The Russian principalities before the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the Muscovite state after gaining legal independence are, as they say, two big differences. It will not be an exaggeration that one Russian state, whose direct successor is modern Russia, was formed during the period of the yoke and under its influence. The overthrow of the Tatar-Mongol yoke was not only the cherished goal of Russian self-consciousness during the second half of the 13th-15th centuries. It also turned out to be a means of creating a state, a national mentality and cultural identity.
Approaching the Battle of Kulikovo...
The idea of most people about the process of overthrowing the Tatar-Mongol yoke comes down to a very simplified scheme, according to which, before the Battle of Kulikovo, Rus' was enslaved by the Horde and did not even think about resistance, and after the Battle of Kulikovo, the yoke lasted another hundred years simply due to a misunderstanding. In reality, everything was more complicated.
The fact that the Russian principalities, although they generally recognized their vassal position in relation to the Golden Horde, did not stop trying to resist, is evidenced by a simple historical fact. From the moment the yoke was established and throughout its entire length, about 60 major punitive campaigns, invasions and large-scale raids of the Horde troops on Rus' are known from Russian chronicles. Obviously, in the case of completely conquered lands, such efforts are not required - which means that Rus' resisted, actively resisted for centuries.
The Horde detachments suffered their first significant military defeat on the territory controlled by Rus' about a hundred years before the Battle of Kulikovo. True, this battle took place during the internecine war for the grand throne of the Vladimir principality, which flared up between the sons of Alexander Nevsky 
. In 1285, Andrei Alexandrovich attracted the Horde prince Eltorai to his side and set off with his army against his brother Dmitry Alexandrovich, who reigned in Vladimir. As a result, Dmitry Alexandrovich won a convincing victory over the Tatar-Mongolian punitive corps.
Further, individual victories in military clashes with the Horde happened, although not too often, but with stable constancy. Distinguished by peacefulness and a penchant for political solutions to all issues, the Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich, the youngest son of Nevsky, in 1301 defeated the Mongol detachment near Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky. In 1317, Mikhail of Tverskoy defeated the army of Kavgady, which was attracted to his side by Yuri of Moscow.
The closer to the Battle of Kulikovo, the more confident the Russian principalities became, and unrest and unrest were observed in the Golden Horde, which could not but affect the balance of military forces.
In 1365, the Ryazan forces defeated the Horde detachment near the Shishevsky forest, in 1367 the Suzdal army won a victory on Pyan. Finally, in 1378, Dmitry of Moscow, the future Donskoy, won his dress rehearsal in the confrontation with the Horde: on the Vozha River, he defeated the army under the command of Murza Begich, close to Mamai.
The overthrow of the Tatar-Mongol yoke: the great Battle of Kulikovo
Once again, it is unnecessary to talk about the significance of the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380, as well as to retell the details of its immediate course. Since childhood, everyone has known the dramatic details of how Mamai's army pressed on the center of the Russian army and how, at the most decisive moment, the Ambush Regiment hit the rear of the Horde and their allies, which changed the fate of the battle. As well as it is well known that for the Russian self-consciousness it became an event of great importance, as for the first time after the establishment of the yoke Russian army was able to give a large-scale battle to the invader and win. But it is worth remembering that the victory in the Battle of Kulikovo, for all its great moral significance, did not lead to the overthrow of the yoke.
Dmitry Donskoy managed to take advantage of the difficult political situation in the Golden Horde and embody their military abilities and the fighting spirit of their own army. However, two years later, Moscow was taken by the forces of the legitimate Khan of the Horde Tokhtamysh (Temnik Mamai was a temporary usurper) and almost completely destroyed.
The young Moscow principality was not yet ready to fight on equal terms with the weakened, but still powerful Horde. Tokhtamysh imposed an increased tribute on the principality (the previous tribute was retained at the same rate, but the population was actually halved; in addition, an emergency tax was introduced). Dmitry Donskoy undertook to send his eldest son Vasily to the Horde as a hostage. But political power over Moscow, the Horde has already lost - Prince Dmitry Ivanovich managed to transfer power by inheritance on his own, without any label from the khan. In addition, a few years later Tokhtamysh was defeated by another eastern conqueror, Timur, and for a certain period Rus' stopped paying tribute.
In the 15th century, tribute was generally paid with serious fluctuations, taking advantage of more and more constant periods of internal instability in the Horde. In the 1430s - 1450s, the Horde rulers undertook several devastating campaigns against Rus' - however, in fact, these were already predatory raids, and not attempts to restore political supremacy.
In fact, the yoke did not end in 1480 ...
In school exam papers on the history of Russia, the correct answer to the question “When and with what event did the period of the Tatar-Mongol yoke in Rus' end?” will be considered "In 1480, Standing on the Ugra River." In fact, this is the correct answer - but from a formal point of view, it does not correspond to historical reality.
