Preparation for the OGE in mathematics and for the USE in other subjects:
Tell me, would you like to spend the next 5 years in such a way that you remember them forever, so that they are the happiest in your life?
Would you like to be proud of yourself for the rest of your life?
And the most, perhaps, indiscreet question. Would you like to earn a lot more than the rest and be happier?
Ru. I have two higher education, several years of work in top international companies (PwC and E&Y), own consulting company...
But I started with I couldn't get into college.
For various reasons, but the main reason - I DID NOT BELIEVE THAT I NEED IT. And I didn't prepare.
And so, after I failed, the fun began.
It was embarrassing...
Because I had to answer the questions many, many times: “How?! You didn't get in?! Why?! You are smart!” You can’t argue ... You can’t say: “No, I’m a fool ...”
Then I had to go to GPTU. Now it's called beautiful word"College". And then this abbreviation was deciphered in a different way: "Lord, Help the Dumb One Settle Down."
In general ... it became completely unbearable. Because some of my friends did and somehow immediately became inaccessible.
They went to college, hung out in hostels, had fun, and I went to the factory and nailed the slats to the wooden panels on the conveyor and it was called training.
I took a panel, put slats on it, 12 shots with an air pistol and ... the next panel. And so 8 hours ... And so the whole life ...
And then there was the army - not the most pleasant place on earth. To be honest, it was real hell and just thrown out 2 years of life, so heavy that I could not even imagine.
A year of “study” at the GPTU (and in fact stupid, mechanical work at the factory) and two years of even more stupid and senseless service in the army were very convincing.
The value of education was clearly explained to me in a simple, intelligible way. I realized one thing...
I don't want to live like this!
I don't want to go to the factory, do mechanical work earn little.
And after the army, I gathered my strength and with great difficulty entered ... but not at the institute, but at the preparatory department, where they trained me for another year to enter the university.
It is unrealistic to enter a university directly after a three-year break in studies.
And only after the preparatory department, I was able to somehow “creep” on the budget to the institute. Not the best, but still...
There were two institutes, 6 years of the most beautiful fun!
After the second institute, I found a job and started getting more than my parents. AND the work was very interesting(much more interesting than nailing slats).
I went on business trips all over the country: I visited Nakhodka, Sakhalin, Baikal, the Arctic Circle, passed professional exams in the USA, went to training courses in Germany, Hungary. I talked to a lot of very interesting people, different languages. I made friends all over the world.
But… do you want to be honest?
It was incredibly difficult to get out of the hole into which I drove myself. I had to simultaneously earn my living, study, sleep very little, catch up all the time ...
Few can stand it.
Why am I telling all this? Not to brag. There is nothing to brag about here.
I can not understand…
Why did I so mediocrely miss the four best years of my life?!
And I encourage you to ask yourself a couple of questions right now...
Perhaps… you should be smarter than me? Perhaps it’s worth a little strain and enter the university of your dreams this year? Perhaps it's easier to enroll right after high school? Think. If the answer is yes, then read on...
On urgent preparation for the exam in mathematics
But first, one thought, which, I know, gnaws at many, many schoolchildren like you. Here she is:
I have no aptitude for mathematics. I won't be able to pass the exam.
Here's what I'll tell you about it. This is complete nonsense!
There are no people incapable of mathematics. There are people who are not capable of teaching it.
It may sound harsh, but it's true. Too many "teachers" are not capable of teaching.
The task of the teacher is not to demonstrate his knowledge (he should have it by definition), but to descend to the level of the student and climb with him at his pace along the steps of knowledge, explaining complex concepts on the fingers.
Maybe you just no luck with the teacher...
Look at the reviews for our textbook “For Dummies” on the site site. Pay attention to how many schoolchildren figured out difficult sections of mathematics for the first time thanks to the textbook and wrote to us about it!
Why is that?
Because we have created a textbook that simply explains complex mathematical concepts. Because with the help of it you can deal with any topic in mathematics on your own.
For these schoolchildren (and their parents and even grandparents!) our textbook has become an excellent electronic teacher!
Another question that also worries you very much:
How difficult is the exam in mathematics ?!
Take a look yourself. Before you is a schedule of those who took the exam in various subjects for 100 points for 2018.
