant Afanasyev, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree for selflessness and courage shown in the course of fulfilling his direct duties as a party organizer, directed to maintain the morale of the battalion soldiers.

By order of the ptrb 173 of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Liberation of Prague".

By order of the commander of the 25th Panzer Division, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Capture of Berlin".

By order of the 230th AZSP of the 53rd Army 2 Ukrainian Front No: 3/1074 dated: 10/07/1946, Senior Lieutenant Afanasyev was awarded the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945."

As a result of a shell shock received during the war in 1951, Ivan Afanasiev lost his sight, which was partially restored after operations.

Afanasiev settled in Stalingrad after the war. Despite problems with his eyesight, he managed to write his memoirs, as well as correspond with other defenders of the Pavlov House.

On October 15, 1967, at the opening of the monument of the ensemble on Mamayev Kurgan, together with Konstantin Nedorubov, he accompanied a torch with eternal flame from the Square of Fallen Fighters to Mamayev Kurgan. And in 1970, together with Konstantin Nedorubov and Vasily Zaitsev, he laid a capsule with a message to posterity (which will be opened on May 9, 2045, on the centenary of the Victory).

Died Ivan Filippovich Afanasiev August 17, 1975, and was buried in the central cemetery of Volgograd. However, in his will he indicated that he would like to rest with other fighters on Mamaev Kurgan. In 2013, he was reburied at the memorial cemetery of Mamaev Kurgan. There is a memorial plaque on his grave.source

Chernyshenko Alexey Nikiforovich member of the defense of Pavlov's House and commanded the department of mortars.Junior Lieutenant Chernyshenko Alexei Nikiforovich was born and lived in the village of Shipunovo, Altai Territory, and from there in 1941, at the age of 18, he was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army and went to the front.

Aleksey Nikiforovich Chernyshenko died in 1942 a heroic death in one of the battles for Stalingrad and was buried in a mass grave in the city of Stalingrad.

Sergeant Khait Idel Yakovlevich was born in the village of Khashchevatoe, Odessa region, in 1914. He was called up to the ranks of the Red Army Gayvoronsky RVC. Red Army soldier, shooter, 273 joint venture, 270 rifle division.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich died heroically on November 25, 1942, on the last 58th day of the defense of the "Pavlov's house" in Stalingrad.

Khait Idel Yakovlevich was buried in a mass grave near the Volga, not far from the Gergart mill, located next to Pavlov's house in the city of Stalingrad.

Red Army soldier of the Red Army Ivan Timofeevich Svirin. The war tore Ivan Timofeevich away from the peaceful profession. Before the war, he worked on a collective farm with. Mikhailovka, Kharabalinsky district. From there he went to the front. A wife and four children remained at home.

As it becomes clear from the documents, Ivan Timofeevich was a machine gunner in the garrison of Pavlov's House. He, along with everyone else, repulsed enemy attacks, went to the command post of a rifle company with combat reports, equipped positions for firing points, and stood at his post. By age, Ivan Timofeevich was the oldest, then he was 42 years old. He had years of civil war behind him. Often, in between battles, he talked with newcomers, helping them understand much that was happening in the garrison.

In January 1943, he died in the battles for the workers' settlement "Red October". In the Svirins' house, as a memory of her husband and father, books are kept that tell about the heroes of the immortal garrison.

Sobgaida Andrey Alekseevich was born in 1914 in the village of Politotdelskoe, Nikolaevsky district, Stalingrad region. At the age of 27, he went to the front. Behind him were already several months of front-line life, he participated in the battles near Kharkov. He was wounded, was treated in the Kamyshin hospital. Only two days were given to the fighter Sobgaide to visit his family.

In the morning he was already on his way. On the way to the burning Stalingrad. There were fights here for every meter of land, for every house.

Sobgaida Andrei Alekseevich was one of the defenders of Pavlov's house. In one of the defensive Andrey was wounded. Only he did not leave the garrison, he tried to help his comrades. He dug trenches with other fighters from the house to the mill. The last, most fierce attack was repulsed in mid-November. Company commander Naumov was killed, many were wounded, including Pavlov. Attack ahead. Andrei Alekseevich Sobgaida died in one of the offensive battles.

Corporal, armor-piercer Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, born in 1906. Born in Astrakhan.

Ramazanov Faizrakhman Zulbukarovich, a participant in the Battle of Stalingrad, including the defense of Pavlov's house, liberated Hungary and took Berlin.

He was seriously wounded, but to the evil of all deaths he survived. Awarded with the Order Military Glory, medals "For Stalingrad", "For Kharkov", "For Balaton" and other awards.

One of the best snipers of the 13th Guards Sergeant fired at the enemy from Pavlov's House Anatoly Ivanovich Chekhov, which destroyed more than 200 Nazis.

General Rodimtsev, right on the front line, presented nineteen-year-old Anatoly Chekhov with the Order of the Red Banner.

The Nazis managed to destroy one of the walls of the house. To which the fighters jokingly replied:

“We have three more walls. A house is like a house, only with a little ventilation.” source

Gridin Terenty Illarionovich was born on May 15, 1910 in the village of Blizhneosinovsky of the Second Don District of the Don Cossack Region.

In 1933 he graduated from the Nizhne-Chirsky Agricultural College. Worked as an agronomist.

Called to the Red Army on March 24, 1942. Kaganovichi district military registration and enlistment office (now Surovikinsky) and was sent to the Astrakhan military school. After that, he was assigned to the 13th Guards Rifle Division.

After the Red Army soldiers were fixed in Pavlov's house, mortars arrived there with junior lieutenant A.N. Chernyshenko, among them Gridin T.I.