Indeed, in 1476 the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III refused to pay tribute to the Khan of the Great Horde, Akhmat. Until 1480, Akhmat dealt with his other opponent, Crimean Khanate, after which he decided to punish the recalcitrant Russian ruler. The two armies met near the Ugra River in September 1380. An attempt by the Horde to cross the river was thwarted by Russian troops. After that, the Stand itself began, which lasted until the beginning of November. As a result, Ivan III was able to force Akhmat to retreat without unnecessary loss of life. First, there were strong reinforcements on the approach to the Russians. Secondly, Akhmat's cavalry began to experience a shortage of fodder, and illness began in the army itself. Thirdly, the Russians sent a sabotage detachment to the rear of Akhmat, which was supposed to plunder the defenseless capital of the Horde.
As a result, the khan ordered a retreat - and on this the Tatar-Mongol yoke lasting almost 250 years ended. However, from a formal diplomatic position, Ivan III and the Muscovite state remained in vassal dependence on the Great Horde for another 38 years. In 1481, Khan Akhmat was killed, and another wave of struggle for power arose in the Horde. In the difficult conditions of the late XV - early XVI centuries, Ivan III was not sure that the Horde would not be able to mobilize its forces again and organize a new large-scale campaign against Rus'. Therefore, being in fact a sovereign ruler and no longer paying tribute to the Horde, for diplomatic reasons, in 1502 he officially recognized himself as a vassal of the Great Horde. But soon the Horde was finally defeated by eastern enemies, so that in 1518 all vassal relations, even at a formal level, between the Muscovite state and the Horde were terminated.
Alexander Babitsky
Mongolian Tatar yoke- the dependent position of the Russian principalities from the states of the Mongol-Tatars for two hundred years from the beginning of the Mongol-Tatar invasion in 1237 to 1480. It was expressed in the political and economic subordination of the Russian princes from the rulers of the first Mongol Empire, and after its collapse - the Golden Horde.Mongolo-Tatars are all nomadic peoples living in the Trans-Volga region and further to the East, with whom Rus' fought in the 13th-15th centuries. Named after one of the tribes
“In 1224 an unknown people appeared; an unheard-of army came, godless Tatars, about whom no one knows very well who they are and where they came from, and what kind of language they have, and what tribe they are, and what faith they have ... "
(I. Brekov “The World of History: Russian Lands in the 13th-15th Centuries”)
Mongol-Tatar invasion
- 1206 - Congress of the Mongol nobility (kurultai), at which Temujin was elected leader of the Mongol tribes, who received the name Genghis Khan (Great Khan)
- 1219 - The beginning of the three-year conquest campaign of Genghis Khan in Central Asia
- 1223, May 31 - The first battle of the Mongols and the united Russian-Polovtsian army near the borders Kievan Rus, on the Kalka River, near the Sea of Azov
- 1227 - Death of Genghis Khan. Power in the Mongolian state passed to his grandson Batu (Batu Khan)
- 1237 - The beginning of the Mongol-Tatar invasion. The Batu army crossed the Volga in its middle course and invaded the borders of North-Eastern Rus'
- 1237, December 21 - Ryazan is taken by the Tatars
- 1238, January - Kolomna is taken
- February 7, 1238 - Vladimir is taken
- February 8, 1238 - Suzdal is taken
- 1238, March 4 - Pal Torzhok
- 1238, March 5 - The battle of the squad of Moscow Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich with the Tatars near the Sit River. The death of Prince Yuri
- 1238, May - Capture of Kozelsk
- 1239-1240 - Batu's army encamped in the Don steppe
- 1240 - Devastation by the Mongols of Pereyaslavl, Chernigov
- 1240, December 6 - Kyiv destroyed
- 1240, end of December - The Russian principalities of Volhynia and Galicia are destroyed
- 1241 - Batu's army returned to Mongolia
- 1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde, the state from the Danube to the Irtysh, with the capital Saray in the lower reaches of the Volga
The Russian principalities retained statehood, but were subject to tribute. In total, there were 14 types of tribute, including directly in favor of the Khan - 1300 kg of silver per year. In addition, the khans of the Golden Horde reserved the right to appoint or overthrow the princes of Moscow, who were supposed to receive a label in Sarai for a great reign. The power of the Horde over Russia lasted more than two centuries. It was a time of complex political games, when the Russian princes either united with each other for the sake of some momentary benefits, or were at enmity, while at the same time attracting the Mongol detachments as allies with might and main. A significant role in the politics of that time was played by the western borders Rus', the Polish-Lithuanian state, Sweden, the German knightly orders in the Baltic states, the free republics of Novgorod and Pskov. Creating alliances with each other and against each other, with the Russian principalities, the Golden Horde, they waged endless wars
In the first decades of the fourteenth century, the rise of the Moscow principality began, which gradually became the political center and collector of Russian lands.
