Analysis of the results of performing diagnostic work in physics. Analysis of the results of performing diagnostic work in physics Diagnostic work in physics 10

Option 1

Part 1

1 A car on a straight road begins to accelerate with an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2 from a state of rest and after a certain period of time reaches a speed of 5 m/s. What is this period of time?

1) 0.1 s 2) 1 s 3) 2.5 s 4) 10 s

2 There are two perfectly elastic springs. A force of 6 N is applied to the first spring, and 3 N to the second. Compare the stiffness k 1 first spring with stiffness k 2 the second spring at their same elongation.

1) k 1 = k 2 2) k 1 = 2k 2 3) 2k 1 = k 2 4) k 1 = k 2

3 Two bodies are at the same height above the Earth's surface. Mass of one body m1 twice the mass of another body m2. Relative to the Earth's surface, potential energy

1) the first body is twice the potential energy of the second body

2) the second body is twice the potential energy of the first body

3) the first body is 4 times the potential energy of the second body

4) the second body is 4 times the potential energy of the first body

4 A car of mass 1 ton moving at a speed of 20 m/s starts to slow down and after a while stops. What is the total force of resistance to movement if the car travels 50 m before coming to a complete stop?

1) 400 N 2) 500 N 3) 4000 N 4) 8000 N

5 After hot water is poured into a cold glass, internal energy

1) and water, and a glass decreased

2) both water and glass increased

3) glass decreased, and water increased

4) glass increased, and water decreased

6 The figure shows a graph of alcohol temperature versus time. Initially, alcohol was in a gaseous state. Which point on the graph corresponds to the beginning of the alcohol condensation process?

1) A 2) B 3) IN 4) G

7 What type of heat transfer is predominantly carried out when warming near a fire?

1) thermal conductivity 2) convection 3) radiation 4) convection and heat conduction

8 It is necessary to experimentally find out whether the resistance force that prevents the movement of a body in air depends on the size of the body. Which of the following balls can be used?

1) A and B 2) A and B 3) A and G 4) V and D

Part 2

no need to write values.

IN 1 into a vessel with cold water lowered steel drill weighing 1 kg, heated to a temperature of 200°C. The temperature in the vessel was 50°C. How much heat was received by the water for heating? Neglect the energy losses for heating the vessel and the surrounding air. Specific heat capacity of steel 460 J/(kg⋅ ° WITH). Give your answer in kilojoules.

AT 2 A cart with a mass of 20 kg moving at a speed of 0.3 m/s overtakes another cart with a mass of 30 kg moving in the same direction at a speed of 0.2 m/s and engages with it. What is the speed of the carts after hitching? Give your answer in m/s.

Part 3

C1 Two coils of an electric stove of the same resistance are connected in parallel and connected to a network with a voltage of 220 V. What is the resistance of one coil of the stove if water weighing 2 kg, poured into an aluminum pan weighing 200 g, boils after 37 s? The initial temperature of the water and pot was 20°C. Neglect energy losses for heating the surrounding air. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg⋅°C), aluminum is 900 J/(kg⋅°C).

Entrance diagnostics in physics for grades 10

Option 2

Part 1

For each of the tasks 1 - 8, 4 answers are given, of which only one is correct.

1 The car begins to accelerate along a straight road from rest with an acceleration of 0.5 m/s 2 . What will be the speed of the car after 10 seconds?

1) 0.05 m/s 2) 0.5 m/s 3) 5 m/s 4) 20 m/s

2 There are two perfectly elastic springs. Under the action of the same force, the first spring lengthened by 6 cm, and the second by 3 cm. Compare the stiffness k 1 spring stiffness k 2 second.

1) k 1 = k 2 2) 4 k 1 = k 2 3) 2k 1 = k 2 4) k 1 = 2k 2

3 The kinetic energy of a body of mass 100 g that has slid off inclined plane, is equal to 0.2 J. What is the height of the inclined plane? Ignore friction.

1) 0.1 m 2) 0.2 m 3) 1m 4) 2 m

4 The body moves along the table surface under the action of a horizontal thrust force of 0.2 N with an acceleration equal to 0.8 m/s 2 . The friction force is 0.08 N. What is the mass of this body?

