Worker-peasant Red Army presentation. Story. Defender of the Fatherland Day in the post-war years

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HISTORY OF THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION Lesson 21 1. Traditions of the Russian army. 2. Education of the Red Army. 3. Armed Forces of the Soviet Union before the Second World War. 4. Post-war state of the Armed Forces. 5. Reform of the modern Armed Forces of Russia.

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The first information about the military organization of our ancestors appears in chronicles around the 6th century. At that time, the tribal unions of the Slavs created armed militias, which included almost all adult men. The basis of the army is the princely squad.

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In the middle of the 16th century, Ivan the Terrible carried out a military reform. As a result, the archery army was created. It served not only in wartime, but also in peacetime. Streltsy had uniform weapons (squeaker, saber and reed) and uniforms.

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Important for the country militarily was the XVIII century. The young Tsar Peter I carried out military reforms, the result of which was the creation of regular armed forces (land army and navy) numbering more than 200 thousand people. The origin of the traditions of the Russian guard.

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Generalisimo Suvorov Field Marshal Kutuzov Admirals Ushakov, Nakhimov General Skobelev

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The October Revolution of 1917 destroyed the existing state structure Russia and eliminated the armed forces. The Government of the Republic of Soviets had to create new armed forces in the first months, taking into account the new social structure of the country, external threats and material opportunities.

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The small, poorly trained Red Guard could not resist the invasion of the German troops. The threat of invasion by German troops forced the Soviet government to start recruiting a standing army.

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On January 15, 1918, a decree was adopted on the creation of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), and on January 29, 1918, on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Fleet. The army and navy were created on a voluntary basis.

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In February 1918, the young Red Army and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet had to repel the onslaught of the German troops. In commemoration of the mass entry of volunteers into the Red Army to defend the Fatherland and the courageous resistance of the Red Army units, the day of February 23 began to be celebrated as the Day of the Soviet Army and Navy, and since 1992 as the Day of Defenders of the Fatherland.

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The main content of the reforms: The formation of the Red Army and the reform of the old army; Adoption in December 1917 of the Decree on the abolition of military ranks, ranks, insignia and advantages. Supreme governing body became the Council of People's Commissars, the body of direct control - the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs; In April 1918, recruitment to the Army moved from the principle of voluntariness to the principle of military service, from the election of commanders to their appointment. In May, universal military service is introduced.

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The international situation during this period required the constant strengthening and improvement of the armed forces. The second World War. Under these conditions, the Soviet government took measures to strengthen the country's defense capability. The number of armed forces has steadily increased: in 1935 - 930 thousand people, in 1938 - 1.5 million people, and by the beginning of 1941 - 5.7 million people.

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The main content of the reforms: Creation in March 1938 of the Main Military Council of the Red Army and the Main Council of the Navy, which were in charge of military organizational development; The institution of military commissars, which existed until August 1940, was introduced; Military duty now spread to everyone; The terms of service were increased, the draft age was reduced, the period of stay in the reserve was lengthened; All personnel of the Armed Forces were obliged to take a military oath; Responsibility for desertion and unauthorized absences from the unit is being increased.

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Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 was the greatest test of the ability of the Armed Forces of the USSR to defend the independence of the country.

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During this period, the national military school put forward a number of talented military leaders (G.G. Zhukov, K.K. Rokosovsky, S.K. Timoshenko, A.M. Vasilevsky, I.S. Konev, etc.), who skillfully carried out military operations, leading to the defeat of a staunch and well-armed enemy.

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The main content of the reforms: General mobilization of all men from 19 to 55 years is announced; The structural organization of the armed forces became more complex. The structure of the Armed Forces now included fronts, armies, corps, divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies, platoons and squads; In 1942, the Combat Charter of the Infantry was published. The division of military personnel into private, sergeant, officers and generals, new insignia were introduced; The system of military tribunals became more complicated and increased, the Main Logistics Directorate was established; A resolution was adopted obliging the republican, regional and district committees of the party to deploy resistance (partisan movement) behind enemy lines.