A copy of the book "House of Soldier's Glory" is stored in the funds of the Surovikinsky Museum of Local Lore. title page with which the author made a dedicatory inscription:

“To a fighting friend in the Stalingrad battles T.I. Gridin from the commander and author, May 9, 1971, Afanasiev.

Terenty Illarionovich read the book with a pencil in his hands and underlined the brightest episodes, made notes in the margins. For example:

“I was with mortarmen in the house at a time when the 8th company of the 3rd battalion was also in the building of the military department” (p. 46)

“The entire western end wall of our House of Soldiers' Glory collapsed from the explosion. At this time, our company commander was standing in the basement window. During a strong explosion of a heavy shell, I was shell-shocked, hit my head with rubble and tore off the door to the basement” (p. 54).

“We witnessed how the building of the military department turned into a pile of ruins. During the day, an L-shaped house stood, and in the morning only smoke came out of the ruins” (p. 57).

“Mortar gunners were in the House at the head of senior sergeant Gridin, and at that time they sent us the commander of a platoon of company mortars, Comrade Alexei Chernyshenko, a young Siberian who had just graduated from 10 classes and the command staff school” (p. 60).

On December 2, 1942, Gridin T.I. was seriously wounded in the right hand and sent to the hospital. After being seriously wounded, he did not take part in hostilities.

After the war, Terenty Illarionovich lived in the city of Surovikino, Volgograd Region, worked at the plant protection station as an agronomist, actively corresponded with his comrades in arms, and came to the city of Volgograd to meet with fellow soldiers.

Died Gridin Terenty Illarionovich April 23, 1987, buried in Surovikino.

Art. sergeant of the Red Army machine-gun crew commander Voronov Ilya Vasilievich. The Stalingrad epic of the machine gunner Voronov began like this. After being seriously wounded on the Don coast in May 1942, Ilya Voronov fought off the doctors as best he could, who tried to send him to recover in the warm rear, away from the battles. In September, from the hospital evacuated to Astrakhan, undertreated soldiers, among whom was twenty-year-old Ilya, went to fight in the burning Stalingrad. Machine gunners were worth their weight in gold, and even such aces as Voronov, who treated thirty-kilogram "maxims" like toys, even more so.

Guards Sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who was instructed by the command of the 3rd Battalion of the 42nd Infantry Regiment of the 13th Guards Division to hold the most important strategic object of access to the Volga - Pavlov's house, asked Voronov for help.

The peasant son Ilya Voronov - about ninety meters tall, with pood fists - could choose the best position for his machine gun to attack, and the most inconspicuous place to dig in and wait out if the combat situation required it. He was not only a machine-gun crew commander, an assistant platoon commander, but also a real ringleader. Voronov taught his machine gunners the song “Forward, we are dashing Stalinists” and he himself was the leader.

“Yasha, if it’s difficult, I’ll be at the mill,” he said to Pavlov before he went to the house.

At that time, the Voronov machine gun was working at the same mill, which still stands in Volgograd as a destroyed reminder of the Battle of Stalingrad.

“Send me Voronov,” Pavlov asked and demanded from his command.

And in the end, the battalion commander called Voronov and ordered:

"You are going to Pavlov's house."

“At first I did not understand: in which house? - Ilya Vasilyevich recalls.

- This house was then officially called the House of Specialists. It turns out that the messenger is “guilty”. Yasha told him:

"Tell Voronov to come to Pavlov's house."

And the messenger to the commanders said:

"To Pavlov's House". That's how it's been since then."

“Well, now you can fight,” Pavlov hugged Voronov, who finally arrived.

Few people know that when the house was in the hands of the Nazis, 34 civilians remained in it and drank grief in full.

Having seized the house, the Germans mocked people: they beat the elderly, raped women. And when Sergeant Pavlov and his comrades kicked out the invaders, they told him so:

"If you leave us here, we will not forgive you."

They could not leave this house after such words! This is tantamount to betrayal. How then to look into the eyes of children who have become almost family. One of the elders, ten-year-old Vanya, brought cartridges, water, and helped bandage the fighters.

And once Voronov went into one of the rooms, and there a naked woman was sitting and wrapping a baby in her dress.

“Why naked? Why are you embarrassing my fighters?" machine gunner Ilya Voronov was surprised.

“I have nothing to swaddle a child with,” the woman replied. "Get dressed, I'm going now," the machine gunner replied.

And he brought new changeable footcloths to the woman for diapers.

After many, many years, that child turned, according to Ilya Vasilyevich, into a beautiful woman. She set the table and met the defenders of Pavlov's House in her Volgograd apartment. She knew perfectly well that she was alive because the machine-gunner Voronov, sergeants Pavlov and Ramazanov, and Private Glushchenko gave her mother their rations, while they themselves climbed to the wheat warehouse located between the house and the mill. There were problems with food and ammunition: the command would send 10-12 boats, but only two or three would arrive. So the soldiers chewed the wheat they got under shelling. For water, they made their way to the Volga, overflowing with oil from tanks bombed by the Nazis. Then, through rags and footcloths, the water was filtered six times. She still smelled like kerosene. They drank themselves, and cleaned it for a machine gun.

What the Nazis did to take this house: they fired at it from machine guns, bombed it with planes, and threw grenades at it. And ours, as if from the ashes, rose: they “patched” the broken windows and doorways with bags of earth - and answered. They did not sleep for several days - and therefore the Nazis lost count. They imagined that the house was not a wounded platoon, but almost a regiment.

The moment came when the Nazis could not stand it. "Hey Rus, how many of you are there?" - came from the fascist loudspeaker, which was installed a few meters from Pavlov's house.

