Compliance with the rules of law and legislation is what any developed state in the world strives for. To comply with the laws and use them correctly, we need specialists who can help the organization or any citizen. The legal specialty remains one of the most sought after in Russia, but to become a lawyer you need to get a higher education. The first question that arises among future applicants of a higher educational institution is what subjects you need to take for a lawyer upon admission.
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What items do you need to know
Lawyers are humanitarians, they are not required to have knowledge in technical disciplines. However, the chosen specialization imposes certain requirements on the student. According to the law on education, educational institutions must accept students after grade 11 based on the results of the USE. Choosing jurisprudence, what to take in the exam, every applicant should know. The future specialist should be able to:
- compose texts correctly;
- confidently express your thoughts on paper and at a meeting .
Grammar errors should not be brought to the attention of the court or the board of directors. That's why - required subject which must be taken to become a lawyer. Social science - profile discipline knowledge of which is necessary for admission to the Faculty of Law.
These are the foundations of jurisprudence primary education future specialist. History is a necessary subject, the scores for which are of interest to the selection committee. Knowledge of history requires remembering the dates and sequence of events, which will become one of the main conditions for future work.
It is better to decide on the institute in advance in order to know what you need to take for the exam, as some universities require knowledge of a foreign language and even mathematics. Despite the law on education, The university may require an additional passentrance exams By:
- Russian language;
- stories;
- social science;
- foreign language.
The Russian language exam takes the form of a dictation, but some educational institutions offer to write a summary. Examinations in history and social studies are traditionally taken in written or oral form. The history exam includes questions from all eras around the world. When asking what it takes to become a lawyer, you need to understand that competition for this specialization high enough. So knowledge above average and eloquence will help.
Interesting! Oratory has helped to make a career for many lawyers who have reached the highest positions in their states.
Directions of jurisprudence for a future specialist
Average special education can only make a graduate a paralegal. When asked what to take in order to get a secondary specialized education, the answer will most often be - nothing, the result is enough school exams. Secondary specialized education can be obtained after the end of the 9th grade.
Jurisprudence is divided into three areas:
- civil law;
- international legal;
- criminal law.
The first trains civil law specialists, that is, they are notaries, legal consultants, those who defend the interests of citizens and enterprises. The second direction trains specialists working in diplomatic missions or in companies concluding contracts with foreign partners. The third direction is focused on the release of investigators, lawyers, prosecutors. The question invariably arises, what exams should be taken for a lawyer from the chosen specialization?
And the answer will be the same: Russian language, social studies, history. But there are nuances. Deciding on desire become an international lawyer, which subjects you need to take when entering a university - these are, of course, foreign languages.
Important! It is desirable to have an international certificate confirming knowledge foreign languages.
If a student dreams of a career as a notary, then the faculty where they are taught does not exist. First you need to get a higher legal education in the civil law direction. Then the specialist must undergo an internship with an acting notary as an assistant. There are legal regulations that determine the number of notaries depending on the population, infrastructure development, transport network and other factors.
A notary is one in which there is no staff turnover. An internship as an assistant can last for years. And to become an assistant, you need to pass the test and pass it on highest mark. After completing the internship, you must pass the qualification test work for a notary of a special commission, and obtain a license to conduct activities.
Choosing Criminal Law
The answer to the question what subjects do you need to take to become a criminal law lawyer, will be similar to everything else: history, social science, Russian language. When choosing the field of criminal law, it is better to enter a specialized university, for example, the Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. This option is suitable for young men who served in the army and entered the police service. Girls can also become investigators, lawyers or prosecutors. Graduates who have graduated from a specialized university are provided with work in the investigation. You can go the other way, but you will have to look for work yourself:
- Enter a regular university with a law faculty.
- Choose a criminal specialization in the third year.
Having chosen a criminal specialization, a person cannot immediately after graduating from an educational institution get the required status.