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After the war, the improvement and strengthening of the Armed Forces continued in accordance with the forecast of the international situation and the policy pursued by the Soviet government. In the mid-1950s, a fundamental transformation of the Soviet Armed Forces began, equipping them with nuclear missile weapons and other latest types of weapons and military equipment.

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In 1969 was created the new kind Armed Forces of the USSR - Rocket troops strategic purpose.

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The main content of the reforms: The supreme leadership of the defense of the country and the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the highest bodies of state power (the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and the Council of Ministers of the USSR). The direct command of the Armed Forces of the USSR was carried out by the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. A new branch of the Armed Forces appeared - the Strategic Rocket Forces;

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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the main successor of the Armed Forces of the USSR became Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created.

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The construction of the RF Armed Forces was planned in three stages. The first ended in 1992. In the course of it, the decrease in the level of combat readiness that began after the collapse of the USSR was stopped, approaches to the creation of groupings of troops and general-purpose forces were revised, and the formation of new ones began in connection with the changed state borders

On the organization of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army From the decree of the Soviet People's Commissars On January 15, 1918, the Council of People's Commissars decides: to organize a new army under the name "Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", on the following grounds: The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is created from the most conscious and organized elements of the working masses.

Access to its ranks is open to all citizens of the Russian Republic at least 18 years old. Anyone who is ready to give his strength, his life to defend the gains enters the Red Army. October revolution, the power of the Soviets and socialism. To join the ranks of the Red Army, recommendations are needed: military committees or public democratic organizations standing on the platform of Soviet power, party or professional organizations or at least two members of these organizations. When joining in whole parts, a mutual guarantee of all and a roll-call vote are required. The soldiers of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army are on full state allowance and above all receive 50 rubles. per month. Disabled members of the families of soldiers of the Red Army, who were previously dependent on them, are provided with everything necessary according to local consumer standards, in accordance with the decisions of local Soviet authorities.

Oath 93. Formula of a solemn promise Approved at a meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', Peasants' and Cossacks' Deputies on April 22, 1918. I, the son of the working people, a citizen of the Soviet Republic, accept the rank of soldier of the workers' and peasants' army. In the face of the working classes of Russia and the whole world, I undertake to bear this title with honor, conscientiously study military affairs and, like the apple of my eye, protect the people's and military property from damage and plunder. I undertake to refrain myself and refrain my comrades from all acts that discredit and humiliate the dignity of a citizen of the Soviet Republic, and to direct all my actions and thoughts towards the great goal of the liberation of all working people. I undertake to strictly and unswervingly observe revolutionary discipline and unquestioningly carry out all orders of commanders appointed by the power of the workers' and peasants' government. I undertake, at the first call of the workers' and peasants' government, to defend the Soviet Republic against all dangers and attacks from all its enemies, and in the struggle for the Russian Soviet Republic, for the cause of socialism and the brotherhood of peoples, to spare neither my strength nor my life itself. 6. If, through malicious intent, I deviate from this my solemn promise, then may universal contempt be my lot and may the harsh hand of the revolutionary law punish me. According to the materials of the Museum of the Revolution. 125

Composition of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (RVSR) Chairman L. D. Trotsky () Deputy. Chairman E. M. Sklyansky () Commanders-in-Chief: I. I. Vatsetis (), S. S. Kamenev () Members of the RVSR: P. A. Kobozev () K. A. Mekhonoshin () F. F. Raskolnikov (1918) K. Kh. Danishevsky () I. N. Smirnov () S. I. Aralov () V. A. Antonov-Ovseenko () A.P. Rozengolts () V.I. Nevsky () N.I. Podvoisky () K.K. Yurenev () I.V. Stalin (,) V.M. Altvater () A.I. Okulov (1919) I.G. Smilga () S.I. Gusev (1919,) A. I. Rykov (1919) D. I. Kursky ()

The first awards of the Red Army. Personal weapons, clothes, watches, gratitude to the formation of the year - Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR - 1919 honorary award insignia, honorary revolutionary Red Banners, honorary award firearms year - Order of the Red Banner of the USSR.