“A full battalion and a makeweight,” answered the Pavlovtsy.

When the general offensive began, five people survived in a dilapidated house.

They lasted 58 days! What are the components of heroism? Sergeant Voronov knows them. Here, the Nazis shot a simple Russian girl in the arm and sent her to ours for data on the location of parts, and took her mother hostage. Heroism was made up of fearlessness: when you leaned out of the house almost to the waist and poured fire on the Nazis, revenged yourself for breaking a fragile Russian girl, forcing you to choose at the age of ten: life or Motherland, mother or soldiers-liberators.

This is how the defense of Pavlov's House ended for Voronov.

“Once during a battle in the city center, an enemy grenade fell at my feet,” the veteran said. - I quickly threw it back, but then another one exploded, and I was wounded in the face and stomach. I felt no pain and continued to fight, wiping the blood from my eyes. During the next counterattack of the enemy, I was wounded again, but I was in such an evil passion that, even when the cartridges ran out, I tore out the rings from the grenades with my teeth and threw them towards the Fritz. When a nurse crawled up, while bandaging, she counted more than twenty shrapnel and machine-gun wounds on the body.

He lay in hospital beds for no less than 15 and a half months, underwent dozens of operations. He returned to his native village of Glinka in 1944, and his mother and sisters live in a dugout. It was as if his heart was pinched with ticks: it was necessary to rebuild the village, build a house for the family, and he was on one leg. Harnessed. He worked as a storekeeper, head of a milk farm, a security guard at a grain stock, so much so that others could not keep up even on two legs. Didn't let anyone down.

After the war, Ilya Vasilievich cried only once, in the eighty-first. A telegram came from Nizhny Novgorod from Pavlov's son:

"Dad is dead".

Natalya Alexandrovna is the daughter of the legendary commander of the 13th Guards Rifle Division A.I. Rodimtseva - in her book about the war and about her father she wrote about the Russian soldier Ilya Voronov:

"This man is a diamond of the highest standard."

For three years he has not traveled to the city on the Volga. He was younger - every year he was there. I sat at the same table with Marshal Chuikov, and he repeated:

"If it were not for you, the defenders of the house, it is not yet known how the war would have turned."

Afanasiev I. F., Voronov I. V., Ulyanova M. S.

LADYCHENKO (ULYANOVA) Maria Stepanovna "Chizhik".

"IN ce 58 days of defense of Pavlov's House from the first to last day Masha, an affectionate and skillful nurse, was part of our garrison. And if the enemy was advancing? .. Masha took a machine gun and grenades, stood next to her, fought and shouted:

"Beat, guys, filthy, fascist - the enemy!".

L. I. SAVELYEV "PAVLOV'S HOUSE". Tale-tale about Soldier's glory:

“... the Nazis started another “concert” and now everyone is at the firing points. There is Naumov, who brought the artillerymen to the house ... the medical officer Chizhik - commanders, prudently took her with him when he equipped the expedition for a gun ... everyone was sure that when needed, Chizhik would definitely be there ... Chizhik hurried - the medical instructor Marusya Ulyanova, who provided Dronov with the first help.... But the platoon commander Ivan Filippovich Afanasyev had the most guest-soldiers, ... and Maria Stepanovna Ulyanova-Ladychenko - after all, she also lives in Volgograd. For her front-line friends, she remained so: MARUSYA - CHIZHIK. (S. 136-138, 144, 206).

"STALINGRAD. 1942-1943. Stalingrad battle in documents. Moscow. 1995. P. 412. VGMP funds, folder No. 198, inv. No. 9846, original:

“FROM THE POLITICAL REPORT OF THE 62nd ARMY ON THE INCLUSION OF THE ARMED WORKING TEAM OF STALINGRAD FACTORIES INTO THE ARMY.

... Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna, an employee of the Krasny Oktyabr plant, is considered to be in the 42nd joint venture of the 13th guards. with the best nurse. Under any fire, she coolly performs her duties. She was recently awarded the Medal for Courage...

The head of the political department of the 62nd Army, Brigadier Commissar Vasiliev. TsAMO, f. 48, op. 486, d. 35, l. 319a-321. (S. 321-323. KP).

Ulyanova Maria Stepanovna: Medal for Courage fund 33 inventory 686044 case 1200 l. 2 I am sending a piece of the award order:

"14. Medical instructor of the 3rd rifle battalion of the Guards of the Red Army ULYANOVA Maria Stepanovna for the fact that in the battles for the city of Stalingrad from November 22 to November 26, 1942 she carried 15 wounded soldiers and commanders and 15 rifles from the battlefield and provided first aid to 20 wounded commanders and soldiers. Born in 1919, Russian member of the Komsomol, in the Patriotic War since December 1941, has 2 wounds, in the spacecraft since 1941 ..., has no awards ... ".

Volgograd Regional Committee of the CPSU, Institute of Military History of the USSR Ministry of Defense. "HISTORICAL FEAT OF STALINGRAD". Moscow. 1985. S. 219:

“In the legendary house of Sergeant Ya. F. Pavlov, TOGETHER WITH HIS DEFENDERS FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END OF THE FIGHTS, Maria ULYANOVA WAS RESIDING, providing medical care many warriors.

The museum of the HISTORY OF THE KIROV DISTRICT has a record about a participant in the Great Patriotic War and the Battle of Stalingrad, a participant in the battles of the legendary garrison of the House of Soldiers' Glory ("Pavlov's House") Ladychenko (Ulyanova) Maria Stepanovna:

“Ulyanova had three combat medals:

- "For courage";

- "For the defense of Stalingrad";

- "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

Battle path Gary Badmaevich Khokholov started in 1941. 1941 - when the war began, Garya worked at a fish cannery:

“... I had armor, and all my comrades went to the front. Well, I think everyone is at war, and I will catch carp?