It can be seen from the graph that there are only 0.03% of those who took the test and that mathematics as well as English are the most difficult exams.
So you need to seriously prepare for them. But do not worry, if you are reading these lines, you will know how to pass this ill-fated USE in mathematics!
Why can our USE preparation program in mathematics and our textbook “For Dummies” help you prepare in the remaining time?
It's all about the interaction of the five parts of the site 100gia.ru and the site
See what these parts are:
The school does not prepare for the exam for admission to the top university on the budget!
It is not clear what needs to be repeated, what tasks to pay attention to when preparing!
Where I live there are no good teachers and you can't find a tutor!
Which of these issues apply to you?
Mathematics preparation program for the Unified State Examination
Our program for preparing for the exam in mathematics is your electronic tutor. Its algorithms were developed by the best tutors in Moscow. You don't have to look for other materials, you don't have to think about anything - just go from module to module and solve problems. Like in a game. If you can't, analyze the answers and solutions.
At school I had a weak math teacher. I did not get anything.
I got sick and dropped out. Couldn't catch up.
Mathematics is a very difficult subject, accessible only to geeks!
I don't have math skills!
Have we already said that this is nonsense?
Textbook "For dummies" to prepare for the exam in mathematics
You are 100% good at math. Read the reviews for our textbook. A lot of people have figured out complex topics on their own. We have written this tutorial in a way that is understandable so that anyone can understand any topic. In simple human language about complex things.
I understood the course of the solution correctly, but did not notice the trap and solved the problem incorrectly!
The tasks were so unfamiliar! They didn't give us that at school!
The theory is clear, but the practice is not enough!
I solved difficult problems correctly. I know a lot and tried very hard, but I made a mistake on some nonsense!
Familiar, right? Be sure that all the tasks will seem unfamiliar to you on the exam.
Trainers by type and by topic
Therefore, it makes no sense to solve typical tasks all the time. You need to look for and solve original problems in order to learn to think and not be afraid if the task seems at first incomprehensible.
Our problems (especially complex ones) were invented by our mathematicians Elena Evgenievna Bashtova and Aleksei Sergeevich Shevchuk. The tasks are original, that is, unfamiliar. Just what you need. By solving them, you will learn to think and prepare for the exam in mathematics in the best possible way!
Do you know how often we hear this phrase?! Why is this happening?! Because you have not adapted to stress, solving tasks for a while, you are not used to controlling time.
Trial exam in mathematics
This part will allow you get used to stress, learn to control time and find out your true level.
You can take a trial exam in mathematics unlimited. The program selects every time new version tasks from the database of 6000 tasks.
Result trial exam, answers to each problem and solutions you you will receive immediately!
- I can't bring myself to study. I need someone to help and motivate me!
- I'm not sure I have enough time. There is nothing left before the exam ... nothing!
- I need help. I don't like to study alone.
Everything is simple!
Parent's office
In the parent's office there is an opportunity to see all the statistics of your progress. It is impossible to deceive him. Only correctly solved problems are displayed.
Together with your parents, you will be able to accurately estimate how much time you need to study per day in order to have time to complete the entire Program before the exam.
Our authors: who are they?
What exactly will you get by purchasing our USE preparation program in mathematics and access to the textbook “For Dummies”
Mathematics preparation program for the Unified State Examination
- 25 geometry modules;
- 25 algebra modules;
- An entrance test that determines the level of the student and a training program adapted to his level;
- Just go like in a game, from module to module;
- Parent's office (to help the student).
A great option for those who want to study on their own.
Why super? Because the most budget (but very high quality!).
Because prepared by the best tutors in Moscow as an electronic replacement for a tutor.
If you complete the Program to the end, increase your result by an average of 40%(according to a survey of students).
Simulators for solving problems by topic and type:
- 6000 tasks in the database for each topic and each type;
- All tasks with solutions and answers.
A great option for those who do not need a program, but need to get their hands on tasks on a specific topic or type.
to don't make stupid mistakes in simple tasks
to learn how to write the answer correctly
to achieve stability results
to step on all the rakes and learn solve problems with traps(of which there will be many on the exam)
not to be afraid to solve unknown problems (our problems are unique, you can’t download them on the Internet)
The best way to prepare with a simulator?