Stages of the creation of the Red Army. January 15, 1918 - Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Red Army. January 29, the formation of the Red Fleet - demobilization of the old tsarist army, the recruitment of everyone into the new Red Army, and with the involvement of military experts from the tsarist army. April 1918 decree on compulsory military training, adoption of the first Soviet military oath. May 1918 - Decree on the general mobilization of workers and the poorest peasants. July 1918 - Compulsory Law military service– 1919 opening of higher educational institutions. September 1918 creation of the RVSR. November 1918 Establishment of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense. 1918 - Establishment of the first Soviet awards.

Red Army offensive (1944–1945) The offensive of the Soviet Army in 1944 - 1945. In 1944 Soviet army launched an offensive in all sectors of the front - from the Barents Sea to the Black. In January, the offensive of parts of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts began, the result of which was complete release Leningrad from an enemy blockade, and the expulsion of the Nazis from Novgorod. In April, having crossed the river. Prut, our armies have transferred military operations to the territory of Romania. The state border of the USSR was restored for several hundred kilometers. In April, having crossed the river. Prut, our armies have transferred military operations to the territory of Romania. The state border of the USSR was restored for several hundred kilometers. The successful offensive of the Soviet troops in the winter - spring of 1944 hastened the opening of a second front in Europe. June 6, 1944 Anglo-American troops landed in Normandy. However, the main front of the Second World War continued to be the Soviet-German, where the main forces of Nazi Germany were concentrated. In the first months of the war, due to the unexpectedness and suddenness of the Nazi attack, the Red Army was forced to retreat, to leave part of the Soviet territory. In the first months of the war, due to the unexpectedness and suddenness of the Nazi attack, the Red Army was forced to retreat, to leave part of the Soviet territory. In the course of the war, the Red Army was filled with new vitality, replenished with people and equipment, and received new reserve divisions to help. And the time came when the Red Army was able to go over to the offensive on the main sectors of the vast front. In June - August 1944, the troops of the Leningrad, Karelian fronts and the Baltic Fleet, having defeated the Finnish units on the Karelian Isthmus, liberated Vyborg, Petrozavodsk and on August 9 reached state border with Finland, whose government on September 4 ceased hostilities against the USSR, and after the defeat of the Nazis in the Baltic states on October 1, declared war on Germany. In June - August 1944, the troops of the Leningrad, Karelian fronts and the Baltic Fleet, having defeated the Finnish units on the Karelian Isthmus, liberated Vyborg, Petrozavodsk and on August 9 reached the state border with Finland, whose government on September 4 ceased hostilities against the USSR, and after the defeat of the Nazis in the Baltic States on October 1 declared war on Germany. In July - September parts Ukrainian fronts liberated all of Western Ukraine. On August 31, the Germans were driven out of Bucharest. In early September Soviet troops entered the territory of Bulgaria. In July-September, units of the Ukrainian fronts liberated the entire Western Ukraine. On August 31, the Germans were driven out of Bucharest. In early September, Soviet troops entered the territory of Bulgaria. In the autumn of 1944, fierce battles began for the liberation of the Baltic states - Tallinn was liberated on September 22, and Riga on October 13. At the end of October, the Soviet Army entered Norway. In parallel with the offensive in the Baltic states and in the North, in September-October, our armies liberated part of the territory of Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Yugoslavia. Result The result of the offensive of the Soviet Army in 1944 was the complete liberation of the territory of the USSR from fascist invaders and bringing the war into enemy territory. victory in the fight against Nazi Germany was obvious. It was achieved not only in battles, but as a result of the heroic labor of the