From September 1, 2016, it is planned to exclude part-time education in universities - for economists, lawyers and managers who receive higher education for the first time, said the head of Rosobrnadzor Sergey Kravtsov in an interview with the Rossiya 1 TV channel on Sunday, June 19. According to the official, the first higher education should be full-time, which will improve the quality of education and "seriously undermine the economic basis of pseudo-universities." RIA Voronezh correspondent found out how students, their parents, universities and employers feel about the prospect of partial cancellation distance learning.
Students. Less interest in colleges
Anastasia Kavelina studies the economics of enterprises and organizations at the correspondence department of one of the Voronezh universities. The girl works in her specialty. A third of the students in her group are people aged 30-40, for whom this education is the second higher education. According to Anastasia, the first higher education at the “external school” is received mainly by those who already have a college or technical school diploma.
– Back in the ninth grade, I planned that after college I would work and simultaneously receive higher education. If distance learning is canceled for economists, managers and lawyers, many simply will not go to college. I have a full-time job, I “distract” from work every six months, for the duration of the session, Anastasia Kavelina said.
According to Anastasia, working part-time students pay tax on the income of individuals, while the state does not allocate money for their education.
– Correspondence economic Education almost all universities pay, - reminded the student.
Universities. "Pitchfork on the Water"
In all universities, where the RIA Voronezh correspondent turned for comment, they said that they had not received any orders from the Ministry of Education and Science regarding the closure of the correspondence department for lawyers and economists. Admission Campaign universities are in full swing.Voronezh State Forest Engineering University (VGLTU) extramural accept students in two directions - "management" and "economics". paid training, budget places No. In 2016, the university planned to accept 50 managers and 60 economists.
– Talk about liquidation correspondence education have been going on for many years, but all this is written with a pitchfork on the water. We have not received any documents from the Ministry of Education and Science, and therefore the conversations are premature, - explained in the Morozov VGLTU.
The Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies (VSUIT), which also trains economists, managers and executives in absentia, refused to comment on Kravtsov's words, citing the fact that "Rosobrnadzor is the pinnacle of power in education."
- It is naive to think that someone will speak out about the decision of the authorities. If the Ministry of Education and Science is the employer, then Rosobrnadzor is the police, - the university explained.
At the same time, VSUIT believes that current economists and part-time lawyers, as well as those who enter in 2016, should hardly be worried. Even if the Ministry of Education decides to cancel distance learning and an official letter is sent to the university, the process of making changes to educational standards will begin. This will take a lot of time.
Employers. Distance learning will be replaced by distance learning
Employers interviewed by a RIA Voronezh correspondent agree that it is not so much the form of training a specialist is important as his competence.
According to the head of the Pragmatik legal support agency Lev Babayan, the liquidation of correspondence departments at law faculties is a negative phenomenon.
- Young professionals who have just graduated from universities, but already have work experience, will disappear from the labor market. The advantages of part-time students are that they quickly adapt and are able to negotiate. In addition, not everyone has the opportunity to pay for full-time education. Although I prefer full-time students, because to work in my company, even a person with experience must be trained. Full-time students have lower salary expectations, they have not yet learned to shirk work, Babayan explained.
For Dmitry Nekrasov, director of the Young Business School, the form of employee training is unimportant. The main thing is the interest in the work, the desire to grow and be able to independently study the topics necessary for work.
Distance education will replace distance learning. Some universities already teach economics, management and law via the Internet. The advantage of distance learning is that it can be combined with work, and in practice you can understand what you are given in theory, - said Nekrasov.
Parents. The main plus of the “zachki” is the price
In 2014, the son of Irina Soldatova Denis, after school, entered the correspondence department at a Moscow university, where he studies investment management. The cost of education is about 70 thousand rubles a year. Denis lives in Voronezh, works for an insurance company and has been paying for his studies on his own for two years now.
