Holiday in the family of a retired engineer Russian fleet Gorenko and, as it later turned out, all Russian poetry fell on June 11 (23), 1889, when a daughter Anna was born to a hereditary nobleman.
The mother of the future poetess I.E. Stogova was a distant relative of Anna Bunina, later Anna Andreevna Gorenko would take the pseudonym Anna Akhmatova. According to the poetess, on the maternal side, her ancestor was the Khan of the Golden Horde Akhmat, let's leave it to the discretion of Anna.
Youth
Many mistakenly call the birthplace of the poetess Odessa, this is not entirely true, since she was born at the Bolshoi Fountain station, not far from Odessa-mother. However, the place of birth did not play a significant role in Anna's fate, since a year after her birth, the family moved to Tsarskoye Selo, where the young poetess entered the Mariinsky Gymnasium. Life in Tsarskoye Selo left an eternal mark on Akhmatova's soul; many works are devoted to this place.
When Anna was 17 years old, in 1905, her parents divorced, and the mother and daughter moved to Evpatoria, where Akhmatova-Gorenko graduated from the Kiev-Fundukley gymnasium (1907) and the legal department of women's courses. Jurisprudence did not attract Anna in the future, according to her personal assurance, she learned only one plus from that training - she learned Latin. Subsequently, Latin will help the poetess learn Italian language. During the difficult period of her life, Akhmatova had to earn money by translations - this helped to make ends meet.
Marriage and the first collection
The year 1910 was in many ways a fateful year in the fate of Akhmatova, because it was in this year that she married Nikolai Gumilyov, whom she had known for 7 years before that. By the way, Gumilyov turned out to be not only Anna's husband, but also her first publisher, however, this happened even before the wedding, in 1907. During these years, Gumilyov published the Sirius magazine in Paris, on its pages the poem “There are many shiny rings on the hand” was published.
Honeymoon in Paris - what better way to start a long and happy life, unfortunately, Akhmatova managed to fulfill it only in part one, happiness soon began to bypass Anna.
Returning to the biography, we note another role that Gumilyov played in the development of Anna Akhmatova as a poetess. He not only brought Anna into literary world Petersburg, but also helped in the publication in 1912 of the first collection of the poetess called "Evening". Of the well-known poems of the collection, we note "The Gray-Eyed King", in general, the first official test of the pen did not bring Akhmatova to the pedestal of Russian poets. The year of publication of the first collection was also the year of birth of Lev Gumilyov, the only son of Nikolai and Anna. Reviews of the first collection of poems are positive, and some criticism from Blok is rather a plus, because the great Russian poet would not even want to criticize mediocrity.
There is no reliable data on Gumilyov's fidelity, and they are not needed, but many critics of that century were interested in the part of "Evenings" called "Deception". This seemed illogical for the young and, as it seemed, happily married poetess, especially since she denied symbolism. Let's leave it.
The second husband of Akhmatova Shileiko, the third Punin, who also died in the camp, and before that was arrested three times, so that fate was not merciful to the poetess and through marriages. Moreover, the son Leo spent more than 10 years in the camps, being arrested and exiled twice.
Confession
The next important stage in the biography of the poetess is 1914 and the publication of the Rosary collection, which was reprinted 9 times in the next 9 years. Note that the release of the collection takes place during the First World War, when interest in poetry was falling. love lyrics Akhmatova with a subtle admixture of mysticism found her reader, and it was this collection that brought Anna the first real recognition as a poetess with capital letter. If "Evenings" was read by more and more schoolgirls, then "Rosary" captures many.
Unlike most representatives of literature, Akhmatova during the First World War does not experience patriotic ecstasy. In the poems of this time, pain slips through, which not everyone likes. This is one of the reasons for the failure of the collection " white flock”, which was released in 1917 on the eve of the fateful events for Russia. The revolution hit the soul of the poetess painfully, but her personal drama also falls on these years - a divorce from Gumilyov in 1918, although the marriage has been bursting at the seams since the time of the collection "Evening". Gumilyov was later arrested on suspicion of participating in the Tagantsev Plot and shot in 1921.
It is difficult to judge the true reasons for the divorce, or rather discord in the family, because it happened earlier, but Akhmatova never spoke badly about Gumilyov, even in the poem “It was very scary to live in that house”, which was published in 1921, one feels tenderness for Nikolai .
The years after the First World War were overshadowed by the fight against tuberculosis, she fought the disease for a long time, but defeated it.
30-40s
Life went on and the next blow to Akhmatova was inflicted by fate on the poetess in 1924, when she was no longer printed. Until the 40th year, not a single publication with Akhmatova's poems was published, and the poetess was looking for herself in a new field - she was studying Pushkin's work and translating, earning a living with them after being expelled from the Writers' Union. The black 30s are marked by the fear of inevitable arrest, but it is not there, despite the fact that many of Anna's colleagues and friends were sent to the Gulag and this was the best option. They say that Stalin spoke well of Anna, so well that it protected her from arrest, but not so well as to enable the poetess to write normally.