August 11, 1378 Moscow army Prince Dmitry defeated the Mongols in the battle on the Vazha River On September 8, 1380, the Moscow army of Prince Dmitry defeated the Mongols in the battle on the Kulikovo field. And although in 1382 Mongolian khan Tokhtamysh plundered and burned Moscow, the myth of the invincibility of the Tatars collapsed. Gradually, the state itself Golden Horde has fallen into disrepair. It split into the khanates of Siberia, Uzbek, Kazan (1438), Crimean (1443), Kazakh, Astrakhan (1459), Nogai Horde. Of all the tributaries, only Rus' remained with the Tatars, but she also periodically rebelled. In 1408, the Moscow prince Vasily I refused to pay tribute to the Golden Horde, after which Khan Edigey made a devastating campaign, robbing Pereyaslavl, Rostov, Dmitrov, Serpukhov, Nizhny Novgorod. In 1451, Moscow Prince Vasily the Dark again refuses to pay. The raids of the Tatars are fruitless. Finally, in 1480, Prince Ivan III officially refused to submit to the Horde. The Mongol-Tatar yoke ended.
Lev Gumilyov about the Tatar-Mongol yoke
- “The army of Batu, who opposed the Polovtsy, with whom the Mongols had been at war since 1216, in 1237-1238 passed through Rus' to the rear of the Polovtsy, and forced them to flee to Hungary. At the same time, Ryazan and fourteen cities in the Vladimir principality were destroyed. In total, there were about three hundred cities there at that time. The Mongols did not leave garrisons anywhere, they did not impose tribute on anyone, being content with indemnities, horses and food, which was done in those days by any army during the offensive "
- (As a result) “Great Russia, then called Zalessky Ukraine, voluntarily united with the Horde, thanks to the efforts of Alexander Nevsky, who became the adopted son of Batu. And the primordial Ancient Rus' - Belarus, Kiev region, Galicia with Volhynia - almost without resistance submitted to Lithuania and Poland. And now, around Moscow - the "golden belt" of ancient cities, which remained intact under the "yoke", and in Belarus and Galicia there were not even traces of Russian culture left. Novgorod was defended from the German knights by Tatar help in 1269. And where the Tatar help was neglected, everyone lost. In the place of Yuryev - Derpt, now Tartu, in the place of Kolyvan - Revol, now Tallinn; Riga closed the river route along the Dvina for Russian trade; Berdichev and Bratslav - Polish castles - blocked the roads to the "Wild Field", once the fatherland of Russian princes, thereby taking control of Ukraine. In 1340 Rus' disappeared from political map Europe. It was revived in 1480 in Moscow, on the eastern outskirts of former Rus'. And its core, ancient Kievan Rus, captured by Poland and oppressed, had to be saved in the 18th century.
- “I believe that Batu’s“ invasion ”was actually a big raid, a cavalry raid, and further developments have only an indirect connection with this campaign. IN Ancient Rus' the word "yoke" meant something that fastens something, a bridle or collar. It also existed in the meaning of a burden, that is, something that is carried. The word “yoke” in the meaning of “domination”, “oppression” was first recorded only under Peter I. The Union of Moscow and the Horde was kept as long as it was mutually beneficial”
The term "Tatar yoke" originates in Russian historiography, as well as the provision about his overthrow by Ivan III, from Nikolai Karamzin, who used it as an artistic epithet in the original meaning of “a collar worn around the neck” (“they bowed the neck under the yoke of the barbarians”), possibly borrowing this term from the Polish author XVI century Maciej Miechowski
It has long been no secret that there was no "Tatar-Mongol yoke", and no Tatars with Mongols conquered Rus'. But who falsified history and why? What was hidden behind the Tatar-Mongol yoke? Bloody Christianization of Rus'...
Exists a large number of facts that not only unequivocally refute the hypothesis of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, but also indicate that history was deliberately distorted, and that this was done with a very specific purpose ... But who deliberately distorted history and why? What real events did they want to hide and why?
If we analyze the historical facts, it becomes obvious that the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" was invented in order to hide the consequences of the "baptism" of Kievan Rus. After all, this religion was imposed in a far from peaceful way ... In the process of "baptism" most of the population of the Kyiv principality was destroyed! It definitely becomes clear that those forces that were behind the imposition of this religion, in the future, fabricated history, juggling historical facts for themselves and their goals ...
These facts are known to historians and are not secret, they are publicly available, and anyone can easily find them on the Internet. Omitting scientific research and justification, which have already been described quite extensively, let's summarize the main facts that refute the big lie about the "Tatar-Mongol yoke".
French engraving by Pierre Duflos (1742-1816)
1. Genghis Khan
Previously, in Rus', 2 people were responsible for governing the state: the Prince and the Khan. The prince was responsible for governing the state in peacetime. Khan or "war prince" took over the reins of government during the war, in peacetime he was responsible for the formation of the horde (army) and maintaining it in combat readiness.
Genghis Khan is not a name, but the title of "war prince", which, in modern world, close to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Army. And there were several people who bore such a title. The most prominent of them was Timur, it is about him that they usually talk about when they talk about Genghis Khan.
In the surviving historical documents, this man is described as a tall warrior with blue eyes, very white skin, powerful reddish hair and a thick beard. Which clearly does not correspond to the signs of a representative of the Mongoloid race, but fully fits the description of the Slavic appearance (L.N. Gumilyov - “Ancient Rus' and the Great Steppe”.).