You read the topic in our textbook “For Dummies”, solve all the problems on the topic, and then solve all the problems on the same topic in the simulator.
Trial exam - unlimited.
- At any time, you can sit down and write a trial exam, for a while. And immediately get the result and analysis of tasks.
- Our trial exam is as close to the real one as possible.
You will know exactly what you are capable of.
And most importantly, you can feel exam stress(the test is for a while) and get used to it.
Parent's office.
You can help the student by complicating or vice versa simplifying his program.
can be assessed whether you have time to prepare for the exam or not, because you can see all the statistics of the student.
Textbook (written in human language)
You can understand any complex topic in mathematics just by reading a chapter from a textbook.
Don't believe?
Look at student reviews on any page of the textbook.
Where I live, no good teacher mathematics. I found your training course and practiced on my own for about 5 months. Plus I read your textbook and solved problems from it. Passed 78 points. For me, this is a lot! This is just a miracle! I recommend you to everyone!
Galya Ferzhikova
Was looking for inexpensive math courses for my son so I could figure it out and help him. I'm glad I stumbled across your course. Sometimes we studied together, sometimes separately, and now he is in his first year! I wish you and your project good luck!
Alexander Viktorovich Lovtsov
I took the exam 2 years ago when your course was free (thanks for that!). I have never been friends with mathematics, but your textbook helped a lot! I realized that I could master any topic. The preparation program was difficult at first, because I lied on your entrance test and got the program increased complexity. She's really complex. Then I passed the entrance test again and everything went fine. The ability to understand the material itself was very useful at the institute. I'm still reading the textbook :)
Galina K.- Student
Who is our textbook and training program for?
It is for the very smart, for the independent.
For those who do not have much money to hire tutors.
For those who are important to achieve everything on their own and then, at the institute, when neither dad, nor mother, nor tutors are nearby, not to get confused and get out of any situation.
Of course, we like the idea of studying with a tutor. But what about those who do not have much money to hire?
What to do with those who lives in a small village where there are no good tutors?
We think everyone should have a chance!
What do we not like about other USE preparation programs in mathematics and textbooks?
We don't like HOW most math textbooks are written.
It seems that they were written by people who knew and knew everything right from birth, and no one taught them addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, did not patiently explain tricky tasks step by step. On fingers. Understandable language.
No. They immediately knew how to “differentiate and integrate”, immediately understood the mathematical language as their native language.
Of course it wasn't. If they know math well, then someone messed with them, then they had a good teacher.
What is a good teacher?
This is not the one who knows everything and constantly demonstrates it, but the one who descends to the level of the student and climbs the steps of knowledge together with him, step by step, helping him so that he does not stumble.
In order for you to master something new, you first need to be explained to you on your fingers, then they will help you to consolidate it in practice, and only then you will be able to use this new skill very quickly.
It doesn't work otherwise.
That's what we tried to do in our tutorial.
What does our textbook and training program NOT do?
It's not just a theory. It's a focus on problem solving. Because at the exam in mathematics you will not be asked for theory, but for solving problems. If you need an ordinary textbook on theory - this is not for us.
They won't learn for you. If you're not in the mood to prepare, don't buy anything from us. We won't be able to help you.
For whom is our textbook and training program NOT suitable?
They won't work for you if you:
- unable to convince himself of the need to study;
- unable to regularly sit down, open the computer and study.
Or if you don't have someone to push and motivate you.
It can be your parents (In this case, open the parent's office for them so that they can see all your statistics and, if you are behind, help you)
It could be your friends. You can agree with a friend and open a parent's office for each other, compete with each other.
Thank you for the test exam!
I was very worried that my daughter would not cope with the excitement and she would not have enough time for a real exam. And here is your training program! We actually studied with a tutor, but on your site you only took a trial exam. Many many times.
The tasks are different all the time, but the daughter coped with them and this gave confidence. Passed the exam at 91!
Andrey Gusev
I have been using your sites since 8th grade. Mostly a textbook and training on topics. At school, they explain it incomprehensibly, your textbook is better!