The son Lev was arrested, Mandelstam and other poets disappeared, but fate saved Akhmatova in this difficult time. The poem "Requiem" was written by the poetess from 35 to 43, it is both a requiem in itself and a testament for posterity. The poem is full of sorrow and pain, therefore, in order to understand the work of the poetess, it is simply necessary to read and reread it.
War
During the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova continued to write, not bowing her head to the authorities, but bowing to the defenders of the Motherland. This is best evidenced by the lines written in 1042 during the siege of Leningrad:
And Leningraders go through the smoke in rows - the living with the dead: for glory there are no dead.
Oblivion, resurrection and death
Akhmatova's last major work, A Poem without a Hero, was written and edited from 1940 to 1965, in which the poetess says goodbye to friends and the era for the second time (after the Requiem). After the war and until the moment of her death, the poetess was not favored by the powers that be, it was as if they forgot about her, and she herself begins to forget about herself, devoting less and less time to poetry.
Restoration in the Writers' Union in 1951 does not mean much for the poetess, perhaps Anna Andreevna Akhmatova was more pleased with the house in Komarovo, which was allocated to her in 1955. There she found her solitude, and limited her social circle. After the age of 51, Akhmatova began to be printed again in the USSR, but very selectively
The poetess in 1962 was nominated for Nobel Prize, but it passes by, although this is a fact of international recognition. In 1964, Akhmatova received a literary prize in Rome, and in 1965 she received a doctorate in literature from Oxford University.
Anna Akhmatova died in the Domodedovo cardiological sanatorium, where the poetess was transferred after a heart attack. Anna felt the approach of death, so upon arrival at the sanatorium, she said with regret, “It is a pity that there is no Bible here.”
Anna Andreevna Akhmatova: how she died, place of death, date of death of Akhmatova, reason.
How did Akhmatova die?
The poetess of the Silver Age, whose poems, like blades, pierced to the core, ringing, pulled out the strained strings of the soul, Anna Akhmatova, died March 5, 1966. Although it is customary to start biographies from the date of birth, today's topic is devoted to the mystery of the death of the poetess. Why do we need to know this? In order not to repeat mistakes, to honor the memory and understand the motive of the poems. For example, another great poet, Brodsky, apathy and death have always accompanied in the works -, - being born, thanks to the way of life and influencing it. - a vivid example of a rebellious life on the edge, tragic experiences and the search for great hope.
Akhmatova - how much is in this word
The pseudonym "Akhmatova" was taken from the name of the great-grandmother of Tatar origin Anna, nee Gorenko, at the beginning of her career. Not a single verse was signed by a real surname, and in a pseudonym, it seems to us, there was a hidden power of its own, which gave movement to the wheel of fame of the poetess. The Gorenko family did not pay due attention to their daughter's poetic career - none of the representatives even took up the pen. Poetry was read in free time, recited at celebrations and family evenings, as was customary - at leisure. Anna Akhmatova gained poetic fame back in Kyiv, during her studies - the collection “Evening” was released, but a star lit up in northern capital. After moving to St. Petersburg, Akhmatova felt that she had found herself - powerful poetry was born, raised on love, tragedy and patriotism. Get acquainted with Nikolai Gumilyov, later marry him, and even later - get a divorce. Despite parting, respect and deep affection, she always felt for her first husband. The first tragic blow that affected the nature - execution of Nikolai Gumilyov. Personal experiences are clearly visible in every line of the Requiem.
The last years of Anna Akhmatova
Akhmatova survived the siege of Leningrad, post-war devastation, traveling abroad and nothing foreshadowed a tragic outcome. In 1951 she was reinstated in the Writers' Union, 10 years later she was awarded the prestigious Italian literary prize, released a new collection "The Run of Time", received a doctorate in literature from Oxford University, received a dacha in Komarovo from the Literary Fund as a gift. Old age gives recognition and honor, but takes away health as a payment for "golden years". Akhmatova was ill for a long time and was constantly treated in a sanatorium near Moscow. On March 7, the All-Union Radio announced the death of the poetess, which, like a bolt from the blue, marked the end of the era of verse-stretched-nerves and subtle psychologism of lines.
Shortly before her death, Akhmatova asked her relatives to bring New Testament to study the psalms - she worked on the Qumran manuscripts. Relatives note that the poetess still had a lot of vital fuse, but, unfortunately, a weak heart. The cause of Akhmatova's death is heart failure. On March 9, the body of the poetess was brought to Leningrad for burial at the Komarovsky cemetery, fearing dissident unrest. Neither relatives nor fans could believe what had happened for a long time. Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov, the son of the poetess, laid out a stone wall on his mother's grave, which became a place of pilgrimage for many years.
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It's hard to imagine a period silver age in Russian poetry without such a big name as Anna Akhmatova. The biography of this outstanding person is not at all easy. The personality of Akhmatova is shrouded in a halo of mystery. In her personal life there was fame, love, but also great sorrow. About it will be discussed in the article.
Biography of Akhmatova: complete
Anna Akhmatova (Gorenko) was born on June 23 according to the new style of 1889 in a noble family. Her biography began in Odessa. Her father worked as a mechanical engineer, her mother belonged to the creative intelligentsia.