Before I had time to leave Kalmykia, they turned me back - I didn’t fit for health reasons. On the second attempt, he nevertheless broke through to the front, ”the veteran later recalled.

IN 1 942, as an 18-year-old boy, Garya leaves for the army. It falls into the training battalion of the 139th Infantry Division, located in the Astrakhan region (Kharabali). I managed to study for a mortar for 1.5 months. Undergraduate recruits are sent on a 5-day forced march (on foot at night) and young mortar cadets find themselves on the left bank of the Volga.

Meanwhile, fierce battles are going on in the very center of Stalingrad. For more than two months, the fighters of the 42nd regiment of the 13th Guards Division have been holding back the onslaught of the enemy. Stone buildings - the House of Sergeant Y. Pavlov, the House of Lieutenant N. Zabolotny and Mill No. 4 - were turned into strong positions. "No step back!"- Following this order and the dictates of the soul, the guards did not want to retreat.

Pavlov's House or, as many today call it, the House of Soldier's Glory, had a favorable, dominant position in this area (the territory occupied by the enemy was well shot through). That is why the commander of the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment I.P. Yelin orders the commander of the 3rd Infantry Battalion, Captain A.E. Zhukov to seize the house and turn it into a stronghold. Fulfill this task soldiers of the 7th rifle company were sent, commanded by senior lieutenant I.P. Naumov. At the end of September 1942, this house was captured by Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov with his squad (3 fighters).

At the same time:

“On September 20 we crossed the Volga ...” - the entry was made with a simple pencil by the hand of G. Khokholov himself on 1 sheet of a Red Army book.

Reinforcements arrived at the House on the third day of Pavlov's stay with his comrades: a machine-gun platoon of 7 people, led by Lieutenant I.F. Afanasiev, a group of armor-piercers of 6 people under the command of senior sergeant A.A. Subgaida, four mortarmen under the command of Lieutenant A.N. Chernushenko and three machine gunners. I.F. was appointed commander of the group. Afanasiev.

In the book "Guards fought to the death" General A.I. Rodimtsev recalls:

“Jokely, Afanasiev called his assault group an international brigade. If the machine gunners represented only three nationalities - Russians, Ukrainians and Uzbeks, then an even more complex national family was represented by the armor-piercing squad of A.A. Subguides".

It was in this group that G. Khokholov was also listed.This is how Khokholov himself describes his appearance in the battalion.

“On the night of September 20, we crossed on a barge to a burning city. And immediately into battle. Then they stopped. They took us to the basement of a house. An oil lamp burned and by its light they wrote down by name. I spoke Russian poorly, but I still have a Red Army book with the personal signature of commander-7 I.I. Naumov: 13th GSD, 42nd GSP, 3rd GSB, 7th rifle company, date - September 20, 1942. After a short clerical procedure, we were taken further - bullets were already whistling here, rockets were flashing, a front line was felt ... About twenty of us gathered. The platoon commander explained that almost the entire city belongs to the Germans, but we will stay in this house.

From the memoirs of G. Khokholov:

“I remember the endless fascist attacks: German planes circled over the house, artillery, mortar and machine-gun fire did not subside. The Germans stormed the house several times a day. For the rest of my life I remember the smell of burning, lime dust that corrodes the eyes. And also the piercing autumn wind and burnt wheat, which he chewed to satisfy his hunger.

In the book of Alexander Samsonov "The Battle of Stalingrad" there are lines:

“Often, the famous sniper of the division A.I. came to Pavlov’s House. Chekhov and conducted well-aimed fire at the enemy from the attic.

And Khokholov, in his letter, tells how exactly Chekhov taught him sniper art in a besieged house. Lessons, apparently, were not in vain. Proof of this is an entry in the book of a Red Army soldier, especially dear to a veteran:

“Awarded with the “Excellent Sniper” badge.

The date of delivery - November 7, 1942 - clearly indicates that for the first time Khokholov used his marksmanship skills in defending the house that later became famous.

In one of his last interviews, the veteran said:

“One day, the company commander handed me a sniper rifle and ordered me to shoot at the gas tanks of enemy vehicles and drivers, but not to give myself away. He took up his post in the northwest side of the house. At another observation post, a second soldier was on duty. I extended a wire to him in order to keep the connection in this way. When one of us took a break, the second took aim at the enemy. One of us should have been killed. I live. Unfortunately, I don’t remember the name of that Ukrainian guy.”

The brave Soviet soldiers held out for 58 days and nights. They left the building on November 24, when the regiment launched a counteroffensive.November 21-24 were the most bloody battles in the defense of Stalingrad.Morning of November 25 - attack on the enemy. In the battle, G. Khokholov was wounded, crawling to the shelter. At night, the wounded are taken to the Volga to be transported to the other side. Here is how he himself recalls it:

“The last fight was early in the morning on November 25th. Komroty spent the night with us, explained the task. He was the first to attack - jumped out the window and shouted:

"Follow me, forward!"

The Germans opened heavy mortar fire. A few steps from the house, a machine gun slashed my legs, and I fell like a sheaf. It felt like a lot of us were killed.

We, the wounded, were taken to the Volga. But the crossing did not work - there was broken ice on the river. No one bandaged us, I experienced terrible torment for five days. Thought it was the end. And only in the hospital EG-3638 in the city of Ershov, Saratov region, I believed in my salvation.