If something is not clear, I first look at the tutorial and usually this is enough. But, if not, I solve problems in the simulator on the same topic until I feel that I understand everything.
OGE passed without problems. Now I'm preparing for the exam.
Irina Samoilova
Questions and answers:
What is on the site?e site?
The site contains our famous textbook “For Dummies”, written in human language, which allows you to understand the topic yourself. The explanation is “on the fingers”, very clear. If you look at the reviews under each topic, you can see how many students figured out difficult topics on one's own.
What is on 100gia.ru website?
The site 100gia.ru contains:
- Preparation program for the Unified State Examination in mathematics and the OGE in mathematics, as well as preparation programs for grades 8 and 10 (for those who would like to prepare for exams in advance);
- Simulators for solving problems by topic and type. For those who do not need a full-fledged training program, but who need to get their hands on solving problems of a specific type or on a specific topic. The database contains more than 6000 tasks with solutions and answers.
- Trial exam in mathematics and trial OGE in mathematics. For those who need to understand their real level, define weak sides feel the stress associated with lack of time and get used to it.
For what period is access to the textbook (website) given?
We give lifetime access to the textbook located on the site site. It is limited only by the lifetime of the site.
For what period of time do you give access to the site 100gia.ru?
We give lifetime access to all services located on the site 100gia.ru. It is limited only by the lifetime of the site.
Do you only prepare for the exam in mathematics?
Yes, we prepare only for the Unified State Examination and the OGE in mathematics.
How many options are available for the Trial USE in Mathematics and Trial OGE in Mathematics?
You can take the Trial USE and Trial OGE an unlimited number of times. The program generates every time new list tasks.
When are the results of the trial USE in mathematics and trial OGE in mathematics available if I pass them on your website?
Results are available instantly. You can also look at the correct answers and solutions to problems and understand where you made a mistake and what topics you need to tighten up. Further, these topics can be trained on simulators by topic or by type.
For what level of student preparation is your Training Program located on the 100gia.ru website suitable?
Our training program is suitable for any level of student preparation. Before the start of training, the student takes an entrance test and the system determines his level. Based on this level, the system develops a training program suitable for a particular student. Then the student learns according to his program, according to the principle “from simple to complex”, step by step, module by module, going through the entire program.
Where did you get the tasks from?
We wrote all 6000 tasks in the database ourselves. Simple tasks are like simple tasks from other sources because it's hard to come up with something original. But complex tasks are unique. Our mathematicians worked on them. They cannot be googled on the internet. Therefore, solving these problems will teach you to think and prepare you for the stress of the exam. It's no secret that on the exam, all tasks seem unfamiliar. So, this won't be a problem for you.
My child is writing. How can you help with this?
To be honest, it's hard to help in this situation. To obtain high score on the exam you need to learn to think, not write off. It takes time and work on your child's part. All that can be advised is to try to explain to the child the importance of the exam. It is most important. If you succeed, you can try to get as far as possible through the training program in the remaining time. You can open a parent's account, see all his successes and help him, praise, cheer...
What is the best way to study with our websites?
Option 1. You read the topic in our textbook “For Dummies”, solve all the problems on the topic, and then solve all the problems on the same topic in the simulator of the Preparatory Program for the Unified State Examination in Mathematics.
Option 2. Go through the Mathematics Preparation Program for the Unified State Examination and, if the topic is not clear, read the materials of the textbook “For Dummies” on this topic.
And now the story that I promised, that you should not give up under any circumstances.
1991 My friend is 24 years old. He is a 3rd year student. He has just had a baby, prices have been released in the country, and if he starts working in his profession after graduation, the money he will earn will not be enough for food... My wife and child live in a hostel in another city. That is, he and his family also have nowhere to live.
I don't know who told him, but he's in this situation For some reason I started learning English. In those days it was not as easy as it is now, it was not good textbooks, courses, teachers themselves could not always speak English well. But he took the textbooks that fell into his hands and studied them from cover to cover.
When he announced to everyone that he would enter International University they laughed at him openly. The university was supervised by Russian President Yeltsin and Moscow Mayor Popov. The university gave out-of-towners a hotel room for two. No one believed that it was possible to enter there “from the street”.