- The son wanted to go to Faculty of Economics VSU, but did not have enough points. We would not have pulled paid full-time education - then it cost somewhere around 70-80 thousand rubles. The son gave documents to the correspondence department of a Moscow university. Training cost 50 thousand rubles. We thought that it makes no sense to go to the correspondence department in Voronezh, when you can enter the capital's university, - explained Irina Soldatova.
Irina said that the daughter of her acquaintances is receiving a legal education in absentia and at the same time works in a construction company, where, under the guidance of a more experienced lawyer, she learns to draw up documents. At work, her diploma is only expected in the personnel department.
Lawyers. Current students need not worry
After the statement of the head of Rosobrnadzor on the abolition of distance learning for lawyers and economists, parents and students began to fear that the “cleansing” would affect those who were already studying in these specialties. According to lawyer Dmitry Kazatsker, this is hardly possible.
– If changes are made to regulations banning distance learning, they should not affect legal relations (concluded agreements) that arose between the university and students before the adoption of the amendments. According to the legislation, the new provision may apply, for example, to new student groups that will be formed after the changes come into force, Dmitry Kazatsker explained.
Ministry of Education. So far no change
In Rosobrnadzor, the correspondent of RIA Voronezh was sent to the Ministry of Education and Science, since Sergey Kravtsov only repeated the words of Minister Dmitry Livanov.
The Ministry of Education and Science stated that no changes related to correspondence departments are planned from September 1, 2016. The department also explained that various educational and methodological associations periodically propose to the ministry to eliminate distance learning, but the matter has not yet gone beyond talk.
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The head of Rosobrnadzor Sergey Kravtsov announced the impending ban on absentee and distance education in universities in a number of humanitarian specialties. The restriction is planned to be introduced from September 1 this year. It will affect such popular areas as jurisprudence, economics, public administration and municipal administration.
Sergey Kravtsov said that the first higher education should be full-time, and limiting opportunities for receiving correspondence or distance education will improve the quality of higher education in the country. The initiative of Rosobrnadzor received support from the Minister of Education and Science Dmitry Livanov, according to whom the disciplines of the general professional cycle, special disciplines and the practical part of education cannot be provided in the correspondence mode.
Plans for a total ban on distance learning in the humanities are an attempt by the regulatory agencies to continue, using new methods, a campaign to weed out the so-called "sharashka offices" - universities that provide purely formal training for students, but in fact are "shops" for the sale of diplomas. Apparently, the positive report of Minister Livanov does not fully correspond to the real situation in the field of education. It is doubtful that the ban on distance learning will help solve the problem of low high school in Russia, but will deprive many young people from low-income families and remote regions of the opportunity to receive higher education.
Improvement through reduction
For the first time, plans to ban distance education for lawyers and economists were discussed in the Ministry of Education in March 2016, with such an initiative taken by representatives of educational and methodological associations in the field of management, economics and law. For the cancellation of absentee and distance learning In particular, HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov spoke, in his opinion, up to 60% of all part-time students are preparing to become lawyers and economists.
Representatives of the professional community, in turn, condemned this plan, and the Federal Chamber of Lawyers issued a critical review. According to FPA Vice President Svetlana Volodina, part-time graduates not only are not inferior to their “full-time” colleagues, but on the contrary, they often master the profession with much greater motivation, combining study with work in their specialty. The presence of poor specialists in the legal labor market has nothing to do with distance learning - often these are graduates of full-time departments. There are examples of lawyers who have received education in absentia, but have reached great heights in the profession - this is, in particular, the chairman of the Moscow City Court Olga Egorova, the head of the department of the Moscow State Law Academy named after O.E. Kutafin Anatoly Kucherena and Plenipotentiary of the Government of the Russian Federation in the higher courts Mikhail Barshchevsky.