A year later, the Gorenko family moved to St. Petersburg, where his father received a higher position. All the memories of Anna's childhood were connected with this wonderful city on the Neva. The upbringing and education of the girl was, of course, on highest level. She and her nanny often walked in the Tsarskoselsky park, enjoyed the beautiful creations of talented sculptors.
She was taught secular etiquette early on. In addition to Anna, there were five more children in the family. She listened to the governess teaching French older children, and independently learned the language in this way. The girl also learned to read and write by herself, reading the books of Leo Tolstoy.
When Anna was ten years old, she was sent to the Mariinsky Women's Gymnasium. She was reluctant to study. But loved summer holidays that the family spent near Sevastopol. There, according to her own recollections, the girl shocked the local young ladies, walking without a hat, barefoot, sunbathing to such an extent that her skin began to peel off. Anna from that time fell in love with the sea, once and for all.
Perhaps this love for the beauty of nature gave rise to poetic inspiration in her. Anna wrote her first poem at the age of eleven. The poetry of Pushkin, Lermontov, Derzhavin, Nekrasov served as role models for her.
After Anna's parents divorced, she moved with her mother and other children to Evpatoria, and then to Kyiv. I had to finish my last year of high school there. Then she entered the Higher Women's Courses at the Faculty of Law. But, as it turned out, jurisprudence is not her calling. Therefore, Anna chose the Women's Literary and History Courses in St. Petersburg.
The beginning of the creative path
In the Gorenko family, no one has ever written poetry. The father forbade the young poetess to sign with the name Gorenko, so as not to disgrace their family. He considered her passion for poetry something unacceptable and frivolous. Anna had to come up with a pseudonym.
It turned out that in their family there was once upon a time the Horde Khan Akhmat. The aspiring poetess began to be called his name.
When Anna was still in high school, a young man named Nikolai Gumilyov met her. He also wrote poetry, even published his own magazine Sirius. Young people began to meet, after Anna moved, they corresponded. Nikolai highly appreciated the poetic talent of the girl. He first published her poems in his journal under the signature of Anna G. This was in 1907.
In 1910-1912, Anna Akhmatova traveled around Europe. She was in Paris, Italy. There was a meeting with the Italian impressionist painter Amadeo Modigliani. This acquaintance, which turned into a stormy romance, left a noticeable mark on her creative biography.
But, unfortunately, the lovers could not be together. They separated in 1911 and never met again. Soon the young artist died of tuberculosis. Love for him, the experience of his untimely death was reflected in the work of the young poetess.
Akhmatova's first poems are lyrical. They reflect the personal life of the poetess, her love, experiences. They are passionate and tender, full of feelings, a little naive, as if written in an album. The poetess herself called the poems of that time "the poor verses of the most empty girl." They are a bit similar to the early work of another outstanding poetess of that time - Marina Tsvetaeva.
In 1911 Anna Akhmatova for the first time in her creative biography decides on his own to send his poems to the judgment of professionals in the then popular Moscow monthly magazine "Russian Thought".
She asked if she should have continued writing poetry. The answer was positive. Her poetry has been published.
Then the poetess was published in other well-known magazines: "Apollo", "General Journal" and others.
Popular recognition of the talent of the poetess
Soon Akhmatova becomes famous in literary circles. Many famous writers and the poets of that time notice and appreciate her talent. Also, everyone is struck by the extraordinary beauty of the poetess. Her oriental nose with a pronounced aquiline, half-closed eyes with a large veil, which sometimes had the ability to change color. Some said that her eyes were gray, others said they were green, and still others remembered that they were sky blue.
Also, her sedateness and royal posture spoke for themselves. Despite the fact that Anna was quite tall, she never stooped, she always kept herself very straight. Her manners were exquisite. Mysteriousness and uniqueness reigned in all appearance.
It is said that in her youth, Anna was very flexible. Even ballerinas envied her extraordinary plasticity. Her slender hands, aquiline nose, cloudy eyes were sung by many poets, including, of course, Nikolai Gumilyov.
In 1912, the first book by Anna Akhmatova, entitled "Evening", was published. These were verses exclusively lyrical, touching and melodious. The collection immediately found its admirers. It was a surge of fame in the life of a young poetess. She is invited to perform with her poems, many artists paint her portraits, poets dedicate poems to her, composers write musical works to her.
In bohemian circles, Anna met the poet Alexander Blok. He admired her talent and beauty. And of course, he dedicated his poems to her. Many have already talked about the secret romance of these outstanding people. But whether it was true, no one knows already. She was also friendly with the composer Lurie, critic N. Nedobrovo. With them, too, she had novels, according to the then rumors.
Two years later, the second book of the poetess was published, which was called "Rosary". This was already the verses of the highest professional level compared to her first book. Here you can already feel the established "Akhmatova" style.
In the same year, Anna Akhmatova wrote her first poem "By the Sea". In it, the poetess displayed her impressions of her youth, memories of the sea, love for him.
At the start of World War I, Akhmatova reduced her public performance. Then she fell ill from a terrible disease - tuberculosis.