1) 0.15 kg 2) 0.33 kg 3) 1.5 kg 4) 3.3 kg

5 When a liquid turns into a vapor, the size of the intermolecular gaps ...

1. does not change.

2. can both increase and decrease.

3. decreases.

4. increases.

6 The figure shows a graph of the dependence of water temperature on time. The initial water temperature is 50 °C. What state is the water in at time τ 1 ?

1) only in gaseous

2) only in liquid

3) part of the water is in the liquid state and part of the water is in the gaseous state

4) part of the water is in a liquid state, and part of the water is in a crystalline state

7 How can heat transfer be carried out between bodies separated by airless space?

1) only by conduction

2) only by convection

3) only with radiation

4) all three ways

8 It is necessary to establish experimentally whether the buoyancy force depends on the volume of the body immersed in the liquid. Which set of aluminum and copper metal cylinders can be used for this purpose?

1) only A 2) only B 3) A or B 4) A or B

Part 2

When performing tasks, the answer must be written as a number in the specified units. Units of physical no need to write values.

IN 1 A tin body, when cooled by 20 degrees, releases an amount of heat equal to 9200 J. What is the mass of this body? The specific heat capacity of tin is 230 J/(kg⋅°C). Give your answer in kg.

AT 2 A cart of mass 20 kg moving at a speed of 0.5 m/s is coupled with another cart of mass 30 kg moving towards it at a speed of 0.2 m/s. What is the speed of the carts after coupling, when the carts move together? Give your answer in m/s

Part 3

For part 3, you should give a detailed answer.

C1 Two spirals of an electric stove with a resistance of 10 ohms each are connected in parallel and connected to a network with a voltage of 220 V. Water weighing 1 kg, poured into an aluminum pan weighing 300 g, boiled after 37 seconds. What is the initial temperature of the water and pot? Neglect energy losses for heating the surrounding air. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/(kg⋅°C), aluminum is 900 J/(kg⋅°C).

The purpose of the work: to identify the assimilation by students of the mandatory minimum of knowledge and skills; assess the knowledge, skills and abilities of students on the following topics: possession of basic concepts and laws; 1. Knowledge / understanding: physical quantities characterizing: - rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. - kinematics of periodic motion. - amplitude, frequency, period of oscillation of the pendulum; - body momentum - magnetic induction vector, Ampere force, magnetic flux 2. Knowledge of the law and its practical use: - be able to write the equation of coordinates, the equation of speed; - Newton's second law; - the law of conservation of momentum - the law gravity; free fall of bodies; be able to write down: - speed equation; - Newton's second law in vector form and in projections on the X and Y axes; - determine the momentum of the body, if the speed of the body and its mass are known. 3. Perceive, process, present educational information: - be able to determine its parameters, the nature of movement from the equation of motion; - determine: movement; speed, time, acceleration. oscillation period, magnetic induction vector, magnetic flux, Purpose of the work: to identify the assimilation by students of the mandatory minimum of knowledge and skills; assess the knowledge, skills and abilities of students on the following topics: possession of basic concepts and laws; 1.Knowledge / understanding: physical quantities characterizing: - rectilinear uniformly accelerated motion. - kinematics of periodic motion. - amplitude, frequency, period of oscillation of the pendulum; - body momentum - magnetic induction vector, Ampere force, magnetic flux 2. Knowledge of the law and its practical use:

150.000₽ prize fund 11 documents of honor Evidence of publication in the media

Characteristics of test materials

The diagnostic work was carried out in order to determine the level of mastering by students of the 8th grade of the subject content of the physics course for the 7th and partially 8th grades according to the completed program and to identify the content elements that cause the greatest difficulties.

To carry out the initial diagnostics of knowledge and skills in physics for 8th grade students, a set of tests (3 options) was developed. The proposed tasks were aimed at diagnosing the assimilation basic elements the content of the course of physics in grades 7-8, necessary for the successful continuation of the study of physics in grades 8-9.

The diagnostic work covered educational material in the following sections:

1) the structure of matter (molecules; structure of solids, liquids and gases; thermal motion of molecules);

2) thermal phenomena (internal energy and ways to change it; the amount of heat; melting and crystallization, evaporation and condensation; the law of conservation of energy in thermal processes);

3) electrical phenomena (electrification of bodies; conductors and insulators; the law of conservation of electric charge).