After a hospital in the Saratov city of Ershov, Khokholov falls into the 15th Airborne Division, in which he takes part in the battles on the Kursk Bulge. In the terrible battles on the Kursk Bulge, 8 thousand people fought, of which 400 people survived. Garya Khokholov receives a second wound in these battles. A bomb explodes next to him - he receives severe injuries to both arms and legs. The unconscious soldier is sent by train to the Chita region, to the Trans-Baikal-Petrovsky hospital. And inIn 1943, after treatment with a certificate of the 2nd group of disability on 2 crutches, he returned home to restore the post-war Motherland.

Kamoljon Turgunov was called to the front at the end of 1941, where he mastered the specialty of an anti-tank gunner (armor-piercer). After the Battle of Stalingrad, he took part in the liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Romania, and Hungary.

I met the victory in the German Magdeburg. Returning home with two wounds, he worked as a tractor driver in his native collective farm in the village of Bardankul, Turakurgan district, Namangan region, where he lived with his family - his wife and 16 children. In Uzbekistan, dedicated to him documentary "Long way home" filmed by a well-known cinematographer and director Davran Salimov in the country.

Passed away March 17, 2015 last defender Pavlov's house Kamoljon Turgunov at the age of 92 in Namangan.source

Pavlov's house has become a symbol of not only military, but also labor prowess. It is from the restoration of this house - and Pavlov's House became the first home of the restored Stalingrad - the famous Cherkasov movement began to restore the city in his spare time. Women's brigade of builders A.M. Cherkasova restored Pavlov's house immediately after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad, in 1943-44 (the beginning of the restoration is June 9, 1943).

The Cherkasov movement quickly expanded among the masses: by the end of 1943, over 820 Cherkasov brigades worked in Stalingrad, in 1944 - 1192 brigades, in 1945 - 1227 brigades. This is told by the memorial wall-monument, opened on May 4, 1985 on the end wall of the house from the side of Sovetskaya Street. Authors: architect V. E. Maslyaev and sculptor V. G. Fetisov. The inscription on the memorial wall reads:

"In this house, the feat of arms and labor merged".source

On November 29, 1943, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill at a conference in Tehran presented the Soviet leader Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin with a gift - the Sword of Stalingrad - a gift from the British people and personally King George VI to the citizens of Stalingrad as a token of admiration for their courage shown during the heroic defense of the city from the German -fascist invaders.

The commander of a group of fighters, which in the autumn of 1945 defended a house in the center of Stalingrad.

For courage and courage shown in battles, Pavlov was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Star, and medals. Shortly after the end of the war, Junior Lieutenant Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In August 1946, Pavlov was demobilized, and soon graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. IN post-war years worked in national economy.

Memory of Yakov Pavlov

The name of the Hero of the Soviet Union Yakov Pavlov was given to the boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care in the city of Veliky Novgorod and the ship of the Ministry of Fisheries.

In Novgorod, on the house where the hero lived, a memorial plaque was installed.

28.09.1981

War veteran

Hero of the Battle of Stalingrad

Yakov Pavlov was born on October 17, 1917 in the village of Krestovaya, Novgorod Region. After graduating from high school, he worked for some time in agriculture. In 1938 he was drafted into the Red Army. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region.

During the war, he participated in the battles on the South-Western, Stalingrad, 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, was the commander of the machine gun section, gunner and commander of the intelligence section with the rank of senior sergeant. In 1942, Yakov was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division, General A.I. Rodimtsev.

Pavlov took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad, in addition, he carried out reconnaissance missions. On the evening of September 27, 1942, Yakov Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-story building in the city center, which had an important tactical position. This house went down in the history of the Battle of Stalingrad as "Pavlov's House".

A modern view of Pavlov's house from Sovetskaya Street With three fighters, he managed to drive the Germans out of the building and completely capture it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition and a telephone line. The Nazis continuously attacked the building, tried to smash it with artillery and air bombs. Skillfully maneuvering the forces of a small "garrison", Pavlov avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

Our country, becoming one of the most famous heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. Mention of it can be found today in any history textbook. Commanding a group of fighters, in the autumn of 1942 he organized the defense of a four-story residential building on January 9th Square in the center of Stalingrad, this house went down in history as Pavlov's house. The house itself and, of course, its defenders, became symbols of the heroic defense of the city during the Great Patriotic War.

Yakov Pavlov was born exactly 100 years ago, on October 4 (October 17, according to a new style), 1917, in the small village of Krestovaya (today it is the territory of the Valdai district of the Novgorod region), in an ordinary peasant family, Russian by nationality. A few days after his birth, the October Revolution took place, followed by Civil War. Jacob's childhood was quite difficult, which was true for the whole country. He only finished elementary school. In 1938, he received a summons and was drafted into the ranks of the Red Army. He met the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in the army, fought from June 1941. He met the war near Kovel in Ukraine as part of the troops of the Southwestern Front.

Plan of the summer-autumn campaign of 1942 Nazi German troops envisaged the capture of Stalingrad and an offensive into the Caucasus. The Battle of Stalingrad began on July 17, 1942, from that day until November 18, the Germans did not stop trying to capture this large administrative, industrial and transport center on the Volga. According to Hitler's plans, German troops were to capture Stalingrad, which has a huge strategic importance, in two weeks of fighting, however, the stubborn resistance of the Soviet troops in the city destroyed by hostilities confused all the plans of the Nazi generals.

In 1942, Yakov Pavlov was sent to the 42nd Guards Regiment of the 13th Guards Rifle Division under General Alexander Rodimtsev. After the defeat of the Soviet troops near Kharkov, this division was assigned to the left bank of the Volga, where it was reorganized. During the reorganization of the division, Sergeant Yakov Pavlov was appointed commander of the machine gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942, Rodimtsev's division became part of the 62nd Army of the Stalingrad Front.