But in her personal poetic life there was no break. She continued to write her poetry. But more then the poetess was fascinated by the love of reading the classics. And this affected her work of that period.
Came out in 17 A new book poetess "White flock". The book was published in a huge circulation - 2 thousand copies. Her name became louder than the name of Nikolai Gumilyov. By that time, her own style was clearly visible in Akhmatova's poetry, free, individual, whole. Another famous poet Mayakovsky called it "a monolith that cannot break from any blows." And that was the real truth.
More and more philosophy appears in her poems, less and less naive youthful turns. Before us is a wise, adult woman. Her life experience, deep mind and at the same time simplicity are clearly seen in the lines. The theme of faith in God, Orthodoxy is also an integral part of her work. The words: "prayer", "God", "faith" can often be found in her poems. The poetess is not ashamed of her faith, but speaks openly about it.
Terrible years
After the October Revolution in the country scary times not only for Russia, but also for Akhmatova herself. She did not even imagine what kind of torment and suffering she would have to endure. Although in his youth, during a visit to the elder's cell, he predicted a martyr's crown for her and called her "Christ's bride", promising a Heavenly crown for the patience of suffering. Akhmatova wrote about this visit in her poem.
Of course, the new authorities could not like Akhmatova's poems, which were immediately called "anti-proletarian", "bourgeois", etc. In the 1920s, the poetess was under constant supervision of the NKVD. She writes her poems "on the table", forced to give up public speaking.
In 1921, Nikolai Gumilyov was arrested for "anti-Soviet propaganda" and sentenced to death. Akhmatova is having a hard time with his death.
Anna Akhmatova and Nikolai Gumilyov
Alexander Blok dies in 1921. She is divorcing her second husband. All this series of tragic events did not break this woman, strong in spirit. She resumes work in literary societies, publishes again and speaks to the public. A new book of her poems "Plantain" is published.
Then, six months later, Akhmatova's fifth book, AnnoDomini MCMXXI, was published. This name is translated from Latin - in the summer of the Lord 1921. After that, it was not published for several years. Many of her poems of that time were lost during the move.
At the height of the repressions in 1935, two people close to her were arrested: her husband (Nikolai Punin) and her son. She wrote to the government about their release. They were released a week later.
But the troubles didn't end there. Three years later, Lev Gumilyov's son is arrested again and sentenced to five years of hard labor in hard labor. The unfortunate mother often visited her son in prison and gave him parcels. All these events and bitter experiences were reflected in her poem "Requiem".
In 1939 Akhmatova was admitted to the Union Soviet writers. In 1940 the Requiem was written. Then came the collection "From Six Books".
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Akhmatova lived in Leningrad. Her health condition deteriorated sharply. On the advice of doctors, she left for Tashkent. There is a new collection of her poems. In 1944, the poetess decided to return to Leningrad.
After the war in 1946, her work was strongly criticized along with the work of M. Zoshchenko in the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad. They were expelled in disgrace from the Writers' Union.
In 1949, Akhmatova's son was again arrested. She asked for her son, wrote to the government, but she was refused. Then the poetess decides on a desperate step. She wrote an ode to Stalin. The cycle of poems was called "Glory to the World!".
In the 51st year, Fadeev proposed to restore the poetess in the Writers' Union, which was done. In 1954, she took part in the second congress of the Writers' Union.
In 1956, her son was released. He was offended by his mother, because, as it seemed to him, she did not seek his release.
In 1958, her new collection of poems was published. In the 64th year, she received the Italian Prize "Etna-Taormina". The following year, in England, the poetess was awarded a doctorate from Oxford University. In 1966, the last collection of her poems was published. On March 5 of the same year, while in a sanatorium, she died.
On March 10, Akhmatova's funeral was held in Leningrad in an Orthodox church. She was buried at the cemetery in Komarovo, Leningrad Region.
Akhmatova's personal life
The personal life of Anna Akhmatova is of interest to many. She was officially married twice.
The first husband was Nikolai Gumilyov. They met for a long time and corresponded. Nikolai was in love with Anna for a long time, made her a marriage proposal many times. But she refused. Then Anya was in love with her classmate. But he didn't pay any attention to her. Anna desperately tried to commit suicide.
Anna's mother, seeing Gumilyov's persistent courtship and endless marriage proposals, called him a saint. Finally, Anna broke down. She agreed to the marriage. Young people got married in 1910. They went to Paris for their honeymoon.
But, since Anna could not reciprocate her husband in any way and agreed to the marriage solely out of pity, very soon the young artist Amadeo Modigliani took a place in her heart. She met an ardent Italian in Paris. Then Anna came to him again.
He painted her portraits, she wrote poetry to him. A stormy, beautiful romance was forced to end in full swing, because it would not lead to anything good.
Soon Anna and Gumilev broke up. The personal life of Anna Akhmatova in the 18th year changed: she married a second time to the scientist Vladimir Shileiko. But she divorced him three years later.