Soviet people in the rear. In 1944, Soviet industry surpassed the military production not only in Germany, but in England and the USA. The victory in the fight against Nazi Germany was obvious. It was achieved not only in battles, but as a result of the heroic labor of the Soviet people in the rear. In 1944, Soviet industry surpassed the military production not only in Germany, but in England and the USA. On the liberated lands, the restoration of the national economy immediately began. On January 6, 1945, W. Churchill turned to J. V. Stalin with a request to expedite the offensive operations. Faithful to their allied duty, on January 12, 1945, Soviet troops launched an offensive, the front of which stretched from the shores of the Baltic to the Carpathian Mountains. A powerful offensive was carried out between the Vistula and the Oder - against Warsaw and Vienna. On January 6, 1945, W. Churchill turned to I. V. Stalin with a request to speed up the conduct of offensive operations. Faithful to their allied duty, on January 12, 1945, Soviet troops launched an offensive, the front of which stretched from the shores of the Baltic to the Carpathian Mountains. A powerful offensive was carried out between the Vistula and the Oder - against Warsaw and Vienna. In the second half of April - early May, the Soviet Army delivered the last blows to Germany. On April 16, the operation to encircle Berlin began, ending by April 25. On April 30, between 2 and 3 pm, a red flag was hoisted over the Reichstag. In the second half of April - early May, the Soviet Army delivered the last blows to Germany. On April 16, the operation to encircle Berlin began, ending by April 25. On April 30, between 2 and 3 pm, a red flag was hoisted over the Reichstag. On May 9, the last enemy grouping was liquidated and Prague was liberated. Hitler's army ceased to exist. On May 8, an act of unconditional surrender of Germany was signed in the Berlin suburb of Karlhorst. The Great Patriotic War ended final defeat Nazi Germany and its allies. The Soviet Army not only bore the brunt of the war on its shoulders, but also saved the Anglo-American troops from defeat. The Great Patriotic War ended with the final defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies. The Soviet Army not only bore the brunt of the war on its shoulders, but also saved the Anglo-American troops from defeat. On July 17, 1945, the Potsdam Conference met in Potsdam to discuss the results of the war. The leaders of the three powers agreed to liquidate forever German militarism, the Hitlerite party, and to prevent its revival. Issues related to the payment of reparations by Germany were resolved. On July 17, 1945, the Potsdam Conference met in Potsdam to discuss the results of the war. The leaders of the three powers agreed to liquidate forever German militarism, the Hitlerite party, and to prevent its revival. Issues related to the payment of reparations by Germany were resolved. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, Japan continued to conduct military operations against the USA, the USSR and other countries. Soviet Union, fulfilling its allied obligations, on August 8, 1945, after rejecting the offer of surrender, declared war on Japan. On August 9, our units went on the offensive on three fronts, the Soviet-Japanese War began. After the defeat of Nazi Germany, Japan continued to conduct military operations against the USA, the USSR and other countries. The Soviet Union, fulfilling its allied obligations, on August 8, 1945, after rejecting the offer of surrender, declared war on Japan. On August 9, our units went on the offensive on three fronts, the Soviet-Japanese War began. Within two weeks, the main force of Japan was completely defeated. Within two weeks, the main force of Japan was completely defeated. Seeing that the continuation of the war was pointless, on September 2, 1945, Japan capitulated. The defeat of Japan ended World War II. The long-awaited peace has come. Extracts from newspapers .... The Red Army destroys German soldiers and officers, if they refuse to lay down their arms and with weapons in their hands try to enslave our Motherland. Remember the words of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky: “If the enemy does not surrender, he is destroyed (...) People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR I. STALIN Pravda. February 23, 1942