Diagnostic work checked the formation of the following activities:

− knowledge of physical concepts and quantities;

− knowledge and understanding of physical laws;

− understanding of physical phenomena and processes;

− ability to apply physical devices;

− ability to solve problems.

Each option diagnostic work consisted of 10 tasks: 8 tasks with the choice of one correct answer from four proposed and 2 tasks with a short answer.

The work presented tasks of basic and reduced levels of complexity. Tasks with a short answer were estimated at 2 points. For the correct performance of the remaining tasks, 1 point was given. Maximum score, which could be obtained for the correct performance of all the work - 12 points. The time to complete the work is 40 minutes.

The scale for setting marks for the test in accordance with the range of test scores is presented in Table 1.

Table 1

The main results of the diagnostic work

The work in physics was carried out by 3 students of the 8th grade: Jamilya, Timur, Andrey.

The distribution of students by the number of test scores received is shown in Diagram 1. Average test score is equal to 9.5 points, the average percentage of test completion is 56%.

Table 2 shows the distribution of marks received for performing diagnostic work, and GPA performance of the test by students with different levels development. The share of students who have not reached a sufficient level of mastery educational material(completed less than 4 tasks), amounted to 1% (Andrey).

Only Timur from the number of those tested demonstrated good level preparation, but none of the students scored the maximum score.

Table 2.

Analysis of the results of performing diagnostic work in physics

Table 3 and Diagram 1 present the average results of completing tasks on the topics being tested.

Table 3

date	Controlled Content Element	Average % completed
07.12.15	The structure of matter	71,1
07.12.15	Properties of gases, liquids and solids	88,0
07.12.15	Thermal motion of molecules	70,6
07.12.15	Internal energy	81,1
07.12.15	Ways to change internal energy	66,2
07.12.15	The law of conservation of energy in thermal processes	58,4
07.12.15	Evaporation and condensation	68,7
07.12.15	Specific heat of fusion	19,3
14.12.15	Electrification of bodies	43,7
14.12.15	The law of conservation of electric charge	44,7
14.12.15	Conductors and insulators	31,8
14.12.15	Average test completion percentage

Diagram 1

Average results of completing assignments on the topics tested

Table 4 and Diagram 2 show the average results of mastering controlled activities by 8th grade students.

Table 4

Code		Average % completed
9_1.1		44,4
9_1.2		74,8
9_1.3		34,5
9_1.4		56,0
9_2.3	Ability to analyze results experimental studies, including those expressed in the form of a table or graph.	58,5
9_2.4		54,9
9_3	Solving problems of various types and levels of complexity	23,6

Diagram 2

Average results of task completion by audited types of activities

Data analysis allows us to state that 8th grade students have mastered most of the physical concepts and physical quantities being tested on the topic "Thermal phenomena":

− structure of solids, liquids and gases;

− thermal motion of molecules;

− internal energy and ways to change it.

On the topics “Electrical and magnetic phenomena”, the formation of such concepts as conductors and insulators, the interaction of permanent magnets was checked. The level of mastering these concepts turned out to be lower than planned.

The diagnostic results showed that the students had difficulty in analyzing the phenomenon of electrification. Short answer questions were even more difficult.

The diagnostic work included tasks that check the formation of experimental skills. Problematic tasks turned out to be new for diagnostics in physics tasks for describing a real electrical circuit from a photograph.

Task examples

All tasks of the diagnostic work, except for the last two tasks, did not require calculations, but tested the mastery of physical concepts and understanding of physical phenomena and laws.

The task included in the diagnostic work basic level difficulty with a short answer (for correspondence), which checks the formation of such concepts as a physical quantity and a physical phenomenon. Students successfully identify from the list of given examples physical phenomena, but sometimes they do not distinguish between physical quantities and units of measurement.

In the task given in example 1, two students (Jamilya and Andrey) attributed not “temperature”, but “degree Celsius” to a physical quantity.

Example 1(The correct answer 34 was chosen by Timur - 33% of the tested, and the answer 24 was given by 67% of the students, i.e. two students:

Match between physical concepts and examples of these concepts: for each position from the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column, indicated by a number.

CONCEPTS EXAMPLES

A) physical quantity 1) thermometer

B) physical phenomenon 2) degree Celsius

3) temperature

4) melting

Write down the selected numbers in the table.