Changes in the personal life of Anna Akhmatova occurred in the 22nd year. She became the civil wife of N. Punin. I broke up with him in the 38th year. Then she was in an intimate relationship with Garshin.
Biography of Anna Akhmatova
The name of Anna Akhmatova (nee - Gorenko) - a wonderful Russian poetess for a long time was unknown to a wide range of readers. And all this happened only because in her work the poetess tried to tell the truth, to show reality as it really is. Her work is her fate, sinful and tragic. Therefore, the whole life of Anna Andreevna is a proof of the truth that she tried to convey to her people.Childhood and youth, family
In Odessa, on June 11, 1889, a daughter, Anna, was born in the family of a hereditary nobleman Andrei Antonovich Gorenko. At that time, her father worked as a mechanical engineer in the navy, and her mother, Inna Stogova, whose family descended from the Horde Khan Akhmat, was also related to the poetess Anna Bunina. By the way, the poetess herself took her creative pseudonym, Akhmatova, from her ancestors.It is known that when Anya was barely a year old, the whole family moved to Tsarskoye Selo. Now those places where Pushkin had previously worked have firmly entered her life, and in the summer she went to relatives near Sevastopol.
At the age of 16, the fate of the future poetess changes dramatically. Her mother, after a divorce from her husband, takes the girl and goes to live in Evpatoria. This event took place in 1805, but even there they did not live long and again a new move, but now to Kyiv.
Anya was an inquisitive child, so her education began early. Even before school, she not only learned to read and write in the ABC of Tolstoy, but also the French language, listening to a teacher who came to study with older children. But classes at the Tsarskoye Selo gymnasium were given to the future poetess with difficulty, although the girl tried very hard. But over time, Anna's problems with studying still receded.
In Kyiv, where they moved with their mother, the girl enters the Fundukleevskaya gymnasium. As soon as her studies were completed, Anna entered the Higher Women's Courses, and then the Faculty of Law. But all this time, her main occupation and interest is poetry.
Creativity, poetry
The career of the poetess began at the age of 11, when she herself wrote her first poetic creation. In the future, her creative fate and biography are closely related.In 1911, Akhmatova met Alexander Blok, who had a huge impact on the work of the great poetess. In the same year, Anna Andreevna publishes her poems. This first collection is published in St. Petersburg.
But fame came to her only in 1912 after her collection of poems "Evening" was published. The Rosary collection, published in 1914, was also in great demand among readers.
The ups in the poetic fate of Akhmatova ended at the age of 20, when the review did not miss her poems, she was not published anywhere, and readers simply began to forget her name. At the same time, she begins work on the Requiem. From 1935 to 1940, the years turned out to be the most terrible, tragic and miserable.
In 1939, he spoke positively about the lyrics of the poetess and they began to print it little by little. Second Great Patriotic war the famous poetess met in Leningrad, from where she was evacuated first to Moscow, and then to Tashkent. She lived in this sunny city until 1944. And in the same city, she found a close friend who was always faithful to her: before death, and after. I even tried to write music based on poetry by Akhmatova, a poetess, but it was quite fun and playful.
In 1946, Anna Andreevna's poems were again not published, and the talented poetess herself was expelled from the Writers' Union for meeting with a foreign writer. And only in 1965 her collection "Running" was published. The poetess becomes readable and famous. Visiting theaters, she even tries to get acquainted with the actors. This is how the meeting with Vladimirov Zeldin took place, which he remembered for the rest of his life. In 1965, she was presented with the first award and the first title.
Personal life
Anna met her first husband, a poet, at the age of 14. For a very long time, the young man tried to win the favor of the young poetess, but each time he received only a refusal for his marriage proposal. In 1909, she gives her consent, thereby taking place an important event in the biography of the great poetess. April 25, 1910 they got married. But Gumilyov, loving his wife, allowed himself to betray. In this marriage, in 1912, a son, Leo, was born.
In 1918, Anna Andreevna divorced Gumilyov and married the poet Shileiko. In 1921, Gumilyov was shot, and Akhmatova parted with her second husband and soon began new novel. Punin was also arrested three times, but each time he was released.
Death
The biography of Akhmatova is also tragic in that her son was also arrested, and he was forced to spend 10 years in the dungeons. In March 1966, after 4 heart attacks, the poetess died. Anna Andreevna was buried at the Komarovsky cemetery, which is located near St. Petersburg. The cross was brought to her grave by Alexei Batalov, whom Anna once helped by giving a decent amount of money for a costume. April 18, 2016, 14:35Anna Andreevna Akhmatova ( real name- Gorenko) was born in the family of a marine engineer, retired captain of the 2nd rank, at the Bolshoi Fontan station near Odessa.
Mother, Irina Erazmovna, devoted herself entirely to her children, of whom there were six. 
A year after Anya's birth, the family moved to Tsarskoye Selo.
“My first impressions are those of Tsarskoye Selo,” she later wrote. - The green, damp splendor of the parks, the pasture where my nanny took me, the hippodrome, where small colorful horses galloped, the old railway station and something else that later became part of the Tsarskoye Selo Ode. There were almost no books in the house, but my mother knew many poems and recited them by heart. Communicating with older children, Anna began to speak French quite early.