To become a lawyer, after graduating from a university, you need to train as an assistant in a law office for two years, or work as a lawyer. The exam for the profession of a lawyer, which must be taken after the end of the internship, will include about 500 difficult questions. A lawyer must be a member of a special collegium.
To become a prosecutor, you also need to graduate from a higher educational institution at the Faculty of Law. Then you need an internship as an assistant prosecutor, or you can work as an investigator.
Important! Persons under the age of 25 are not appointed to the post of prosecutor.
To become an investigator, it is enough to complete training in criminal specialization and come for an interview at the internal affairs bodies.
Whichever student chooses, there is a set of conditions:
- absence of a criminal record of the applicant and relatives;
- excellent health;
- readiness for extracurricular, physically and morally difficult work.
What subjects do lawyers study?
What subjects are taught in law school? In addition to the disciplines that make up the cultural level of a person, such as philosophy, political science, the concepts of natural science, much attention is paid to specialized subjects.
You can learn programming on your own, but only those who study according to proven programs have a career head start. Where and how to act in order to master the profession?
- It is necessary to decide on the direction (a specialist can write programs or look for vulnerabilities in the software used, design and maintain internal corporate networks, be responsible for communications and communications, and build the business IT infrastructure).
- Collect a package of documents.
- Pass the entrance exam for a programmer.
How to become a programmer
The test format for admission to the Faculty of IP may differ depending on the choice of specialty, the level of professional training and the age of the applicant. What exams do you need to take to become a programmer? Difficulty level may also vary.
- For talented enthusiastic young people who have already distinguished themselves in school or college, there is the possibility of admission after an interview.
- Often candidates are internally tested.
- School graduates need to score a passing score for the required exam as part of the USE program.
- 9th graders entering college will get by with a good GPA or can “get” points in the OGE.
What items to take
What subjects are needed to enter the programmer are determined by a particular university. For admission to the "Synergy" faculty Information systems Examinations are provided for two compulsory and one core subject. Compulsory disciplines:
- mathematics,
- Russian language.
Which third exam you need to take depends on the specialty. To enroll in a bachelor's degree, a future IT specialist with a wide profile must pass computer science. A programmer in the field of software and systems administration, as well as a future expert in instrumentation and telecommunications, passes Russian, mathematics, physics.
What to take when going to college
Along with undergraduate and graduate studies, our university practices vocational training future programmers in college. Graduates of 9th and 11th grades have access to the profile of an IT specialist-generalist. Young students with a predominantly mathematical approach to problem solving may be admitted without an examination.
For admission, a good average attestation score is sufficient. For both 9th graders and 11th graders. We keep the doors to the future of technology open for the keen student.
Reasons why you should choose this field
The term of study ranges from 2 years 10 months (college) to 6.5 years (higher master's education). Why is this time worth investing in professional training to unlearn to be a programmer?
- A programmer is the highest paid profession after lawyers (world statistics).
- The deficit of competent IT-specialists in Russia alone is more than 1 million vacancies. Employment - quite frequent the question of university graduates is not relevant for this profile.
- Programming is the profession of the future. Computers are confidently gaining ground in all areas; today, de facto, a serious business without an IT infrastructure cannot function successfully.
Among young engineers, technicians, extras, many are thinking about changing their qualifications to a programmer.
Is it hard to study
Programming is a complex industry, the amount of knowledge needed here is colossal. Therefore, it is difficult to talk about simple learning in its context.
During the training, the student will take a lot of purely technical subjects - matan, graph basics, probability theory. They are not easy for everyone, they are accompanied big amount calculations.
But despite the complexity of the study, it remains interesting. We made sure that our future programmers could “apply” every block of acquired knowledge in real business practice. Plus, we hold forums, webinars and seminars with the participation of recognized representatives of the profession.
Programming is the whole world. It requires diligence and a responsible approach to learning, but is filled with world-changing discoveries from the very first weeks.