A	B

Almost all tasks on the topic "Electrical and magnetic phenomena" showed a low percentage of completion. This is a rather alarming result that can affect the success of studying the topic "Electromagnetic Phenomena" in the 9th grade. Traditionally, students experience difficulties in completing assignments for describing the process of electrification (example 2).

Example 2 (percentage of completion -33% - 1 student - Timur)

A positively charged glass rod was brought to the ball at the end of the rod of an uncharged electroscope, without touching it (see figure). leaflets

electroscope diverged at a certain angle. What happens

with the charge of an electroscope?

1) The electroscope will remain generally neutral, but the charges will be redistributed: there will be a lack of electrons on the leaves, and an excess of electrons at the upper end of the rod. (33% - correct answer)

2) The electroscope will remain generally neutral, but the charges will be redistributed: there will be an excess of electrons on the leaves, and a lack of electrons at the upper end of the rod. (33%)

3) Both the leaves and the electroscope rod will acquire a negative charge (0%).

4) Both the leaves and the rod of the electroscope will acquire a positive charge. (33%)

A low percentage of completion of tasks for electrification indicates that students have not formed a model of the structure of a metal conductor, the concept of free electrons. Moreover, as the diagnostic results showed, students do not distinguish between conductors and insulators (example 3).

Example 3(percentage of completion - 33%)

The figure shows identical electroscopes connected by a rod. What material can this rod be made of?

1) only A (0%) 2) only B (67%) 3) both A and B (0%) 4) neither A nor B (33% - correct)

Eighth graders were unable to separate materials into conductors and dielectrics according to the classic demonstration experiment with two electrometers. But it is with the help of this experiment in the 8th grade that the concept of conductors and non-conductors of electricity is introduced.

The lack of ideas about free charges makes it difficult for students to complete and explain the task on the law of conservation of electric charge (example 4).

Example 4(percentage of completion - 33%)

One of the two identical balls was given a charge of -10q, the other - a charge of +2q. Then the balls were connected with a thin conductor. The charges of the balls after the connection will become the same and equal

1) - 4q (33% - correct answer) 2) - 6q (0%) 3) - 12q (0%) 4) - 8q (67%)

It should be noted that the load of tasks with graphic information (for example, the inclusion of real experimental schemes or photographs in tasks) leads to a noticeable decrease in the percentage of task completion. So, students successfully answer questions about the interaction of the poles of permanent magnets (example 5), but have difficulty in determining the poles of two permanent magnets for the case when the interaction should be analyzed from a photograph of a real experiment (example 6). This indicates that the students did not observe the pictures magnetic field strip magnet obtained with iron filings.

Example 5(percentage of completion - 67%)

A permanent bar magnet was brought to a magnetic needle (the north pole is shaded in the figure), which can rotate around a vertical axis perpendicular to the plane of the figure. In this case, the arrow 1) rotates 180° (0%) 2) rotates 90° clockwise (33%) 3) rotates 90° counterclockwise (67% - correct answer) 4) remains in the same position (0 %)

Example 6(percentage of completion - 33%)

The figure shows a pattern of magnetic field lines obtained using iron filings from two bar magnets. In this case, the magnetic needle turned as shown in the figure. Which poles of bar magnets correspond to regions 1 and 2?

1) 1 – north pole, 2 - south (0%) 2) 2 - north pole, 1 - south (33%) 3) and 1, and 2 - north pole (33% - correct answer) 4) and 1, and 2 - south pole ( 33%)

About insufficient experimental experience eighth graders are also evidenced by the results of completing tasks for analyzing the correctness of turning on electrical devices (voltmeter and ammeter) from photographs of electrical circuits. Only half of the schoolchildren completed the task that tested the ability to determine the purpose of a voltmeter in an electrical circuit (example 7). This task well differentiates students with different levels of development. The task of determining the correct connection of devices (example 8, table 6) almost equally failed all students. More than half of those tested did not pay attention to the polarity 11 of switching on devices.

Example 7 (percentage of completion - 50%)

The student collected electrical circuit(virtually) shown in the figure.

Which statement is true?