The initiative of the Ministry of Education also caused bewilderment in the State Duma: the first deputy chairman of the Duma Committee on Education, Oleg Smolin, said that he sees no point in banning correspondence and distance learning in the humanities. “We need to go by evaluating the quality of training. When assessing students, invite representatives of employers, Rosobrnadzor, check the quality of education at the exit, do not artificially block people from receiving education at the entrance,” the deputy noted.
According to experts, among full-time graduates, the percentage of specialists with low level vocational training not lower than among part-time graduates: in the context of a general decline in the quality of education, the personal motivation of students comes to the fore. People who are clearly aware of the goal of obtaining a diploma of higher education and striving to succeed in their chosen profession study better than students who enrolled out of fear of military service or just for the sake of "crust" - this pattern is true for any form of education.
If the ban on part-time and part-time education in such a specialty as a pharmacist-pharmacist can still be explained by the need for students to participate in practical classes (the corresponding restriction has been discussed since 2013), then such restrictions in relation to humanitarian profiles look illogical.
Proponents of simple solutions
The problem of the decline in the quality of higher education in Russia really exists - it is considered a great achievement, until recently Russia was represented in international rankings by only five educational institutions. And this despite the fact that Soviet education in engineering and technical specialties was considered one of the best in the world, and.
Still hardly wearable complex character the problem can be solved with the help of non-constructive measures of a point character.
Unfortunately, the decision to close correspondence and distance learning in a number of specialties will deal a serious blow to the social elevators that still exist in Russia: despite the fact that the maximum student scholarship today is about six thousand rubles, not all young people can afford to study full-time . For many, distance learning or part-time education remains the only affordable way to increase their value in the labor market and move to new stage social ladder. Of course, it can be argued that full-time students also work part-time in the evenings so as not to be a burden on the family, but the financial independence of a student who combines full-time studies and work is rather an exception. In addition, not all cities have a wide labor market for students; the possibility of such a side job is only in the largest administrative centers like Moscow and St. Petersburg. In addition, many lawyers, having received a secondary special education, go to work in their profession, while continuing their distance learning at a university - why deprive people of career opportunities?
By limiting distance learning, the Cabinet is in no hurry to increase scholarships for full-time students. Last year, the government rejected a bill that proposed raising payments to the subsistence level, agreeing only to index them by 4%. Currently, the state considers student scholarships not as a way to support students while they are pursuing a profession, but as a "stimulus payment", the amount of which can be arbitrarily low.
Unable to put things in order in the higher education system (after all, Rosobrnadzor itself issued accreditation to the so-called “sharashkin offices”), not wanting to support talented young people financially, officials prefer to resort to thoughtless bans, believing that they will have a positive effect.
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According to changes in legislation, Full-time teaching law is prohibited for persons without higher education
From September 1, 2017, the decision of the Ministry of Education and Science comes into force Russian Federation regarding the ban on distance learning of jurisprudence for those applicants who do not have a completed higher education.
The new educational standard is designed to improve the quality of education for future law graduates.
On the one hand, such a solution has many advantages: full-time higher education implies a larger (compared to part-time) amount of information given by the teaching staff, more Hours of hands-on practice to build skills. Jurisprudence is, first of all, a huge amount of information. Every day, normative legal acts are adopted that regulate almost all spheres of our life, and future graduates should be well versed in all these changes.
On the other hand, thousands of applicants this year expected to be able to choose a correspondence course for their law degree. Employee Information admission committee takes them by surprise. Applicants directly ask the question: "What to do?"
Most simply do not know about the existence of face-to-face absentee form, or it seems unusual to them, causes alertness.
According to this form, students will study on a weekday after work and on Saturday morning, that is, twice a week. So, for example, students are engaged in.
Part-time students will attend lectures, seminars, practical classes, and on other days they will study on their own. The teaching staff will be able to assess and, most importantly, help the student master the material at an early stage.
Why is this form of education better than daytime? The answer depends only on the personality of the student himself, on his motivation and career goals.