Journalism - creative specialty, therefore, the rule of “three USE” does not always apply to applicants. In order to apply for most journalism departments in the country, it is enough to submit USE scores in two subjects: Russian language (mandatory for all specialties) and literature.
Instead of the third exam, applicants take creative or professional tests which are carried out by universities independently, in full-time.
However, exceptions to the “Russian plus literature” rule are possible: in some educational institutions, an applicant may be required to USE results one more subject. It could be:
- a foreign language (in particular, it is required for admission to Moscow State University),
- social science,
- story.
What subjects are passed for admission to journalism at the university
Universities develop the program for additional creative and professional tests on their own, so the exam format and requirements can vary greatly. Therefore, what exactly you have to take - you need to check with the university where you plan to enter.
In most cases, the test is divided into two parts:
- written creative work (essay),
- interview.
This can be considered as one exam in two parts (maximum score is 100 points in total, with the "weight" of each part determined by the university) or as two separate tests, each of which is scored on a 100-point scale. When forming the rating of applicants, the scores for the USE and creative tests are summed up.
When writing an essay applicants are usually offered several topics to choose from, and most universities include topics with a “professional” bias in the list - socio-political, devoted to the profession of a journalist or the media in modern world and so on. A fairly common requirement is full or partial compliance creative work any of the journalistic genres (reportage, essay, problematic article, and so on).
The interview can take place in the format of a free conversation, the purpose of which, as a rule, is to form an opinion about general level development of the applicant and his horizons in the field of media, preferences in journalism, attitude to the chosen profession, awareness of the decision to become a journalist.
However, quite often the interview turns into a kind of exam: applicants draw tickets with questions and answer them. The test program, questions and a list of recommended literature in this case are published in advance on the website of the selection committee, so that the applicant has the opportunity to prepare. Most of the questions are about:
- history of journalism
- funds mass media in modern world,
- features of media of different types,
- characteristics of the main journalistic genres and so on.
Most journalism departments work training courses or “small faculties”, focused specifically on preparing for creative challenges, and attending them greatly increases the chances of successful admission. A serious “plus” in preparing for the tests will be the experience of working in the editorial office of teenage or youth media or the experience of working with “adult” publications - this allows you to better know the profession and get to know the editorial process “from the inside”.
Is a portfolio required for admission to journalism?
By the time they enter the university, many journalism applicants accumulate an impressive folder with publications, diplomas for victories in children's journalism competitions and other documents confirming success in the chosen field of activity. However, whether this will affect admission depends on the university.
Sometimes a portfolio is recommended to bring to an interview - and it affects final grade. Or it can be evaluated selection committee by giving additional points for individual achievements. In most cases, "in offset" of individual achievements are accepted:
- victories on All-Russian Olympiads in specialized subjects or official olympiads in journalism;
- certified publications in registered media;
- victory in journalism competitions or olympiads that took place on the basis of the university you are applying to.
In addition, depending on the rules of the university, other evidence of your readiness to study journalism may be considered as part of the portfolio. For example:
- publications in unregistered media (including school level);
- certificates of participation and diplomas of winners of children's journalistic competitions and other competitions of "related" areas (literary, photo and video creativity, graphic design, etc.);
- characteristics-recommendations from the media editors with whom you collaborated or leaders of children's journalistic circles.
Some graduates wish to devote their lives to psychology. But in order to become a good specialist, they have to endure a series of tests.
More and more young people want to acquire a profession that society needs. And then they turn their attention to psychology. Such specialists are in demand, receive a good salary and are not familiar with the routine at the workplace.
Profession psychologist
A psychologist is a specialist who helps people in solving problems through conversations.
People who have received this specialty will have to understand the intricacies of the human psyche, learn to be an attentive listener and sometimes help make fateful decisions.
Family psychologists help restore harmony in relationships and avoid separation. Such specialists will need to listen to both sides at once in order to help make the right decision. 
Child psychologists are very popular. They have to understand the most complex psyche - the child's.
Such a specialist is needed in order to help get rid of the problem when it is still in its infancy.