In modern "Mongolia" there is not a single folk epic, which would say that this country once conquered almost all of Eurasia in ancient times, just like there is nothing about the great conqueror Genghis Khan ... (N.V. Levashov "Visible and invisible genocide").
Reconstruction of the throne of Genghis Khan with a family tamga with a swastika
2. Mongolia
The state of Mongolia appeared only in the 1930s, when the Bolsheviks came to the nomads living in the Gobi desert and informed them that they were the descendants of the great Mongols, and their “compatriot” created the Great Empire at one time, which they were very surprised and delighted with . The word "Mogul" is of Greek origin and means "Great". This word the Greeks called our ancestors - the Slavs. It has nothing to do with the name of any people (N.V. Levashov "Visible and invisible genocide").
3. The composition of the army "Tatar-Mongols"
70-80% of the army of the "Tatar-Mongols" were Russians, the remaining 20-30% were other small peoples of Rus', in fact, as now. This fact is clearly confirmed by a fragment of the icon of Sergius of Radonezh "The Battle of Kulikovo". It clearly shows that the same warriors are fighting on both sides. And this fight is more like civil war than to go to war with a foreign conqueror.
The museum description of the icon reads: “... In the 1680s. an attachment with a picturesque legend about the “Mamaev Battle” was added. On the left side of the composition, cities and villages are depicted that sent their soldiers to help Dmitry Donskoy - Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Rostov, Novgorod, Ryazan, the village of Kurba near Yaroslavl and others. On the right is Mamaia's camp. In the center of the composition is the scene of the Battle of Kulikovo with the duel between Peresvet and Chelubey. On the lower field - a meeting of the victorious Russian troops, the burial of dead heroes and the death of Mamai.
In all these pictures, taken both from Russians and European sources, the battles of the Russians with the Mongol-Tatars are depicted, but nowhere is it possible to determine who is Russian and who is Tatar. Moreover, in the latter case, both the Russians and the "Mongol-Tatars" are dressed in almost the same gilded armor and helmets, and fight under the same banners with the image of the Savior Not Made by Hands. Another thing is that the "Spas" of the two warring parties, most likely, was different.
4. What did the "Tatar-Mongols" look like?
Pay attention to the drawing of the tomb of Henry II the Pious, who was killed on the Legnica field.
The inscription is as follows: “The figure of a Tatar under the feet of Henry II, Duke of Silesia, Krakow and Poland, placed on the grave in Breslau of this prince, who was killed in the battle with the Tatars at Liegnitz on April 9, 1241.” As we can see, this "Tatar" has a completely Russian appearance, clothes and weapons.
In the next image - "the Khan's palace in the capital of the Mongol Empire, Khanbalik" (it is believed that Khanbalik is allegedly Beijing).
What is "Mongolian" and what is "Chinese" here? Again, as in the case of the tomb of Henry II, before us are people of a clearly Slavic appearance. Russian caftans, archer caps, the same broad beards, the same characteristic blades of sabers called "elman". The roof on the left is almost an exact copy of the roofs of the old Russian towers ... (A. Bushkov, "Russia, which was not").
5. Genetic expertise
According to the latest data obtained as a result of genetic research, it turned out that Tatars and Russians have very similar genetics. Whereas the differences between the genetics of Russians and Tatars from the genetics of the Mongols are colossal: “The differences between the Russian gene pool (almost completely European) and the Mongolian (almost completely Central Asian) are really great - it’s like two around the world…»
6. Documents during the Tatar-Mongol yoke
During the existence of the Tatar-Mongol yoke, not a single document in the Tatar or Mongolian language has been preserved. But there are many documents of this time in Russian.
7. Lack of objective evidence supporting the hypothesis of the Tatar-Mongol yoke
On this moment no originals of any historical documents, which would objectively prove that there was a Tatar-Mongol yoke. But on the other hand, there are many fakes designed to convince us of the existence of a fiction called the "Tatar-Mongol yoke." Here is one of those fakes. This text is called "The Word about the Destruction of the Russian Land" and in each publication it is announced as "an excerpt from a poetic work that has not come down to us in its entirety ... About the Tatar-Mongol invasion":
“Oh, bright and beautifully decorated Russian land! You are glorified by many beauties: you are famous for many lakes, locally revered rivers and springs, mountains, steep hills, high oak forests, clear fields, marvelous animals, various birds, countless great cities, glorious villages, monastery gardens, temples of God and formidable princes, honest boyars and many nobles. You are full of everything, Russian land, O Orthodox Christian faith! .. "
There is not even a hint of the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" in this text. But on the other hand, in this “ancient” document there is such a line: “You are full of everything, the Russian land, about the Orthodox Christian faith!”
Before Nikon's church reform, which was carried out in the middle of the 17th century, Christianity in Rus' was called "orthodox". It began to be called Orthodox only after this reform... Therefore, this document could have been written no earlier than the middle of the 17th century and has nothing to do with the era of the "Tatar-Mongol yoke"...
On all maps that were published before 1772 and were not corrected in the future, you can see the following picture.