WITH Nikolai Gumilyov, who became her husband, Anna met when she was only 14. 17-year-old Nikolai was struck by her mysterious, bewitching beauty: radiant gray eyes, thick long black hair, an antique profile made this girl unlike anyone else. 
For ten whole years, Anna became a source of inspiration for the young poet. He showered her with flowers and poems. One day, on her birthday, he gave Anna flowers, plucked under the windows of the imperial palace. In despair from unrequited love on Easter 1905, Gumilyov tried to commit suicide, which only frightened and disappointed the girl completely. She stopped seeing him. 
Soon Anna's parents divorced, and she moved with her mother to Evpatoria. At this time, she was already writing poetry, but did not attach much importance to this. Gumilyov, having heard something written by her, said: “Maybe you will dance better? You are flexible ... ”Nevertheless, he published one poem in a small literary almanac“ Sirius ”. Anna chose the surname of her great-grandmother, whose family went back to Tatar Khan Akhmat. 
Gumilyov continued to propose to her again and again and attempted three times on own life. In November 1909, Akhmatova unexpectedly agreed to marriage, accepting the chosen one not as love, but as fate. 
“Gumilyov is my destiny, and I dutifully surrender to her. Don't judge me if you can. I swear to you everything that is holy to me, that this unfortunate person will be happy with me, ”she writes to student Golenishchev-Kutuzov, who she liked much more than Nikolai. 
None of the bride's relatives came to the wedding, considering the marriage obviously doomed. Nevertheless, the wedding took place at the end of June 1910. Soon after the wedding, having achieved what he had been striving for for so long, Gumilyov lost interest in his young wife. He began to travel a lot and was rarely at home. 
In the spring of 1912, Akhmatova's first collection of 300 copies was published. In the same year, Anna and Nikolai have a son, Leo. But the husband was completely unprepared to limit his own freedom: “He loved three things in the world: for evening singing, white peacocks and erased maps of America. He didn't like it when children cried. He did not like tea with raspberries and female hysteria ... And I was his wife. The mother-in-law took the son.
Anna continued to write and from an eccentric girl turned into a majestically regal woman. They began to imitate her, they painted her, admired her, she was surrounded by crowds of admirers. Gumilyov half-seriously, half-jokingly hinted: “Anya, more than five is indecent!” 
When did the first World War, Gumilyov went to the front. In the spring of 1915, he was wounded, and Akhmatova constantly visited him in the hospital. For valor, Nikolai Gumilyov was awarded the St. George Cross. At the same time, he continued to engage in literature, lived in London, Paris, and returned to Russia in April 1918.
Akhmatova, feeling like a widow with her husband alive, asked him for a divorce, saying that she was marrying Vladimir Shileiko. She later called the second marriage "interim". 
Vladimir Shileiko was a famous scientist and poet. 
Ugly, insanely jealous, unadapted to life, he, of course, could not give her happiness. She was attracted by the opportunity to be useful to a great man. She believed that rivalry between them was excluded, which prevented marriage with Gumilyov. She spent hours writing translations of his texts from dictation, cooking and even chopping firewood. And he did not allow her to leave the house, burning all the letters unopened, did not allow her to write poetry. 
Anna was rescued by a friend, composer Arthur Lurie. Shileiko was taken to the hospital for treatment of sciatica. And Akhmatova during this time got a job in the library of the Agronomic Institute. There she was given a state-owned apartment and firewood. After the hospital, Shileiko was forced to move in with her. But in the apartment where Anna herself was the hostess, the domestic despot subsided. However, in the summer of 1921 they parted completely. 
In August 1921, Anna's friend, the poet Alexander Blok, died. At his funeral, Akhmatova learned that Nikolai Gumilyov had been arrested. He was accused of not informing, knowing about the alleged plot being prepared.
In Greece, almost at the same time, Anna Andreevna's brother, Andrei Gorenko, committed suicide. Two weeks later, Gumilyov was shot, and Akhmatova was not honored by the new government: both noble roots and poetry outside of politics. Even what People's Commissar Alexandra Kollontai once noted the attractiveness of Akhmatova's poems for young workers ("the author truthfully portrays how badly a man treats a woman") did not help to avoid the persecution of critics. She was left alone and for a long 15 years she was not published. 
At this time, she was engaged in the study of Pushkin's work, and her poverty began to border on poverty. She wore an old felt hat and a light coat in any weather. One of the contemporaries was somehow amazed at her magnificent, luxurious outfit, which, upon closer examination, turned out to be a worn dressing gown. Money, things, even gifts from friends did not stay with her. Without her own home, she did not part with only two books: a volume of Shakespeare and the Bible. But even in poverty, according to the reviews of all who knew her, Akhmatova remained royally majestic and beautiful.
With historian and critic Nikolai Punin Anna Akhmatova was in a civil marriage.
To the uninitiated, they looked like a happy couple. But in fact, their relationship has developed into a painful triangle.
Akhmatova's civil husband continued to live in the same house with his daughter Irina and his first wife Anna Arens, who also suffered from this, remaining in the house as a close friend.