Pros and cons of studying at the faculty
Like any other profession, psychology has its pros and cons. To begin with, we can say that studying to be a psychologist is not easy, but very interesting.
In addition, in the profession you can find such advantages:
But there are a number of disadvantages that you also need to pay attention to when applying:
- the psychologist has a great responsibility when he helps to make a decision;
- the psychologist must definitely understand the situation and give advice, the specialist does not know how to get away from help in solving the problem;
- at first it will not be easy to come to terms with the fact that other people think differently and no one has the right to condemn them for this;
- most psychologists pass every human tragedy through themselves.
After 11th grade
For 11th grade graduates, a list of subjects for passing the exam looks like that:
- Russian language;
- mathematics;
- social science;
- biology.
But it is worth clarifying the list at the university to which the graduate is going to apply. Some educational institutions allow you to choose to take only biology. 
After 9th grade
Becoming a good psychologist is not easy. Because so few educational institutions who are ready to give this specialty to 9th grade graduates. It is much easier to first study as a nurse or a nurse, and then continue your studies at the Faculty of Psychology.
In order to enter Medical College, you need to pass the following exams in the form of the GIA:
- Russian language;
- mathematics;
- chemistry;
- biology.
Important qualities
In order to enter the psychologist, it is enough to pass the exams well. But this is not enough to become a good specialist. Psychologists must have special character traits that will help to work with people. 
These features are:
- respect for the individual;
- tolerance;
- desire to learn all your life;
- listening skills;
- the ability to empathize;
- goodwill;
- responsibility;
- determination.
Psychology is a responsible and interesting profession that gives you the opportunity to develop throughout your life. Making a choice in favor of psychology, future students can be sure that people will need them.
Video: Psychologist. Introduction to the profession
Despite the ambiguous attitude towards compulsory state exams among school graduates and their parents, cancellation of the exam 2019 is definitely not to be expected. Judging by the trend that took place in 2017 and 2018, students will have to prepare even better for the final tests and start preparing not at the beginning of the 11th grade, but much earlier.
If in the 2018-2019 academic year you have to finish school and choose a university, we strongly recommend that today you become interested in such questions as:
Required subjects
Although today it is too early to talk about any final decisions regarding the final tests, which should take place in the 2018-2019 academic year, nevertheless, employees of the Ministry of Education and Science are ready to slightly lift the veil of mystery. We managed to find out that in 2019 the USE will definitely have new compulsory subjects.
Compulsory subjects are Russian language and Mathematics.
To compulsory subjects (basic or specialized mathematics and Russian) in 2019 could add history. The Ministry of Education and Science focuses on the fact that every citizen should know the history of his country and be able to distinguish historical facts from profanities and fakes, which in last years began to appear more and more often against the backdrop of confrontation between countries in the information field.
As a subject of choice, graduates will be able to choose:
- social science;
- physics;
- chemistry;
- history;
- informatics;
- foreign language;
- geography;
- biology;
- literature.
The list of foreign languages available for delivery will include: English, German, French, Spanish and Chinese.
As before, tests for future applicants will begin at the beginning of winter with the writing of the December essay, which has already become a traditional start of the graduation campaign.
Thus, already today, studying in the 10th grade, future graduates must decide in which direction they would like to continue their education and decide how many and what subjects they need to take for this at the Unified State Examination in 2019.
Innovations and changes in the USE 2019
If you believe the promises of Vasilyeva, then there will be no cardinal changes in the 2018-2019 season. The innovations introduced in 2017 and 2018 have proved to be excellent, and therefore will be preserved in the new exam tickets.
Such important changes:
- Mandatory oral part in the Unified State Exam in the Russian language (the exam will be divided into two days).
- A new task in the written exam in Russian at number 21, where you need to show knowledge of punctuation. And also the test part will include fewer hints than before. Comments on the topic of the essay will be highly valued (+ additional 5 points).
- Development of new KIM in literature, focused on the disclosure of the creative potential of the examinee.