The western part of Rus' is called Muscovy, or Moscow Tartaria ... In this small part of Rus', the Romanov dynasty ruled. Until the end of the 18th century, the Moscow Tsar was called the ruler of Moscow Tartaria or the Duke (Prince) of Moscow. The rest of Rus', which occupied almost the entire continent of Eurasia in the east and south of Muscovy at that time, is called Tartaria or the Russian Empire (see map).
In the 1st edition of the British Encyclopedia of 1771, the following is written about this part of Rus':
“Tartaria, a huge country in the northern part of Asia, bordering Siberia in the north and west: which is called Great Tartaria. Those Tartars living south of Muscovy and Siberia are called Astrakhan, Cherkasy and Dagestan, living in the north-west of the Caspian Sea are called Kalmyk Tartars and which occupy the territory between Siberia and the Caspian Sea; Uzbek Tartars and Mongols, who live north of Persia and India, and, finally, Tibetan, living northwest of China ... "
Where did the name Tartaria come from
Our ancestors knew the laws of nature and the real structure of the world, life, and man. But, as now, the level of development of each person was not the same in those days. People who in their development went much further than others, and who could control space and matter (control the weather, heal diseases, see the future, etc.), were called Magi. Those of the Magi who knew how to control space at the planetary level and above were called Gods.
That is, the meaning of the word God, among our ancestors, was not at all the same as it is now. The gods were people who had gone much further in their development than the vast majority of people. For ordinary person their abilities seemed incredible, however, the gods were also people, and the possibilities of each god had their own limit.
Our ancestors had patrons - God Tarkh, he was also called Dazhdbog (giving God) and his sister - Goddess Tara. These Gods helped people in solving such problems that our ancestors could not solve on their own. So, the gods Tarkh and Tara taught our ancestors how to build houses, cultivate the land, write and much more, which was necessary in order to survive after the catastrophe and eventually restore civilization.
Therefore, more recently, our ancestors told strangers "We are the children of Tarkh and Tara ...". They said this because in their development, they really were children in relation to Tarkh and Tara, who had significantly departed in development. And the inhabitants of other countries called our ancestors "Tarkhtars", and later, because of the difficulty in pronunciation - "Tartars". Hence the name of the country - Tartaria ...
Baptism of Rus'
And here the baptism of Rus'? some may ask. As it turned out, very much so. After all, baptism did not take place in a peaceful way ... Before baptism, people in Rus' were educated, almost everyone knew how to read, write, count (see the article “Russian culture is older than European”).
Recall from school curriculum according to history, at least, the same "Birch bark letters" - letters that peasants wrote to each other on birch bark from one village to another.
Our ancestors had a Vedic world view as described above, it was not a religion. Since the essence of any religion comes down to the blind acceptance of any dogmas and rules, without a deep understanding of why it is necessary to do it this way and not otherwise. The Vedic worldview gave people precisely an understanding of the real laws of nature, an understanding of how the world works, what is good and what is bad.
People saw what happened after the "baptism" in neighboring countries, when, under the influence of religion, a successful, highly developed country with an educated population, in a matter of years, plunged into ignorance and chaos, where only representatives of the aristocracy could read and write, and then not all of them. ..
Everyone perfectly understood what the “Greek religion” carried in itself, into which Prince Vladimir the Bloody and those who stood behind him were going to baptize Kievan Rus. Therefore, none of the inhabitants of the then Kyiv principality (a province that broke away from Great Tartary) accepted this religion. But there were large forces behind Vladimir, and they were not going to retreat.
In the process of "baptism" for 12 years of forced Christianization, with rare exceptions, almost the entire adult population of Kievan Rus was destroyed. Because such a “teaching” could only be imposed on unreasonable children, who, due to their youth, could not yet understand that such a religion turned them into slaves both in the physical and spiritual sense of the word. All those who refused to accept the new "faith" were killed. This is confirmed by the facts that have come down to us. If before the "baptism" on the territory of Kievan Rus there were 300 cities and 12 million inhabitants, then after the "baptism" there were only 30 cities and 3 million people! 270 cities were destroyed! 9 million people were killed! (Diy Vladimir, "Orthodox Rus' before the adoption of Christianity and after").
But despite the fact that almost the entire adult population of Kievan Rus was destroyed by the "holy" baptists, the Vedic tradition did not disappear. On the lands of Kievan Rus, the so-called dual faith was established. Most of the population purely formally recognized the imposed religion of slaves, while they themselves continued to live according to the Vedic tradition, though without showing it off. And this phenomenon was observed not only among the masses, but also among part of the ruling elite. And this state of affairs continued until the reform of Patriarch Nikon, who figured out how to deceive everyone.
But the Vedic Slavic-Aryan Empire (Great Tartary) could not calmly look at the intrigues of its enemies, which destroyed three-quarters of the population of the Kyiv Principality. Only her response could not be instantaneous, due to the fact that the army of the Great Tartary was busy with conflicts on its Far Eastern borders. But these retaliatory actions of the Vedic empire were carried out and entered into modern history in a distorted form, under the name of the Mongol-Tatar invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan to Kievan Rus.