The division was tasked with crossing the Volga and dislodging German troops from the coastal strip, occupying and firmly defending the central part of Stalingrad from the enemy. On the night of September 14-15, 1942, the forward detachment of the 42nd guards regiment managed to cross the Volga and immediately joined the battle with the enemy. On September 15, the soldiers of the regiment recaptured the central railway station, making it possible for the rest of the formations of the 13th Guards Rifle Division to cross the Volga. On September 16, the wars of the 39th Guards Regiment, with the support of the consolidated 416th Infantry Regiment of the 112th Infantry Division, during the assault and stubborn battles, captured the top of Mamaev Kurgan. From September 21 to 23, the war of the 13th Guards Rifle Division, with the support of front-line artillery, withstood the strongest onslaught of the enemy, preventing the Germans from reaching the Volga in the central part of the city.

It was in the central part of the city in the area of January 9 Square (today Lenin Square) that a four-story brick house was located, which later went down in history. It was the house of the regional consumer union, house number 61 on Penzenskaya Street. It is he who will go down in history as Pavlov's house. Next to it was the House of Sovkontrol - the future house of Zabolotny - a mirror copy of Pavlov's house. Between these two houses there was a railway line to Gosmelnitsa No. 4 (Gerhardt-Grudinin's mill). Both buildings played a key role in the defense of the square and the approaches to it. In the area of these buildings, the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of Colonel Ivan Yelin was defending, who ordered the commander of the 3rd Rifle Battalion, Captain Alexei Zhukov, to capture these houses, turning them into strongholds.

Pavlov's house after the end of the Battle of Stalingrad. In the background - Gerhardt Mill

The House of the Regional Consumer Union was a four-story building with four entrances. It was built in the second half of the 1930s by the architect Sergei Voloshinov, who died on September 27, 1942, along with his wife, who was expecting a child, this happened in their house on Pugachevskaya Street during the next bombing of Stalingrad. The House of the Regional Consumer Union was considered one of the most prestigious in the city; other elite residential buildings were located next to it: the Houses of NKVD workers, the House of Signalers, the House of Railwaymen and others. Specialists from industrial enterprises, as well as party workers, lived in Pavlov's house.

Both houses were very important, the Soviet commanders correctly assessed their tactical significance for building defenses in this area. The surrounding countryside was clearly visible from the houses. It was possible to conduct surveillance, as well as fire at enemy positions in the occupied parts of Stalingrad: to the west up to one kilometer, to the north and south - and even more. Also, from the houses it was possible to view all the ways of a possible breakthrough of the Nazis to the Volga, which was within easy reach here. Two groups were created to capture the houses: the group of Sergeant Pavlov and Lieutenant Zabolotny. Zabolotny's house was later burned down during the fighting and blown up by the advancing German troops, it collapsed, burying the Soviet soldiers defending it under the ruins.

At the end of September 1942, Pavlov's reconnaissance and assault group also included corporal V. S. Glushchenko and Red Army soldiers A. P. Aleksandrov and N. Ya. Chernogolovy. Pavlov's group was able to penetrate the house and capture it, knocking out the Germans from it. A handful of fighters held out in the house for three days, after which reinforcements arrived: a machine gun platoon of Lieutenant Ivan Afanasyev (7 fighters with one heavy machine gun), a group of armor-piercers of senior sergeant Andrei Sobgaida (6 fighters with three anti-tank rifles), four mortars with two company mortars under the command of junior lieutenant Alexei Chernyshenko and three machine gunners. A telephone connection was also made to the house and ammunition was organized. This small garrison held out in the house for almost two months, preventing the Germans from reaching the Volga in this defense sector. During the battle, civilians (about 30 people) also hid in the basement of the house, who could not evacuate from it, some of them were seriously injured as a result of shelling and bombing.

Almost all the time, the Germans fired at this house with artillery and mortars, they attacked it from the air (as a result of the blows, one of the walls was completely destroyed), continuous attacks were carried out, but the Germans could not take the house. Soviet soldiers they competently prepared it for all-round defense, during attacks they fired at the enemy from different places in the house through prepared embrasures made in bricked-up windows, as well as breaches in the walls. As soon as the Germans approached the building, they were met by dense rifle and machine-gun fire from various firing points on different floors of the building, grenades flew towards the Nazis.

At the same time, Lieutenants Afanasyev, Chernyshenko (died during the defense) and Sergeant Pavlov managed to establish good fire cooperation with strong points located in neighboring buildings - with Zabolotny's house and the mill building, which housed command post 42nd Infantry Regiment. A significant role in the competent organization of defense was also played by the fact that Afanasiev and Pavlov were experienced fighters, Pavlov could be called a regular military man, after all, he had been in the army since 1938. Significantly simplified the interaction of strong points and the fact that an observation post was equipped on the third floor of Pavlov's house, which the Germans could not destroy. Later, the commander of the 62nd Army, General Vasily Chuikov, recalled: "A small group of Soviet soldiers, defending one house, destroyed more enemy soldiers than the Nazis lost during the capture of Paris."

The reserve positions prepared by them were of great help to the defenders of the house. In front of the house itself there was a cemented fuel depot, to which the defenders managed to dig an underground passage. And about 30 meters from the house there was a hatch leading to a water tunnel, to which an underground passage was also dug. This is how the defenders of Pavlov's house could relatively quietly and safely receive the ammunition and food necessary for defense. During artillery shelling, all the defenders of the house, except for the outposts and observers, descended into shelters. After the shelling ceased, the entire small garrison again took up their positions and met the enemy with fire.