Further, what my friend did ... He understood that he has absolutely no chance of getting in. because of English. He also knew that the exam would include an essay in English on a free topic. And he thought that the topic might be: “Why do you want to study at the International University?”.
Again, what were the chances that he would guess right? Very small...
My friend hired a tutor, wrote an essay with him on this topic and memorized it to the comma. He wanted to write a few more essays on other topics, but he had no more money for a tutor.
And then he took and for some reason corrected one sentence in this essay - made it more grammatically complex, the same as in one grammar textbook ...
Exam
English was the last exam. And - a miracle! Indeed, there was such a topic in the essay and my friend diligently rewrote everything to the comma got 23 points out of 25 possible!
Did it help him?
Despite all efforts, he was 12th in the list of 10 budget places. It looks like you could give up. He did everything he could. But this guy wasn't like that.
He went to challenge the work on English language, because this is the only thing that could be challenged (mathematics and Russian could not be challenged). Although even if he was given 25 points out of 25, he still would not be enough to get into the top ten lucky ones. But he went...
He asked why he was given 23 points and not 25? The teacher replied that the essay was great, but he had one stylistic mistake and pointed to the SAME sentence that my friend corrected!
Imagine what a shame! He ruined everything with his own hands! End?
Yeah .. right now!
A friend finds the same grammar textbook right there in the department, opens it on a page with an example of that very complex grammatical construction and shows the teacher: “This is not a mistake, but a stylistic device.”
The teacher looks and gets inspired: “Ah, so that's what you meant! That's interesting... Okay. I’ll give you 25 points… and I’ll add another 2 points for my deep knowledge of the English language!”
Bingo! 27 points out of 25 possible! Just unbelieveble!
Did the guy get in?
It wasn't there. He became 11th in the list of 10 budget places ...
And then he had a dilemma. It was possible to transfer to another faculty, where he would have enough points, but this faculty, as he thought then, was not so interesting and he decided not to twitch, hoping that someone in front of him would leave the race ...
If you do not give up and do everything to be lucky, you will be lucky to the end!
And so it happened. Two girlfriends in front of him were transferred to the same easier faculty. They wanted to study together, but one of them didn't pass...
And he finished 10th...
International University changed everything in his life. He built an excellent career and everything is fine with him now.
Conclusion?
NEVER GIVE UP, MY FRIEND!
NEVER GIVE UP MY FRIEND!
You have… 3 months left.
Or already 2 or even 1 ... day! - doesn't matter!
Do not give up!
Take our textbook and learn as much as you can before the exam. Learn to solve problems in our simulator. Or take the Training Program and go through it as much as you can.
Try your best. Do not give up!
One day left?
Learn ONE topic and learn how to solve problems on it.
Perhaps this topic will give you those same 27 points out of 25 that EVERYONE will decide.
The main state exam (OGE) - a form of final certification for graduates of grade 9 high school RF. OGE is a prerequisite for the transition to grade 10. The result of the exam affects the certification marks.
Ninth-graders take two main subjects (Russian language and mathematics) and two optional subjects (among them: social science, history, literature, geography, biology, chemistry, computer science, a foreign language).
Grade 9 students are offered uniform tasks drawn up in accordance with the educational standard of the Russian Federation.
Until 2016, the control and measuring materials of the OGE included three parts (A, B, C). Subsequently, the tasks of Part A, offering the choice of one correct answer from several proposed ones, were excluded. Part B is a test type task where the student must give a short answer. Part C is a detailed answer in the form of a presentation, an essay on the problem posed or a step-by-step solution of a mathematical, physical problem.
How is the OGE conducted in various subjects?
The procedure for conducting the OGE is very similar to conducting a single state exam in 11th grade. The venue must be equipped with a video surveillance system and approved by the local municipality and the Ministry of Education.
At 9.00 a.m., graduates are distributed to special examination points (PET), at 10.00 a.m. the exam itself begins.
Each student is given their own place to perform KIMs. Before the start of the exam, all graduates are instructed on how to fill in the examination forms, the rules for conducting the exam, and the time for certification in a particular subject.
Examination in various subjects has its own characteristics. For example, a physics exam includes an experimental part. Chemistry involves the choice of a graduate: to use a real experiment or not. On the exam foreign language present oral part where the student's ability to communicate in the target language is tested. The computer science exam involves the use of computer technology.