Akhmatova helped Punin a lot in his literary studies, translating for him from Italian, French, and English. Her son Leo moved to her, who by that time was 16 years old. Later, Akhmatova said that Punin could suddenly announce sharply at the table: “Only Irochka needs butter.” But her son Lyovushka was sitting next to him ... 
In this house, she only had a sofa and a small table at her disposal. If she wrote, it was only in bed, surrounded by notebooks. He was jealous of her poetry, fearing that he looked insufficiently significant against her background. Once, into the room where she was reading her new poems to friends, Punin flew in with a cry: “Anna Andreevna! Do not forget! You are a poet of local Tsarskoye Selo significance. 
When a new wave of repressions began, on the denunciation of one of the fellow students, the son of Leo was arrested, and then Punin. Akhmatova rushed to Moscow, wrote a letter to Stalin. They were released, but only temporarily. In March 1938, the son was again arrested. Anna again "was lying at the feet of the executioner." The death sentence was replaced with exile.
During the Great Patriotic War, during the heaviest bombings, Akhmatova spoke on the radio with an appeal to the women of Leningrad. She was on duty on the roofs, digging trenches. She was evacuated to Tashkent, and after the war she was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". In 1945, his son returned - from exile he managed to get to the front. 
But after a short respite, a black streak begins again - at first she was expelled from the Writers' Union, deprived of ration cards, and the book that was in print was destroyed. Then they again arrested Nikolai Punin and Lev Gumilyov, whose only fault was that he was the son of his parents. The first died, the second spent seven years in camps. 
The disgrace was removed from Akhmatova only in 1962. But before last days she retained her royal majesty. She wrote about love and jokingly warned the young poets Yevgeny Rein, Anatoly Neiman, Joseph Brodsky, with whom she was friends: “Just don’t fall in love with me! I don't need it anymore!" 
Source of this post: http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/tomik46/post322509717/
And here is information about other men of the great poetess, also collected on the Internet:
Boris Anrep - Russian muralist, writer of the Silver Age, lived most of his life in Great Britain.
They met in 1915. Akhmatova was introduced to Boris Anrep by his closest friend, the poet and theorist of verse N.V. Undobrovo. Here is how Akhmatova herself recalls her first meeting with Anrep: “1915. Palm Sat. A friend (Nedobrovo in Ts.S.) has officer B.V.A. Improvisation of poetry, evening, then two more days, on the third he left. Escorted me to the station."
Later, he came from the front on business trips and on vacation, met, acquaintance grew into a strong feeling on her part and a keen interest on his part. How ordinary and prosaic I "saw off to the station" and how many poems about love were born after that! 
Muse Akhmatova, after meeting with Antrep, spoke immediately. About forty poems are dedicated to him, including the happiest and brightest poems about love by Akhmatova from The White Pack. They met on the eve of B. Anrep's departure to the army. At the time of their meeting, he was 31 years old, she was 25. 
Anrep recalls: " When I met her, I was fascinated: an exciting personality, subtle sharp remarks, and most importantly - beautiful, painfully touching poems ... We rode in a sleigh; dined in restaurants; and all this time I asked her to read poetry to me; she smiled and sang in a low voice". 
According to B. Anrep, Anna Andreevna always wore a black ring (gold, wide, covered with black enamel, with a tiny diamond) and attributed to him a mysterious power. The cherished "black ring" was presented to Anrep in 1916. " I closed my eyes. He rested his hand on the sofa seat. Suddenly something fell into my hand: it was a black ring. "Take it," she whispered, "to you." I wanted to say something. The heart was beating. I looked inquiringly at her face. She silently looked into the distance".
Like an angel disturbing the water
You looked into my face then
Returned both strength and freedom,
And in memory of a miracle, he took a ring.
The last time they saw each other was in 1917 on the eve of B. Anrep's final departure to London. 
Arthur Lurie - Russian-American composer and music writer, theorist, critic, one of the greatest figures of musical futurism and Russian musical avant-garde of the 20th century. 
Arthur was charming person, a dandy in which women unmistakably defined attractive and strong sexuality. The acquaintance of Arthur and Anna happened during one of the many disputes in 1913, where they sat at the same table. She was 25, he was 21, and he was married.
The rest is known from the words of Irina Graham, a close acquaintance of Akhmatova at that time and later a friend of Lurie in America. “After the meeting, everyone went to Stray Dog. Lurie again found himself at the same table with Akhmatova. They started talking and the conversation went on all night; Gumilyov came up several times and reminded: “Anna, it's time to go home,” but Akhmatova did not pay attention to this and continued the conversation. Gumilyov left alone. 
In the morning, Akhmatova and Lurie left the Stray Dog for the islands. It was like Blok: "And the crunch of sand, and the snoring of a horse." The stormy romance lasted one year. In the verses of this period, the image of King David, the Hebrew king-musician, is associated with Lurie.