Pavlov's grave at the Western Cemetery of Veliky Novgorod

The defense of the house lasted about two months until November 24, 1942, when its defenders left it and the 42nd regiment, along with other units, launched a counteroffensive. During the heroic defense of Pavlov's house, only three of his defenders died: junior lieutenant Alexei Chernyshenko, sergeant Idel Hait and Red Army soldier Ivan Svirin. At the same time, many defenders of the house were injured. Yakov Pavlov himself was seriously wounded in the leg on November 25, 1942 during an attack on German positions.

After returning from the hospital, Sergeant Pavlov fought just as worthily as in Stalingrad, but already in the artillery. He was the commander of the reconnaissance section in various artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, in which he safely reached Stettin, having gone through the Great Patriotic War from the first to the last day. For his military merits, he was awarded two Orders of the Red Star, as well as numerous medals. On June 17, 1945, junior lieutenant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was awarded honorary title Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the Gold Star medal (No. 6775), by that time he had already joined the Communist Party. He was presented for the award precisely for the feat accomplished back in Stalingrad in 1942.

After demobilization from the army in 1946, Yakov Pavlov returned to his native land. He worked for a long time in the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region, was the third secretary of the district party committee, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the end of World War II, he was also presented to the Order of the October Revolution. In the post-war years, he often came to Stalingrad, where he met with local residents who survived the war and rebuilt the Volga city from ruins. Not only Yakov Pavlov, but also all the other defenders of the house have always been the most dear guests of the townspeople. In 1980, Yakov Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd".

Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov died on September 28, 1981 at the age of 63. Most likely, his front-line wounds contributed to the relatively early death of the hero. He was buried in the alley of heroes of the Western cemetery of Veliky Novgorod. Currently, the name of Yakov Pavlov is a boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care in Veliky Novgorod. Streets in Veliky Novgorod, Valdai and Yoshkar-Ola were also named after Yakov Pavlov.

Based on materials from open sources

Born in the village of Krestovaya, now the Valdai district of the Novgorod region, graduated from elementary school, worked in agriculture. From there he was drafted into the Red Army in 1938. He met the Great Patriotic War in combat units in the Kovel region, as part of the troops of the Southwestern Front, who fought heavy defensive battles on the territory of Ukraine.

In 1942 he was sent to the 42nd Guards Rifle Regiment of the 13th Guards Division of General A.I. Rodimtsev. He took part in defensive battles on the outskirts of Stalingrad. In July-August 1942, Senior Sergeant Ya.F. Pavlov was on reorganization in the city of Kamyshin, where he was appointed commander of the machine gun section of the 7th company. In September 1942 - in the battles for Stalingrad, carried out reconnaissance missions.

On the evening of September 27, 1942, Ya.F. Pavlov received a combat mission from the company commander, Lieutenant Naumov, to reconnoiter the situation in a 4-storey building overlooking January 9 Square (the central square of the city) and occupying an important tactical position. With three fighters (Chernogolov, Glushchenko and Alexandrov), he managed to knock the Germans out of the building and completely capture it. Soon the group received reinforcements, ammunition, a telephone line. Together with the platoon of Lieutenant I. Afanasyev, the number of defenders reached 24 people. Far from immediately, it was possible to dig a trench and evacuate civilians hiding in the basements of the house.

The fascist invaders continuously attacked the building, tried to smash it with artillery and air bombs. Skillfully maneuvering the forces of a small "garrison", Ya.F. Pavlov avoided heavy losses and for almost two months did not allow the enemy to break through to the Volga.

On November 19, 1942, the troops of the Stalingrad Front (see Operation Uranus) launched a counteroffensive. On November 25, during the attack, Ya.F. Pavlov was wounded in the leg. He lay in the hospital, then fought as a gunner and commander of the reconnaissance section in the artillery units of the 3rd Ukrainian and 2nd Belorussian fronts, reached Stettin. He was awarded two orders of the Red Star, medals. Shortly after the end of the war (June 17, 1945), junior lieutenant Ya.F. Pavlov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (medal No. 6775). He was demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army in August 1946.

After demobilization, he worked in Novgorod, graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. Three times he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR from the Novgorod region. After the war, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution. He repeatedly came to Stalingrad (now Volgograd), met with the inhabitants of the city, who survived the war and restored it from ruins. In 1980 Ya.F. Pavlov was awarded the title "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd".

In Veliky Novgorod, in a boarding school named after him for orphans and children left without parental care, there is a Pavlov Museum (Derevyanitsa microdistrict, Beregovaya Street, 44).

Ya.F. Pavlov was buried in the alley of heroes of the Western cemetery of Veliky Novgorod. The version that Ya.F. Pavlov did not die in 1981, but became the confessor of the Holy Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Fr. Kirill has no basis - this is his namesake, although in the past he was also the defender of Stalingrad.

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Today Russia celebrates the day military glory- Day of destruction Soviet troops Nazi troops in the Battle of Stalingrad (1943). Much has been written about the exploits of the heroic defenders of Stalingrad. And today I want to talk about the legendary sergeant Yakov Pavlov, who became famous with his comrades in the fall of 1942. Moreover, on October 17, 2017, the country will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Yakov Pavlov.

So, in October 1917, a boy was born in an ordinary peasant family in the village of Krestovaya in the present Novgorod region, who received the name Yakov. A few days later, a revolution took place in Russia, which could not but affect his fate. He got the opportunity to study, but he did not have time to test his knowledge in practice, since almost immediately after graduation he received a summons to the military registration and enlistment office.