Only by the summer of 1223 did the troops of the Vedic Empire appear on the Kalka River. And the united army of the Polovtsians and Russian princes was completely defeated. So they beat us into history lessons, and no one could really explain why the Russian princes fought with the "enemies" so sluggishly, and many of them even went over to the side of the "Mongols"?
The reason for such absurdity was that the Russian princes, who had adopted an alien religion, knew perfectly well who came and why ...
So, there was no Mongol-Tatar invasion and yoke, but there was a return of the rebellious provinces under the wing of the metropolis, the restoration of the integrity of the state. Batu Khan had the task of returning the Western European province-states under the wing of the Vedic Empire, and stopping the invasion of Christians in Rus'. But the strong resistance of some princes, who felt the taste of the still limited, but very large power of the principalities of Kievan Rus, and new unrest on the Far Eastern border did not allow these plans to be completed (N.V. Levashov "Russia in Crooked Mirrors", Volume 2.).
conclusions
In fact, after baptism in the principality of Kiev, only children and a very small part of the adult population who adopted the Greek religion survived - 3 million people out of a population of 12 million before baptism. The principality was completely devastated, most of the cities, villages and villages were looted and burned. But exactly the same picture is drawn to us by the authors of the version of the “Tatar-Mongol yoke”, the only difference is that the same cruel actions were allegedly carried out there by the “Tatar-Mongols”!
As always, the winner writes history. And it becomes obvious that in order to hide all the cruelty with which the Kiev principality was baptized, and in order to stop all possible questions, the “Tatar-Mongol yoke” was subsequently invented. Children were brought up in the traditions of the Greek religion (the cult of Dionysius, and later Christianity) and history was rewritten, where all the cruelty was blamed on “wild nomads”…
The famous statement of President V.V. Putin about the Battle of Kulikovo, in which the Russians allegedly fought against the Tatars with the Mongols ...
Tatar-Mongol yoke - the biggest myth of history
In the section: News of Korenovsk
July 28, 2015 marks the 1000th anniversary of the memory of Grand Duke Vladimir the Red Sun. On this day in Korenovsk passed festive events on this occasion. Read more on...
Mongol-Tatar yoke - the period of the capture of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars in the 13-15 centuries. The Mongol-Tatar yoke lasted for 243 years.
The truth about the Mongol-Tatar yoke
The Russian princes at that time were in a state of enmity, so they could not give a fitting rebuff to the invaders. Despite the fact that the Cumans came to the rescue, the Tatar-Mongol army quickly seized the advantage.
The first direct clash between the troops took place on the Kalka River, on May 31, 1223, and was quickly lost. Even then it became clear that our army would not be able to defeat the Tatar-Mongols, but the onslaught of the enemy was held back for quite a long time.
In the winter of 1237, a targeted invasion of the main troops of the Tatar-Mongols into the territory of Rus' began. This time, the enemy army was commanded by the grandson of Genghis Khan - Batu. The army of nomads managed to move quickly enough inland, plundering the principalities in turn and killing everyone who tried to resist on their way.
The main dates of the capture of Rus' by the Tatar-Mongols
- 1223. The Tatar-Mongols approached the border of Rus';
- May 31, 1223. First battle;
- Winter 1237. The beginning of a targeted invasion of Rus';
- 1237. Ryazan and Kolomna were captured. Palo Ryazan principality;
- March 4, 1238. Killed Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich. The city of Vladimir is captured;
- Autumn 1239. Captured Chernigov. Palo Chernihiv Principality;
- 1240 year. Kyiv captured. The Kiev principality fell;
- 1241. Palo Galicia-Volyn principality;
- 1480. The overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
Causes of the fall of Rus' under the onslaught of the Mongol-Tatars
- the absence of a unified organization in the ranks of Russian soldiers;
- numerical superiority of the enemy;
- the weakness of the command of the Russian army;
- poorly organized mutual assistance from scattered princes;
- underestimation of the strength and number of the enemy.
Features of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Rus'
In Rus', the establishment of the Mongol-Tatar yoke with new laws and orders began.
actual center political life Vladimir became, it was from there that the Tatar-Mongol Khan exercised his control.
The essence of the management of the Tatar-Mongol yoke was that the Khan handed the label to reign at his own discretion and completely controlled all the territories of the country. This increased the enmity between the princes.
The feudal fragmentation of the territories was strongly encouraged, as it reduced the likelihood of a centralized rebellion.
Tribute was regularly levied from the population, the “Horde output”. The money was collected by special officials - Baskaks, who showed extreme cruelty and did not shy away from kidnappings and murders.
Consequences of the Mongol-Tatar conquest
The consequences of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Rus' were terrible.
- Many cities and villages were destroyed, people were killed;
- Agriculture, handicrafts, and the arts declined;
- Feudal fragmentation increased significantly;
- Significantly reduced population;
- Rus' began to noticeably lag behind Europe in development.
The end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke
Complete liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke occurred only in 1480, when the Grand Duke Ivan III refused to pay money to the horde and declared the independence of Rus'.