Relations resumed in 1919. Her husband Shileiko kept Akhmatova locked up, the entrance to the house through the gateway was locked. Anna, as Graham writes, being the thinnest woman in St. Petersburg, lay down on the ground and crawled out of the gateway, and on the street, Arthur and her beautiful friend, actress Olga Glebova-Sudeikina, were waiting for her, laughing.
Amadeo Modigliani - Italian painter and sculptor, one of the most famous artists late XIX- the beginning of the XX century, a representative of expressionism.
Amadeo Modigliani moved to Paris in 1906 in order to establish himself as a young, talented artist. Modigliani at that time was unknown to anyone and very poor, but his face radiated such amazing carelessness and calmness that he seemed to the young Akhmatova a man from a strange, unknown world. The girl recalled that at their first meeting, Modigliani was dressed very brightly and gaudily, in yellow corduroy trousers and a bright jacket of the same color. He looked rather absurd, but the artist was able to teach himself so gracefully that he seemed to her an elegant handsome man, dressed in the latest Parisian fashion. 
That year, too, the then young Modigliani was barely twenty-six. Twenty-year-old Anna, a month before this meeting, became engaged to the poet Nikolai Gumilyov, and the lovers went on their honeymoon to Paris. The poetess at that young time was so beautiful that everyone on the streets of Paris looked at her, and strangers admired her feminine charm aloud. 
The aspiring artist timidly asked Akhmatova for permission to paint her portrait, and she agreed. Thus began a very passionate story, but such short love. Anna and her husband returned to St. Petersburg, where she continued to write poetry and entered the historical and literary courses, and her husband, Nikolai Gumilyov, left for Africa for more than six months. The young wife, who was now increasingly called the "straw widow", was very lonely in big city. And at this time, as if reading her thoughts, the handsome Parisian artist sends Anna a very passionate letter in which he confesses to her that he could not forget the girl and dreams of meeting her again. 
Modigliani continued to write letters to Akhmatova one after another, and in each of them he passionately confessed his love to her. From friends who visited Paris at that time, Anna knew that Amadeo had become addicted to ... wine and drugs during this time. The artist could not bear poverty and hopelessness, besides, the Russian girl he adored still remained far away in a foreign, incomprehensible country to him. 
Six months later, Gumilyov returned from Africa and immediately the couple had a major quarrel. Because of this quarrel, the offended Akhmatova, remembering the tearful pleas of her Parisian admirer to come to Paris, suddenly left for France. This time she saw her lover completely different - thin, pale, haggard from drunkenness and sleepless nights. It seemed that Amadeo had aged many years at once. However, the passionate Italian, still in love with Akhmatova, seemed to be the most beautiful man in the world, burning her, as before, with a mysterious and piercing look. 
They spent an unforgettable three months together. Many years later, she told those closest to her that the young man was so poor that he could not invite her anywhere and simply took her for a walk around the city. In the artist's tiny room, Akhmatova posed for him. In that season, Amadeo painted more than ten portraits of her, which after, allegedly, burned down during a fire. However, until now, many art historians claim that Akhmatova simply hid them, not wanting to show the world, since the portraits could tell the whole truth about their passionate relationship ... Only many years later, among the drawings of an Italian artist, two portraits of a naked woman were found, in which the similarity of the model with the famous Russian poetess was clearly guessed. 
Isaiah Berlin- English philosopher, historian and diplomat.
The first meeting between Isaiah Berlin and Akhmatova took place in the Fountain House on November 16, 1945. The second meeting the next day lasted until dawn and was full of stories about mutual emigrant friends, about life in general, about literary life. Akhmatova read "Requiem" and excerpts from "Poem without a Hero" to Isaiah Berlin. 
He also visited Akhmatova on January 4 and 5, 1946, to say goodbye. Then she gave him her poetry collection. Andronnikova notes the special talent of Berlin as a "charm" of women. In him, Akhmatova found not just a listener, but a person who occupied her soul. 
During the second visit to Berlin in 1956, they did not meet with Akhmatova. From a telephone conversation, Isaiah Berlin concluded that Akhmatova was banned.
Another meeting was in 1965 in Oxford. The topic of the conversation was the company raised against her by the authorities and personally by Stalin, but also the state of modern Russian literature, Akhmatova's predilections in it. 
If their first meeting took place when Akhmatova was 56 years old and he was 36, then last meeting happened when Berlin was already 56 years old, and Akhmatova 76. A year later she was gone.
Berlin survived Akhmatova by 31 years. 
Isaiah Berlin, this is the mysterious person to whom Anna Akhmatova dedicated a cycle of poems - the famous "Cinque" (Five). In the poetic perception of Akhmatova, there are five meetings with Isaiah Berlin. Five is not only five poems in the Cingue cycle, but perhaps this is the number of meetings with the hero. This is a cycle of love poems. 
Many are surprised at such a sudden, and judging by the poems, tragic love for Berlin. “Guest from the Future” Akhmatov called Berlin in “A Poem without a Hero” and perhaps poems from the cycle “Rosehip Blooms” (from a burnt notebook) and “Midnight Poems” (seven poems) are dedicated to him. Isaiah Berlin translated Russian literature into English language. Thanks to the efforts of Berlin, Akhmatova received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University. 