Topic: "The Creation of the Red Army"

Work completed: pupil of the 9th grade Fakhrutdinova Vera Sergeevna

Checked work: history teacher Steblyuk Alena Ivanovna

• The first steps of the Bolsheviks spoke of what they really wanted
• abandon the old royal system. On December 16, 1917, a decree was adopted

• about cancellation officer ranks. Commanders were now elected by their own

• subordinates. According to the plan of the party, on the day of the creation of the Red Army, a new

• the army had to become truly democratic. Time has shown

• that these plans could not survive the trials of a bloody era.

• Despite all the shortcomings, the Red Army in the first months of the civil war was able to achieve important successes that became the key to its future unconditional victory. The Bolsheviks managed to keep Moscow and Yekaterinodar. Local uprisings were suppressed due to a noticeable numerical advantage, as well as wide popular support. Populist decrees Soviet power(especially in 1917-1918) did their job.

• During the civil war, the stages of the creation of the Red Army quickly succeeded each other. April 22, 1918 elections commanders have been cancelled. Now the heads of units, brigades and divisions were appointed by the People's Commissariat for Military Affairs. The first head of this department in November 1917 was Nikolai Podvoisky. In March 1918 he was replaced by Leon Trotsky.

• It was this man who stood at the origins of the October Revolution in Petrograd. The revolutionary led the capture of urban
• communications and Winter Palace from Smolny,

• Where was the headquarters of the Bolsheviks. On

• first stage civil war Trotsky's figure

• in terms of its scope and importance of the

• decisions were in no way inferior to the figure of Vladimir

• Lenin. Therefore, it is not surprising that Lev Davidovich

• was elected people's commissar for military

• affairs. His organizational talent in all its

• beauty manifested itself precisely in this post. At the origins

• the creation of the Red Army stood those very first

• two addicts.

• January was the month of the beginning of the Red Army. February was the month of her baptism of fire.

• On June 22, Germany started the war against the USSR. The mobilization of those liable for military service born in 1905–1918 was carried out. From the first days of the war, a mass enrollment of volunteers in the Red Army unfolded.

• 1.1918. Personal weapons, clothes, watches, gratitude to the ranks.

• 2. 09/30/1918 - Order of the Red Banner of the RSFSR.

• 3. 1918 - 1919 honorary award insignia, honorary revolutionary Red Banners, honorary award firearms.

• 4. 1924 - Order of the Red Banner of the USSR.

• January 15, 1918 - Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the creation of the Red Army.

• January 29 formation of the Red Fleet.

• 1918 - the demobilization of the old tsarist army, the recruitment of everyone into the new Red Army, and with the involvement of military experts from the tsarist army.

• April 1918 decree on compulsory military training, adoption of the first Soviet military oath.

• May 1918 - Decree on the general mobilization of workers and the poorest peasants.

• July 1918 - Law on compulsory military service.

• 1918 - 1919 opening of higher educational institutions.

• September 1918 creation of the RVSR.

• November 1918 Establishment of the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense.

• 1918 - Establishment of the first Soviet awards.

The birth of a new type of Army. At the end of November 1917, to protect
socialist revolution in
the shortest possible time to create an army
new type. At the end of November-December
1917 People's Commissariat for
military affairs instructed the Chief
Directorate of the General Staff
develop a project for the creation of a military
militia. December 8 note
of the General Staff was discussed at a meeting
Board of the People's Commissariat for
military affairs.

"Decree on the Red Army"

The meeting adopted the idea of ​​organizing
army on the territorial-militia
basis. The first piece of legislation
in the formation of a new army was
"Declaration of the Rights of the Worker and
exploited people", approved
III All-Russian Congress of Soviets 12
January 1918, which spoke of
armament of the workers. Late
on the evening of January 28, 1918, the members
Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Republic
gathered, as usual, in the "Red
room" Smolny. V.I. Lenin opened
47th meeting of the Council of People's Commissars, announced
agenda. The seventh paragraph was
formulated as follows: "The Decree on the Red
Army". On February 11, the Decree on the organization
Workers 'and Peasants' Red Fleet. Taking advantage of the military
weakness of the Soviet Republic, violating the treaty concluded with it
armistice, German and Austro-Hungarian troops on February 18
1918 went on the offensive on a broad front from the Baltic
to the Carpathians.

Lev Davidovich Trotsky.

People's Commissar for Military and Naval
Trotsky L.D. was appointed to the affairs.
As subsequent
events, it was almost
the most successful personnel
appointment of the Soviet era.
It is clear that construction
Workers' and Peasants' Red
Army (RKKA) was engaged in more than one
Trotsky, but a whole galaxy of major
military leaders and
Bolshevik politicians. At
The Red Army has many parents,
however, according to the main
military historians, no doubt
was Trotsky.

Conclusion.

Finally, the Red Army played an important role not only
as a defender of the fatherland or as an instrument of the Bolshevik
politicians outside the USSR. Trotsky's army
became almost the main forge and educator
Soviet personnel. It is in the army that numerous
the peasant masses of Russia were subjected to the first, albeit
primitive but effective socialist
processing. The peasant was trained, and not only
military, but also general literacy, fed, treated,
prepared ideologically. The army gave a ticket to life not
only to major Soviet commanders, but also to scientists,
"red directors", artists, writers.