What do you need to take with you to the OGE?
For ninth-graders who came to the exam, it is mandatory to have an identity document (birth certificate or passport) with them. The presence of several black gel pens is welcome. You must also bring to the exam the tools necessary for certification in a particular subject: rulers for mathematics, geography, physics, a calculator for physics and chemistry, etc.
You can take drinking water, light food, medicines (if necessary) with you. Students with special educational needs may attend the exam with special equipment.
Phones and other means of communication are not allowed at the OGE. They are located in a specially designated place at the entrance to the PES.
In case of violation of the rules of the exam, the student may be removed from the classroom.
If absent from the exam for a good reason, the ninth grader can take it later.
What will happen if I receive an unsatisfactory grade at the OGE?
If a graduate of the 9th grade received a “deuce” at the OGE in one or more subjects, he is given the opportunity to retake the exam in the same year at the set time.
If the grade cannot be corrected in this case, the retake will be postponed to the next year, and the student will receive a certificate of completion. At the request of the parents or guardians, the student can re-train in the 9th grade.
Task number 3.
FIGURATIVE AND EXPRESSIVE MEANS OF LANGUAGE AND SPEECH
| Term | Definition | Examples |
| Allegory (allegory) | Image of an abstract concept through a specific image | In fables, an allegorical embodiment: a fox - cunning, a hare - cowardice, a wolf - anger and greed, a donkey - stupidity. |
| Antithesis (opposition) | Contrast, opposition of phenomena, concepts, images, states, etc. Often expressed using antonyms. | Poetry And prose, ice And flame Not so different from each other. (A. Pushkin). « War And world"(L. Tolstoy)," Crime And punishment"(F. Dostoevsky). |
| Hyperbole (exaggeration) | Excessive exaggeration of the properties of the subject; quantitative strengthening of the attributes of an object, phenomenon, action. | One hundred and forty suns the sunset was blazing Summer rolled in July. (V. Mayakovsky). Million, million Red roses from the window, you see from the window (Song). |
| Inversion | Deliberate violation of the usual (direct) word order. | weaved out on scarlet lake light dawn. On the brink of calls capercaillie cry(S. Yesenin). He is from foggy germany brought the fruits of learning. (A. Pushkin.) |
| Irony (hidden mockery) | The use of a word or statement in a sense opposite to the direct one. The opposite meaning can be given to a large context or a whole work. | Where, smart, are you delirious head? (I. Krylov). An example of an ironic work is M. Lermontov's poem "Gratitude" (here irony comes to sarcasm - the highest degree of manifestation of irony). |
| Litotes | Understatement of the subject (reverse hyperbole). | Your Spitz, lovely Spitz, is no more than a thimble (A. Griboedov). |
| Metaphor | Word in figurative meaning; transfer is based on likening one object to another by similarity or contrast; hidden comparison. | In the garden lit rowan bonfire. (S. Yesenin). Placer cranberries in swamps Burn out V ashes frost (N. Kolychev). |
| Oxymoron (oxymoron) | A combination of words that are opposite in meaning with the aim of unusually expressing a new concept, idea (combination of incongruous) | But beauty their ugly/ I soon comprehended the sacrament. (M. Lermontov). "Living Powers"(I. Turgenev), "Living Dead"(L. Tolstoy). |
| personification | Transferring the properties of a person (person) to inanimate objects, natural phenomena or animals. | Moon laughed, like a clown (S. Yesenin). Midnight in my city window Enters with nightly gifts (A. Tvardovsky). |
| Comparison | Comparison of two concepts, objects, phenomena in order to explain one of them with the help of the other. | Like a tree sheds its leaves, So I drop sad words. (S. Yesenin). Dew drops are white like milk but illuminated by a fiery spark. (V. Soloukhin). |
| Epithet | A word or phrase that serves as a figurative characteristic of a person, phenomenon or object (most often a metaphorical adjective); "colorful" definition. | droplets crystal moisture; gray-haired dew meadow. (V. Soloukhin). From the oars to the shore curly trace fled. |
BRIEF DICTIONARY OF LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY
Antonyms- these are words of the same part of speech, different in sound and spelling, having the opposite lexical meaning. For example: altruist - egoist, hyperbole - litote, cheerful - sad, far - close, get up - sit down.