The Tatar-Mongol Yoke is a concept that is truly the most grandiose falsification of our past with you, and besides, this concept is so ignorant in relation to the entire Slavic-Aryan people as a whole that, having understood all the aspects and nuances of this RELATION, I want to say ENOUGH! Stop feeding us these stupid and delusional stories, which, as if in unison, tell us about how wild and uneducated our ancestors were.
So, let's start in order. To begin with, let's refresh our memory of what tells us official history O Tatar-Mongol yoke and those times. Around the beginning of the XIII century from R.Kh. in the Mongolian steppes, one very outstanding character was drawn, nicknamed Genghis Khan, who stirred up almost all the wild Mongolian nomads and created from them the most powerful army of that time. After that, they set off, which means they conquer the whole world, crushing and smashing everything in their path. To begin with, they conquered and conquered all of China, and then, having gained strength and courage, they moved west. Having traveled about 5000 kilometers, the Mongols defeated the state of Khorezm, then in 1223 Georgia reached the southern borders of Rus', where they defeated the army of Russian princes in the battle on the Kalka River. And already in 1237, having gathered their courage, they simply fell with an avalanche of horses, arrows and spears on the defenseless cities and villages of the wild Slavs, burning and conquering them one by one, more and more oppressing the already backward Rusichs, and besides, even without encountering serious resistance along the way. After which, in 1241, they already invade Poland and the Czech Republic - truly Grand Army. But being afraid to leave devastated Rus' in their rear, their entire numerous horde turns back and imposes tribute on all the occupied territories. It is from this moment that the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the peak of the greatness of the Golden Horde begin.
After some time, Rus' got stronger (interestingly, under the yoke of the Golden Horde) and began to be insolent to the Tatar-Mongol representatives, some principalities even stopped paying tribute. Khan Mamai could not forgive them for this, and in 1380 he went to war against Rus', where he was defeated by the army of Dmitry Donskoy. After that, a century later, the Horde Khan Akhmat decided to take revenge, but after the so-called "Standing on the Ugra" Khan Akhmat was afraid of Ivan III's superior army and turned back, ordering to retreat to the Volga. This event is considered the decline of the Tatar-Mongol yoke and the decline of the Golden Horde as a whole.
Today, this crazy theory about the Tatar-Mongol yoke does not stand up to criticism, since a huge amount of evidence of this falsification has accumulated in our history. The main misconception of our official historians is that they consider the Tatar-Mongol to be exclusively representatives of the Mongoloid race, which is fundamentally wrong. After all, a lot of evidence indicates that the Golden Horde, or as it is more correct to call it Tartaria, consisted mainly of the Slavic-Aryan peoples and there was no smell of any Mongoloids there. Indeed, until the 17th century, no one could even imagine such a thing that everything would turn upside down and such a time would come that the greatest empire that existed during the time of our era would be called the Tatar-Mongolian. Moreover, this theory will become official and taught in schools and universities as the truth. Yes, we must pay tribute to Peter I and his Western historians, it was necessary to distort and defile our past in such a way - just trample the memory of our ancestors and everything connected with them into the dirt.
By the way, if you still doubt that the "Tatar-Mongols" were precisely representatives of the Slavic-Aryan people, then we have prepared quite a few proofs for you. So let's go...
PROOF FIRST
The appearance of the representatives of the Golden Horde
This topic can even be covered in a separate article, since there is a great deal of evidence that some "Tatar-Mongols" had a Slavic appearance. Take, for example, the appearance of Genghis Khan himself, whose portrait is kept in Taiwan. He is presented as tall, long-bearded with green-yellow eyes and blond hair. In addition, this is not a purely individual opinion of the artist. This fact is also mentioned by the historian Rashidad-Did, who found the "Golden Horde" in his lifetime. So, he claims that in the family of Genghis Khan, all children were born white-skinned with light blond hair. And that's not all, G.E. Grumm-Grzhimailo kept one ancient legend about the Mongolian people, in which there is a mention that the ancestor of Genghis Khan in the ninth tribe of Boduanchar was fair-haired and blue-eyed. Another not unimportant character of that time also looked like Batu Khan, who was a descendant of Genghis Khan.
And the Tatar-Mongol army itself, outwardly, was no different from the troops of Ancient Rus' and Europe, as evidenced by the paintings and icons painted by contemporaries of those events:
A strange picture is obtained, the leaders of the Tatar-Mongol, throughout the entire existence of the Golden Horde were the Slavs. Yes, and the Tatar-Mongol army consisted exclusively of the Slavic-Aryan people. No, what are you talking about, they were then wild barbarians! Where are they there, they crushed half the world under themselves? No, this cannot be. It is not sad, but this is exactly what modern historians argue.