This happened in 1938, when Yakov, three years before the start of World War II, became a soldier in the Red Army. In the summer of 1941, junior sergeant Pavlov took the first battle near the city of Kovel. He was the commander of the machine-gun squad, then the gunner. Together with the units, he retreated inland until he ended up in Stalingrad. Got into guard unit which he was very proud of.

On the night of September 27, 1942, battalion commander Aleksey Zhukov ordered the company commander, senior lieutenant I. Naumov, to conduct reconnaissance in force in the only four-story building of the regional consumer union on Penzenskaya Street, 61 that had survived the bombing. , with the task of gaining a foothold in it and preventing the breakthrough of German troops to the Volga River in the area of \u200b\u200bJanuary 9 Square (now Lenin Square).

When, a few years later, a legend was molded from Pavlov's House, it was "added" that Pavlov recaptured the house from the Nazis. At the same time, the number of fascists themselves is modestly silent. Most likely, the Germans simply did not have time to get comfortable in this house and also sent scouts in order to find out the situation. And ours came a little later. In any case, in the memoirs of Yakov Pavlovich it is directly indicated that the Germans were sitting in two apartments in the second entrance on the first floor. Our four broke into the apartments, threw three “lemons” into the rooms, and after the smoke from the explosions cleared, discharged into the space of the apartments another horn of machine guns. And at the same time, only three Nazis were killed, and three more wounded were finished off after they tried to get out of the building.

Since the Nazis, who were 200-300 meters from the house, in the dark, could not establish the strength of the attackers, they bombed and shelled the house all night, but did not bring any harm to our scouts. And right before the shelling, Pavlov discovered in one of the basements the orderly officer Kalinin, who had come from nowhere, and sent him to the battalion headquarters to convey the situation in the house. But he managed to break through to his only a day later.

But the commander of the regiment of the guard, Colonel Yelin, having learned that the company commander had sent only four fighters, gave Aleksey Zhukov a uniform dressing, sighing sadly: “They must have all died, they should have sent more.” And then Kalinin was brought to the basement, who gave the battalion commander a note from Pavlov. On the same night, reinforcements were sent to the house on January 9 Square, and most importantly, communication was established with the company commander, the signalmen extended the cable.

The platoon that arrived at the house was commanded by Lieutenant Ivan Afanasiev. He was instructed to lead the defense. It was hard to imagine that in a combat situation a sergeant commanded a lieutenant, especially since the defenders were not “torn off” from command, by and large Zhukov and Naumov gave instructions. But for some reason, it was not Ivan Afanasiev (who remembers him?), but Yakov Pavlov, who entered history. Why?

Everything here, most likely, lies in the field of ideology. Firstly, the first group was nevertheless commanded by Pavlov, and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to the first group that crossed the river, broke into the heights, captured the Nazi trenches, etc. And, secondly, it was more convenient to raise the patriotic spirit of Soviet soldiers - a sergeant. So that other junior commanders also show initiative and the ability to take responsibility in battle, so that they do not feel out of place when, for example, officers die. A lieutenant is supposed to be in command!

But this does not mean at all that Pavlov did not show courage. He fought on an equal footing with everyone, and even a little better, if only because, unlike some fighters, he was an experienced warrior who had three years of service before the war and one year of participation in hostilities. And, of course, it was he who was an example for the soldiers, for he was with them, as it were, on the same step.

Another myth can be debunked. All textbooks say that the house was defended by 24 guardsmen. In fact, the combat strength of the defenders was constantly updated, the wounded were sent to the rear (although what kind of rear is there, if the Germans are within easy reach). According to the most conservative estimates, there were about three dozen defenders.

The Nazis made dozens of attempts to knock the heroes out of the house, but in vain. How could they survive in this hell? Largely due to the fact that the guards had spare positions. In front of the house there was a cemented petrol storage, to which an underground passage was dug. Another convenient position was equipped behind the house, about thirty meters away, where there was a hatch for a water tunnel, where an underground passage was also dug. As soon as the Nazis opened fire on the house, only those on duty remained at their posts, and everyone else went into shelters. The shelling stopped, and the entire small garrison was again in the house, again mowed down the Fritz, who were trying to attack our positions.

The brave Soviet soldiers held out for 58 days and nights. They left the building on November 24, when the regiment launched a counteroffensive. As you might guess, Yakov Pavlov celebrated his 25th birthday within the walls of the house. But neither Pavlov nor his fighting friends focused on how he celebrated the anniversary.

It remains to be added that Sergeant Pavlov received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union after the victory salute in May, on June 27, 1945. Together with the "asterisk" he was also awarded lieutenant's shoulder straps. The following year, Yakov Fedotovich retired from the army. Then he graduated from the Higher Party School under the Central Committee of the CPSU. He worked in the national economy. He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the October Revolution, 2 Orders of the Red Star and medals. By the decision of the Volgograd City Council of People's Deputies of May 7, 1980, Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov was awarded the title of "Honorary Citizen of the Hero City of Volgograd".

Unfortunately, his health, undermined by wounds, significantly reduced the life of the hero. September 29, 1981 Hero of the Soviet Union Ya. F. Pavlov died. He was buried in the city of Novgorod (now Veliky Novgorod) at the Western Cemetery ...

And let history preserve only his surname for posterity, but he still shared the glory with all his comrades. Each of the surviving defenders of the House has always been the dearest guest in Volgograd. In a city where they did not spare their lives. And it is not so important whose name this House would be called. Veterans generally suggest renaming it the House of Soldiers' Glory. Maybe that's right...

Yuri Moskalenko

https://shkolazhizni.ru/culture/articles/9740/

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