- In the Unified State Examination in history, the quote should not contain extra information that is not related to the context, otherwise the answer will not be counted (this applies to task number 21). As for task No. 2, here you will have to fill in the table yourself, and not choose 2 of the 5 answers provided.
- Adding the so-called “integrated problems” to the mathematics tickets, for the solution of which students will need to accumulate knowledge from different areas of algebra and geometry.
- As for biology, task number 6 will be in the form of a picture, and not in text format.
- The Informatics exam will be held only with the use of a PC (without the "paper" part).
- Promoted maximum score for social studies - now he is not 64, but 65.
- Exam on Chinese with written and oral parts.
- Tightening the rules aimed at ensuring the reliability of the result.
Perhaps for schoolchildren who did not take a responsible approach to studying individual items and those who realized the lack of knowledge, only going to grade 11, the information about how many subjects they have to take on the exam in 2019 will be frightening. But, the purpose of such innovations is to provide competitive universities of the country with students with the necessary amount of knowledge.
For more information about the innovations that are expected in the Unified State Exam, see the interview with Olga Vasilyeva.
USE calendar for 2019
According to the approved schedule of the Unified State Exam December essay graduates 2018-2019 school year will write on the following dates:
- main session - 12/05/18;
- 1st retake - 02/06/19;
- 2nd retake - 05/08/19.
The early period will run from 03/20/19 to 04/10/19 according to the established schedule:
The calendar of the main session of the exam in 2019 will be as follows:
In September, graduates will be able to retake only compulsory subjects. The transfer schedule will be as follows:
Minimum and passing scores
Fulfilling USE assignments, the graduate recruits test scores, which are converted to final results on a certain scale. Whether there will be changes in the 2019 table is not yet known. But, with a high degree of probability, it can be argued that the system of the minimum and passing score will remain.
- Minimum score- a necessary condition for obtaining a document on education. Dial minimum score subjects are easy. To do this, it is enough to master the theory and practice at a basic level.
- Passing score- a necessary condition for entry into the university chosen by the graduate. Information about passing scores for a particular specialty at the university of interest should be sought on the official website of the educational institution.
Retake
One of the good news is the fact that in 2019 it will be possible to retake not only compulsory subjects, but also any USE exam. But, only one!
For graduates of previous years who received an unsatisfactory result, as well as for those who “failed” more than 1 subject or were convicted of violating discipline, there will be no retakes.
If the graduate could not appear on the day of the test for a good reason (documented), then he will receive 2 more attempts.
- on the reserve day of the session;
- during the fall session.
Since the USE certificate remains valid for 4 years, the autumn retake opens up the prospect of entering a university next year, or even in 2019-2020, to faculties with a shortage of students.
Preparation
Reading our article today, you thought in time about preparing for the final tests that await you in the 11th grade.
Experienced teachers, who have years of effective preparation of graduates for the Unified State Exam, recommend going to the intended goal according to the following algorithm:
- Determine which faculty you would like to enter.
- Find out what compulsory subjects (USE certificates) the university requires from applicants in 2019.
- Get acquainted with what changes are expected in 2019 in the main subjects of the Unified State Examination (the official website of the FIPI will help with this).
- Step by step repeat all the topics school course in subjects, practicing the solution of trial tickets 2018 and 2019.
- Attend exam preparation courses or contact a tutor.
Unfortunately, practice shows that just a good knowledge of the subject is not enough for successful delivery USE. It takes practice to solve tasks of a certain type. Gaining experience in solving USE tickets while preparing for exams, students form a strategy for completing assignments and gain confidence in own forces, which is an indispensable assistant in achieving success.
Subscribe to our updates or join our groups in in social networks and you will not miss important changes and the latest news about what to expect for 11th grade students at the Unified State Examination in 2019.
We also offer to watch a video of the All-Russian meeting of the head of Rosobrnadzor with parents, at which issues important for future graduates were raised.