Some students are able to study only under the guidance of a "mentor", they believe that it is possible to prepare and become a good lawyer, devoting only the time allocated for the session to this. During the intersessional period, such students do not study. Here, probably, lies the problem - the correspondence form for this category of people is contraindicated.
At the same time, there are students who are able to regularly open the textbook and regulatory legal acts and analyze the information received. Many people find it very helpful to assimilate information by working in a similar specialty, where they willy-nilly have to turn to the text of the law and develop the skills to prepare documents. Correspondence form of education would be suitable for these categories of students.
Altai Institute of Economics SPbUTUiE accepts students for educational programs higher education for full-time and part-time forms in the areas of training: management, economics, jurisprudence and full-time part-time in jurisprudence.
The Ministry of Education and Science is going to introduce a ban on receiving the first higher legal education in absentia. The results of a survey conducted by Pravo.ru in the wake of the discussion of this idea showed that there are almost twice as many supporters of full-time education. Experts say that the problem of higher legal education is its low quality, and not the form of education.
60% of correspondence students are economists and lawyers
The fact that the Ministry of Education supports the idea to ban the correspondence form of the first higher education for a number of specialties, it became known on March 17 at a meeting of the Global Universities Association. This proposal was previously made by representatives of educational and methodological associations in the field of management, economics and jurisprudence. According to Alexander Sobolev, head of the department of state policy in the field of education, the Ministry of Education and Science has already prepared the wording of the standard, which provides only full-time education in these areas. “We have half of the part-time students in the country - 2.5 million part-time students out of 5 million students. 40 percent of part-time students, even 60 percent is economics, law,” HSE Rector Yaroslav Kuzminov agrees with the need for changes.
The Federal Chamber of Lawyers, on the contrary, is an initiative of the Ministry of Education and Science: according to FPA Vice President Svetlana Volodina, her experience as a member of the qualification commission of the Bar Association of the Moscow Region suggests that part-time students are not always inferior in terms of knowledge to full-time graduates. “On the contrary, often a correspondence student is a person who has already gone to work, has understood the practical necessity of obtaining legal knowledge and is motivated to study,” she explained her position. Volodina also touched upon the topic of oversaturation of the market with lawyers, a large number of whom are not able to solve professional problems. She emphasized that these are not necessarily those who studied in absentia.
Theory vs practice
In the wake of the discussions that swept the public in connection with the new initiative of the Ministry of Education, Pravo.ru organized a survey for users of its site on the topic "". The vast majority of respondents (43%) are convinced that a lawyer must know the legal theoretical base, and it is possible to master it only through full-time education. Almost half as many respondents (22%) believe that practical experience is now more valuable for a lawyer, and he can quite well acquire theoretical knowledge in absentia. At the same time, 32% of Internet users who took part in the survey insist that the form of education does not affect the quality of legal education and the professional level of law school graduates.
Legal trade in diplomas
There were also many who wanted to express their point of view separately in the comments. “I studied at the evening at the Moscow State Law Academy, then I regretted it,” complains Elena’s legal adviser. good grades, but a weak specialist." "I taught for five years: both full-time, and part-time, and part-time, and the second higher education. There are very serious correspondence students, however, very few, - lawyer Alexander admits. “Most of them came to get an inexpensive diploma from a prestigious university.” Almost half of full-time students study to be professionals, in senior years they work in their specialty. “Perhaps, in the regions this is arranged differently,” the lawyer makes an amendment. “But the zaochka is the legal trade in diplomas.”
Some commentators are seriously advocating the abolition of correspondence education, at least the first one. Someone is ironic: "Let's abolish the school by the same principle. How, for example, in the interpretation of the Ministry of Education, a correspondence teacher is more qualified than a correspondence lawyer?" And the user under the nickname ufit is convinced that such an initiative will simply deprive most of the population of the chance to get a higher education in their chosen specialty, since "not everyone has the opportunity to just study, but, as practice shows, you need to work and study." "External students are often head and shoulders above "full-time students," the commentator believes. "They initially understand where they invest their earned money."