PROOF TWO
The concept of "Tatar-Mongols"
Let's start with the fact that the very concept of "Tatar-Mongols" - DOES NOT MEET in more than one Russian chronicle, and everything that was found about the "suffering" of the Rus from the Mongols is described in just one entry from the collection of all Russian chronicles:
"Oh, bright and beautifully decorated Russian land! You are glorified by many beauties: you are famous for many lakes, locally revered rivers and springs, mountains, steep hills, high oak forests, clear fields, marvelous animals, various birds, countless great cities, glorious villages, gardens monasteries, temples of God and formidable princes, honest boyars and many nobles. You are filled with everything, the Russian land, O Orthodox Christian faith! From here to the Ugrians and to the Poles, to the Czechs, Germans to Karelians, from Karelians to Ustyug, where the filthy Toymichi live, and beyond the Breathing Sea; from the sea to the Bulgarians, from the Bulgarians to the Burtases, from the Burtases to the Cheremis, from the Cheremis to the Mordtsy - everything, with the help of God, was conquered by the Christian people, these filthy countries obeyed Grand Duke Vsevolod, his father Yuri, Prince of Kiev, his grandfather Vladimir Monomakh, with whom the Polovtsy frightened their little children. conquered, and the Germans rejoiced that they were far away - beyond the blue sea. Burtases, Cheremis, Vyads and Mordovians were beekeeping for Grand Duke Vladimir. And the emperor of Constantinople Manuel, out of fear, sent great gifts to him, so that the Grand Duke Vladimir Constantinople would not take from him.
There is one more mention, but it is not very significant, because. contains a very meager passage that does not mention any invasion, and it is very difficult to judge any events from it. This text received the name as "The Word about the death of the Russian Land":
"... And in those days - from the great Yaroslav, and to Vladimir, and to the present Yaroslav, and to his brother Yuri, Prince of Vladimir, disaster befell the Christians and the filthy ones set fire to the Monastery of the Caves of the Most Holy Theotokos."
PROOF THREE
The number of troops of the Golden Horde
All official historical sources The 19th century claimed that the number of troops invading our territory at that time was about 500,000 people. Can you imagine HALF A MILLION PEOPLE who came to conquer us, but they didn’t come on foot?! Apparently it was an incredible amount of carts and horses. Since feeding such a number of people and animals required simply titanic efforts. But after all, this theory, yes, namely THEORY, and not a historical fact, does not stand up to criticism, since not one horse will reach from Mongolia to Europe, and it was not possible to feed such a number of horses.
If we take a sensible look at this situation, then the following picture emerges:
For each "Tatar-Mongol" war, there were about 2-3 horses, plus you need to count the horses (mules, bulls, donkeys) that were in the carts. So, no grass would be enough to feed the Tatar-Mongolian cavalry stretched for tens of kilometers, since the animals that were at the forefront of this horde had to devour all the fields and leave nothing for those who follow behind. Since it was not possible to stretch a lot or go different routes, because. from this, the numerical advantage would be lost and it would be unlikely that the nomads would have even reached that same Georgia, not to mention Kievan Rus and Europe.
PROOF FOUR
The invasion of the Golden Horde into Europe
According to modern historians who adhere to the official version of events, in March 1241 from R.Kh. "Tatar-Mongols" invade Europe and capture part of the territory of Poland, namely the cities of Krakow, Sandomierz and Wroclaw, bringing with them destruction, robbery and murder.
I would also like to note a very interesting aspect of this event. Approximately in April of the same year, the road to the "Tatar-Mongolian" army was blocked by Henry II with his ten thousandth army, for which he paid with a crushing defeat. The Tatars used strange military tricks for that time against the troops of Henry II, thanks to which they won, namely, some kind of smoke and fire - "Greek fire":
"And when they saw a Tatar running out with a banner - and this banner looked like an "X", and on top of it was a head with a long beard shaking, filthy and stinking smoke from the mouth of the Poles - everyone was amazed and horrified, and rushed to run in all directions could, and so they were defeated ... "
After that, the "Tatar-Mongols" sharply deploy their offensive to the South and invade the Czech Republic, Hungary, Croatia, Dalmatia and finally break through to the Adriatic Sea. But in none of these countries the "Tatar-Mongols" try to resort to subjugation and taxation of the population. Somehow it makes no sense - why was it then to capture ?! And the answer is very simple, because. before us is a pure deceit, or rather a falsification of events. Strange as it may seem, these events coincide with the military campaign of Frederick II, Emperor of the Roman Empire. So the absurdity does not end there, then a much more interesting turn takes place. As it turns out later, the "Tatar-Mongols" turned out to be also allies with Frederick II, when he fought with the Pope - Gregory X, and Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary - defeated by wild nomads, were on the side of Pope Gregory X in that conflict. And on the departure of the "Tatar-Mongol" from Europe in 1242 AD. for some reason, the crusader troops went to war against Rus', as well as against Frederick II, whom they successfully defeated and stormed the capital Aachen to crown their emperor there. Coincidence? Don't think.
This version of events is far from believable. But if instead of the "Tatar-Mongol" Rus invaded Europe, then everything falls into place ...
And there are far from four such proofs, as we have presented to you above - there are many more of them, just if you mention each one, then this will not turn out to be an article, but a whole book.
As a result, it turns out that no Tatar-Mongols from Central Asia have ever captured or enslaved us, and the Golden Horde - Tartaria, was huge Slavic-Aryan Empire that time. In fact, we are the same TATARS who kept the whole of Europe in fear and horror.