1) The voltmeter is connected to the electrical circuit with the polarity of the connection reversed. (33%)

2) When the key is closed, the voltmeter will show the voltage across the resistor R2. (67% - correct answer)

3) When the key is closed, the voltmeter will show the total electrical voltage across resistors R1 and R2. (0%) 12

4) The ammeter is connected to the electrical circuit with the polarity of the connection reversed. (0%)

Example 8 (percentage of completion - 14%) To measure the strength of the current passing through the lamp, and the electrical voltage on the lamp, the student assembled the electrical circuit shown in the figure.

What devices (ammeter and (or) voltmeter) are included in the electrical circuit correctly?

1) ammeter only (33%)

2) only voltmeter (33%)

3) both ammeter and voltmeter (0%)

4) neither an ammeter nor a voltmeter (33% is the correct answer)

Table 7 presents data on the development of activities by students who received different grades.

Table 7

Controlled activity	Average % completion of tasks by students
"2"	"3"	"4"	"5"
Knowledge and understanding of the meaning of concepts	33,3	33,3	-	33,3
Knowledge and understanding of the meaning of physical quantities	33,3	33,3	33,3	-
Knowledge and understanding of the meaning of physical laws	33,3	33,3	33,3	-
Ability to describe and explain physical phenomena	-	33,3	33,3	33,3
Ability to analyze the results of experimental studies.	-	66,7	-	33,3
Ability to use physical instruments and measuring instruments for direct and indirect measurements physical quantities	-	66,7	-	33,3
Solution simple tasks various types	33,3	33,3	33,3	-

As can be seen from the above tables, the tasks of the diagnostic work, both in content and in the types of activities being checked, well differentiate students with different levels of development.

Description of the level of preparation of students who received various marks on testing

Categories of test participants	Level Description
Mark "5". points - 9-12 Percentage of students in this category - no Average percentage of assignments completed - 0	Students who received an excellent mark on the test would demonstrate proficiency in sufficient high level all checked content elements. Students in this category are fully proficient in all audited activities.
Mark "4" points - 7-9 Students in this category - 33.3% Average percentage of tasks completed 67%	Timur showed mastery of all controlled content elements (completion of tasks of the basic level above 65%), with the exception of the following: - description of the electrification of bodies; − application of the law of conservation of electric charge and the law of light reflection; − recognition of conductors and dielectrics according to the experimental scheme. Timur revealed an insufficient level of mastering the skills to solve calculation problems
Mark "3" points - 4-6 Students in this category - 33.3% Average percentage of assignments completed 39%	Jamila with a satisfactory level of training, demonstrated the unsystematic nature of physical knowledge, having completed only individual tasks basic level of complexity on the topics "Structure of matter" and "Thermal phenomena": - description of the properties of gases, liquids and solids; − Understanding the dependence of internal energy on temperature. Of the controlled activities, the level of development was achieved only for tasks for the knowledge and description of individual physical quantities
Mark "2". points - 0 - 3 Percentage of students in this category - 33.3% Average percentage of assignments completed 18%	Andrey with an unsatisfactory level of training showed low level mastery of physical knowledge and skills. It lacks fully learned controlled content elements and fully formed activities. He studies at our Center for the first year, the first quarter was ill for a long time.

conclusions

1) 67% of 8th grade students, according to the results of diagnostics, have basic knowledge and skills in physics. At the same time, 33.3% of those tested (Timur) showed good (good???) results.

2) The tasks on the topic “Thermal phenomena” had the highest percentage of completion, although this section was studied in the first half of the 8th grade. Tasks on topics from the sections "Electrical and magnetic phenomena" on average had a significantly lower percentage of completion.

3) An analysis of the results of diagnostic work indicates that students do not have sufficient experimental skills, as well as the ability to apply physical laws when solving computational problems and analyzing physical processes.

The following results are obtained:

Timur and Jamila have an average level of logical development

thinking

Andrey has a low level of development logical thinking

Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn and a number of common features characteristic of most adolescents with delayed mental development:

Rapid fatigue, reduced performance due to the phenomena of cerebrostenia in children, psychomotor disinhibition, excitability;

Lack of abstract thinking

Underdevelopment of spatial representations

- medium (low???) level cognitive activity;

Instability of attention, violations of the speed of switching attention, its volume is reduced;

Memory is limited in volume, short-term over long-term, mechanical over logical prevails;

Lack of sufficiently persistent interest in the proposed task;

insufficient purposefulness of activity; low activity, comprehend the work as a whole, understand the causes of errors;

Children's verbal reports of actions performed are not accurate enough. It is sometimes easier for a teenager to perform an action according to instructions than to talk about what has been done.