Synonyms - These are words of the same part of speech, similar in meaning, but different in sound and spelling. For example: scarlet - red
Phraseologisms- This stable combinations words that express a holistic meaning and function correlate with a single word. In the proposal are one member. For example : get into a mess, blood with milk, soul to soul, peel off like sticky, neither light nor dawn; everything flows, everything changes.
| Spelling prefixes. Task number 4 immutable prefixes (always spelled the same, regardless of pronunciation) | Prefixes on s-, s- (Spellingdependsfromvoiced-deafnessdependsfrom | pre - at |
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| Spelling does not depend on stress - on Onwrite | SpellingNotdepends onvoiced-deafnesssubsequent consonant // Notdepends onsubsequent consonant) pre- With- With pour, With give, With sew | beforevowels andvoiced consonantsroot spelledat the end of the fixture-z | before voiceless consonantsrootspelledat the end of the fixture-With | ||
| air- (air-) bez- times- (roses-) through- (through) (fromR ride ) | sun- (sun-) obes- ras- (ros-) through- (through-) (isP sort ) | pre= pen pre tear- pen tear pre= Very pre wicked - Very wicked |
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| ● accession: at glue ● approximation: at run away ●“ a little", a little, incompleteness of action: at burned ● next to something near: at school at maritime |
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| Remember! Unclear meaning! |
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| chase let stumbling perverse (changeable, unfaithful) seduce neglect | adventure claim oath bizarre adherent presence cook |
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| Differ in the meaning of the word |
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| pre to give (to give someone away) pre create (perform) pre bow down (respect) pre step (break) pre to be (to be somewhere) pre receiver (continued) pre walking (temporary) | at give (add) at create (close) at bow down (bent down) at step (begin) at to visit (to come) at receiver (device, apparatus) at walking (who comes) |
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IN uncertain And negative pronouns, as well as in negative adverbs under stress prefix is written NOT-, without accent – NO: Not" what to say - neither what "didn't do, didn't" at no one to ask at who" did not ask.
Task 5. Spelling of suffixes.
Spelling Н and НН in adjective suffixes (which one?)
| 1.If app. formed with suffixes - ENN-, -HE N- (stations he N ouch, cranberry enn th) Excl.: wind en th (but: without wind enn th) | 1.If app. formed with suffixes - AN-, - YAN-, - IN- (sand en th, silver yang th) Excl.: glass yann th, tin yann th, trees yann th |
| 2.If adj. formed from noun. Withbasis on H (Oldn n y - old man, karman n th - pocket, sheepskinn n th - sheepskin, weren n th - epic, mean nn th) | 2.If adj. educated without suffixes (Yunoh, blushnoh, swinoh go aheadnoh, rightnoh, greennouch, siney, ryanoh, drunknoh, bugnth) |
| Road length nn and interest n a (in a short adjective, the same number of N is written as in a full one) |
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Spelling H and HH in suffixes passive participles and verbal adj. (Which? what done?)
| HH ( full communion) | |
| Participles have a prefixand (except for the prefix NOT) : With broken branch. Exceptions : named brother, planted father, smart, dowry, ForgivenSunday. In participles formed from verbs perfect look : problem solved. Exception:wounded. dependent words:knitted girls gloves Presence of suffixes– ova- - - Eve-: ballova nnth child. Exceptions:forged, chewed. | Brief Communion: job not doneenA. Verbal adjective (no prefix, no dependent word, imperfective): knitted gloves, bechet n th wolf, sluggish n oh vobla, smoother n trousers, golden n products, scrap n th line, puta n th answer, ditch n oh wound, sowing n herbs, washing n oh underwear . In combinationsironed and ironed trousers, patched and patched fur coat. Exceptions: sacrednnoh, wishnnouch, nechayannoh, uglynnoh, invisiblennoh, unheardnnoh, slownnoh, bad lucknnoh, unexpectednnoh, readnnth |
H-, -NN- in adverbs on -O (-E) (How?)