The problem is the quality, not the form of education
The number of supporters of full-time legal education is growing, primarily against the backdrop of a rather low qualification of legal graduates in general, believes lawyer of the company "Khrenov and Partners" Andrey Ivanov. There has been and remains a high demand for a law degree in the country. However, despite the nominally high number of graduates with a higher legal education, there is still an acute shortage of highly qualified lawyers. At the same time, an expert would put distance education as a reason for this phenomenon far from being in the first place.
"The experience of our company shows that we get the most return from graduates with a good theoretical background, since it allows them to cope well with practical tasks. Especially under the guidance of experienced colleagues," Ivanov emphasizes. However, the problem of higher legal education lies in its low quality in general, and not in the form of education. It is necessary to increase the requirements for the programs of law faculties, accreditation of universities, and exams. “After all, self-education is the basis of any learning,” the lawyer adds. “However, this does not mean that it can replace high-quality full-time education built on case studies, when students, having received good theoretical training, apply it in an atmosphere of legal dispute and mentoring experienced professors.
Of course, a lawyer needs a full-time education, I am convinced Managing Partner of the Moscow Bar Association Gorelik and PartnersLada Gorelik. “The main thing that is taught in full-time education is the development of the so-called “legal logic”, which can be mastered only by being in constant contact with teachers and other students,” the expert explains. “Moreover, not only legal theorists, but also current lawyers: prosecutors, lawyers, notaries... They usually build lecture courses based on practical experience and play real situations." “I myself only hired a lawyer with honors twice, and both times this experience was more negative than positive,” admits Gorelik. It is not enough to memorize the laws, the work of a lawyer is extremely creative: there are a huge number of tasks for which you need to find a legal, working, but at the same time non-standard solution.
A working part-time student is essentially the same part-time student
Statistics in favor of full-time education is primarily due to the fact that people who themselves have received full-time education give preference to it, considering their own experience as positive, believes partner "Nektorov, Saveliev and Partners" Marat Davletbaev. In his opinion, modern technologies contribute to the fact that the possibilities of distance education are only expanding - gradually full-time and part-time forms of education will increasingly converge until the merger. "The vast majority of low-skilled lawyers were graduates from full-time departments of low-quality universities," the expert believes. "And the oversaturation of the market is due to distorted signals about the high demand for and payment for lawyers' services."
"As an employer, I approach it very simply: a university is the first" job "of a student, notes Anastasia Taradankina, Partner at the Delcredere Bar Association. - The professional task in it was to obtain a good knowledge of law. If he does not have a strong theoretical base, he has not coped with the task. The theory of law is the foundation, without it it is impossible to give creative ideas, quickly navigate in court. "A lawyer needs a very good theoretical base, this is a feature of the profession, - I agree Ivan Katyshev, head of the group of legal services at Intercomp. - There should be not just knowledge, but what is called a way of thinking, professional deformation. This is achievable only with full immersion in training - for the whole day, for at least four years.
More priority is still full-time education, I agree Lawyer of the company "Business Fairway" Anton Sonichev: there is more control over students and their learning. “The theory of law science itself, in fact, does not take the years that are needed to obtain a diploma,” the expert complains. “It can take more than 1.5-2.5 years - the rest of the time in universities is devoted to non-legal subjects and direct study laws." However Russian legislation changes very often, so general theory it is important to know, but the laws themselves and how to draw up various documents are quite possible and even more desirable to learn in practice, Sonichev believes. He also adds that if a full-time student works and studies, then in essence he is no different from a part-time student - he also rarely attends a university and devotes most of his time to work.
By example
Until now, correspondence diplomas have not prevented lawyers from pursuing a successful career. So, in the All-Union Correspondence Law Institute, such representatives of the legal community as the chairman of the Moscow City Court Olga Egorova, Moscow State Law Academy named after O.E. Kutafina Anatoly Kucherena and plenipotentiary of the government of the Russian Federation in the highest courts Mikhail Barshchevsky.