A significant delay in the development of inner speech makes it difficult for children to form the ability to predict and self-regulate activities.

All of the above, of course, are the reasons for the difficulties that students with mental retardation experience in learning activities and necessitates special corrective work.

To activate the mental activity of adolescents with mental retardation, we use the technique of creating problem situations in physics lessons that correspond to individual characteristics this category of children.

OPTION 1

A-1

The figure shows graphs of four state change processes constant mass ideal gas. Isochoric heating is a process

(1 point)

A-2

During the experiment, the internal energy of the gas decreased by 40 kJ, and it did the work of 35 kJ. Therefore, as a result of heat exchange, the gas gave off environment amount of heat equal to

75 kJ

40 kJ

35 kJ

5 kJ

(1 point)

A-3

The figure shows a graph of the dependence of temperature solid body from the amount of heat given to them. Body weight 4 kg. What is the specific heat capacity of the substance of this body?

0.002 J/(kgK)

0.5 J/(kgK)

500 J/(kgK)

40000 J/(kgK)

(1 point)

A-4

Distance between dots electric charges increased by 2 times. The value of one of the charges was reduced by 2 times. Force of interaction between charges

Decreased by 2 times

Decreased by 4 times

Decreased by 8 times

Hasn't changed

(1 point)

A-5

In the process of electrification by friction of two bodies, one of them turned out to have a negative charge. What is the charge on the second body?

Negative

Positive

Its charge has not changed.

The answer depends on the substances from which the bodies are made.

(1 point)

Part B

IN 1

A monatomic ideal gas in an isothermal process does work A gas >0. How do the volume, pressure and internal energy of this gas change in this process?

will increase

will decrease

Will not change

Volume

Pressure

Internal energy of gas

(2 points)

AT 2

In a vessel with a capacity of 500 cm3 3 contains 0.9 g of hydrogen (relative molecular mass equal to 2) at a temperature of 17 0 C. Determine the gas pressure. The universal gas constant is 8.31

(2 points)

Task with a detailed answer (solve the problem)

C-1

A body falls freely from a height of 40 m from rest. At what point in its trajectory kinetic energy three times the potential energy? (neglect air resistance)

(3 points)

Diagnostic work in physics Grade 10

OPTION 2

Part A (multiple choice tasks)

A-1

The figures show graphs of the dependence of the volume of 1 mole of an ideal gas on temperature for various processes. Which graph corresponds to the isobaric process?

(1 point)

A-2

In a cylindrical vessel under the piston is an ideal gas, the pressure of which is 4 10 5 Pa and temperature 300 K. How should the volume of gas be changed without changing its temperature so that the pressure increases to 0.8 10 6 Pa?

increase by 2 times

increase 4 times

decrease by 2 times

decrease by 4 times

(1 point)

A-3

How much work is done by the gas in going from state 1 to state 3?

10 kJ

20 kJ

30 kJ

40 kJ

(1 point)

A-4

How will the force of the Coulomb interaction of two point charges change if the distance between them is reduced by 3 times?

Will increase 3 times

Will increase 9 times

Decrease by 3 times

Decrease by 9 times

Will not change

(1 point)

A-5

The strength of the electrostatic field in which the charge wasq, increased by 2 times. How many times has the force acting on this charge changed?

Hasn't changed

Increased 4 times

Decreased by 4 times

Increased by 2 times

(1 point)

Part B

Compliance task

IN 1

Plasticine ball massmflies at speedvon the same ball at rest. After a perfectly inelastic collision, the balls move together. How will the momentum of the system of balls, the speed of the first ball and its kinetic energy change as a result of the collision?

For each value, determine the appropriate nature of the change (put the appropriate number in the table):

Increases , a boy of mass 50 kg jumps from the stern in the direction opposite to the movement of the boat with a speed of 7 . What is the speed of the boat after the boy's jump?

(3 points)

Keys to diagnostic work in physics for grade 10

Option 1 (Part A)

Option 2 (Part A)