The form of education does not affect the professional level of graduates of law faculties, I am convinced lawyer Vera Efremova. “I myself am proof of this. Having received a specialized secondary legal education in college, I entered the correspondence department of the law faculty,” says the expert. I passed the exam at the Chamber of Lawyers of the Moscow Region and received the status of a lawyer." Correspondence education did not affect my qualifications in any way and did not prevent me from passing the exam, Efremova emphasizes, adding that the choice of one form or another of legal specialty education should remain the prerogative of the student, not the state.
Deputy Director for scientific work legal group "Yakovlev and Partners" Anastasia Ragulina also notes that the correspondence department of the law faculty did not prevent her from becoming a candidate of legal sciences and an associate professor at the Moscow State Law Academy. “If we talk about schoolchildren who have just completed grade 11, then for them full-time education will be more preferable, especially if the parents have the financial opportunity to support the child,” the lawyer believes. “As for students who want to study and work ", then for them the evening uniform will be a priority. If we talk about adults with higher education, about those who have a family, then the extra school is a salvation for them." If a person wants to become a highly qualified lawyer, he will study all his life, improving and honing his knowledge, and it does not matter whether he studied full-time, part-time, part-time, the expert concludes.
“Universities want to abandon part-time education” - such a statement was made by the First Deputy Minister of Education of the Chelyabinsk Region Elena Kouzova at a press conference in the editorial office of AiF-Chelyabinsk. The elimination of distance learning will affect the vast majority of universities throughout the country. In its place will come full-time form. Students will attend couples in the evenings all year round, with tuition nearly doubling.
It will not be so easy to get a second higher education or “finish your studies” while being employed. six weeks a year and two examination sessions will become a thing of the past along with the most affordable education.
Down with sloppiness
On November 1, 2018, regional universities will publish the admission rules for the next academic year. Then it will be clear who will be at the forefront of this reform. Although the first statements are already there.
“At our university, admission to distance learning ends on September 5, 2018,” says Anatoly Yakushev, director of the Chelyabinsk branch of the Financial University. - From 2019, part-time education will replace part-time education. It will be held in the evenings three times a week for the entire academic year. Two couples from 18.20 to 21.30 and on Saturdays.
Learning will be more difficult. Imagine running to class after work, hungry and tired because you don't want to be late. This time. The second is the price. In 2018, distance learning at the university costs around 45 thousand rubles, a "point" - 110 thousand. So take the average amount, part-time will cost about 80-90 thousand rubles.
"Evening" education brings us back to the Soviet past, when absenteeism was almost zero. At the school, you still feel some kind of Russian sloppiness in relation to study.
Process started
“Changes are related to the quality of student training,” explains the First Deputy Minister of Education Chelyabinsk region Elena Kouzova. - "Zaochka" assumes complete independence and responsibility of the student himself, in part-time form, responsibility for the level of knowledge, including the responsibility of teachers.
We will be able to tell about the features of the reform only by the beginning of the next school year when we are familiar with all the orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Another question arises: are all universities ready to increase the burden not only on students, but also on teachers.
“There will be no questions about the lack of teaching staff,” continues Elena Kouzova. - Universities have no problems with personnel now. As for the other mode of work - outside the regular time, colleagues have the opportunity to earn extra money absolutely legally, officially and within the framework of the subject that they know well.
Talks about the abolition of distance learning began in 2016. Then the head of the federal Rosobrnadzor, Sergei Kravtsov, announced that from September 1, correspondence courses in legal, economic areas, as well as the direction of "state and municipal management" are cancelled.
SUSU confirmed that in currently there is no correspondence form of education, for example, in such areas as architecture and English language, jurisprudence by correspondence is possible only for those who receive a second degree. But Moscow State University has not been accepting correspondence for a long time, but this independent solution university leadership.