In adverbs to - O And - e so much is written H, how many in adjectives and participles from which they are formed.
| H- derived from adj. With H | NN - formed from the verb. adj. With HH |
| miracles n
th - miracles n
O | scattering nn
th - scattering nn
O |
H-, -HH- in nouns (who what?)
-НН- and -Н- are written, as in the adjective or participle from which they are formed:
Task 7. Phrase.
| Ways subordination words |
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| agreement | control | contiguity |
| The dependent word is put in the same form as the main word. Questions: what? which? which? which? whose? whose? | The dependent word is placed with the main one in a certain indirect case with or without a preposition Questions of indirect cases: whom? what? to whom? what? whom? What? by whom? how? (o)com? (about what? | Dependent word - immutable word(adverb, gerund and N.F. of the verb) |
| APP. + N. | VERB + N. No. + N. APP. (COMP.) + NO. | |
| dependent word can be expressed: adjective (difficult task) - difficult tasks), pronoun-adjective(our Friend - our friend), communion (incoming wave - incoming wave), ordinal number (second entrance - second entrance) | dependent word can be expressed: noun (break up vase - smashed vase, hit in the back - blow in the back, × crimson out of shame ), pronoun-noun (say to him) , cardinal number (divide for five ), | dependent word can be expressed: adverb (loud crying) N.F. verb(ready help ), × gerund(work without ceasing ), form of the comparative degree of an adjective or adverb (boy older , come up closer ), invariable possessive pronouns (her girlfriend). |
Task 8. Grammatical basis offers.
SUBJECT AND WAYS OF ITS EXPRESSION
The subject can be expressed:
- noun in them. P.: Fog silver.
- places. in them. P. : ALL tired.
- infinite.(n.f. ch.): enemy destroy - big merit.
- whole phrase: two drops splashed in face. Me and a friend together wonderful live. One of us already visited in the museum.
- adj., incl. : Brave to victory seeks. Future belongs people of honest work.
- adv.. : Light Tomorrow in our hands, friends!
- counts.: Five - My lovely number.
3. PREDICIAL AND WAYS OF ITS EXPRESSION
| Simple verbal predicate | Compound verb predicate |
| Expressed in one verb form: Unsown grains will not ascend (excerpt. n.); - I wolf would gnaw red tape ( conditional n.); - let it shine Sun (led. n.); - I I will sing (bud. difficult); - He easily found common ground (phraseology, in which there is a conjugated verb form). | (auxiliary or short adjective glad, ready, able, must, intend + infinitive) wished wanted start + infinitive I will continue finish mustmonkey took it into her head work . |
| Compound nominal predicate |
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| linking verb + - to be, to become, to become, to be, to become, He is an engineer . - verbs of motion, states: Autumn came rainy. | nominal part(noun, adj., num., local, short par., adv.) - Greenery – is a song earth. Sky was V smallclouds . - Youth Always selfless . Is it true lighter sun. All room amber shine illuminated. - five plus five there will be ten . - Yes You who it? - To me sad. |
Types of one-part sentences
Main member - predicate
- Definitely personal : predicate - a verb in the form of the 1st or 2nd person singular. or many numbers of the present or future tense; in led. incl..
Waiting (waiting, waiting, waiting, waiting) news from you (I, we, you, you).
- Uncertain-personal: predicate - a verb in the form of the 3rd l. plural present and bud. temp. and in the plural form. past temp.
knocking (knocking) in the door.
- Impersonal: the predicate has no subject.
It's getting dark.
| Two-part sentences | impersonal proposals | How is the predicate expressed in impersonal offer |
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| It's getting light. | impersonal verb |
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| (state of nature) | |||
| Nicesmells bird cherry. | Nicesmells bird cherry. (environment state) | Personal verb in impersonal meaning |
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| I Not sleeping | To menot sleeping. (human condition) | Reflexive verb in impersonal meaning |
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| Will storm! | Be thunderstorm! (inevitability) | N. F. verb |
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| Eat beast stronger cats. | Stronger than the cat of the beastNo. (absence of something) | There is no invariable verb form |
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| In the forestAll quiet | In the forestquiet. (state of nature) | State word |
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| I sad | To mesad | State word |
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| No smoking! | State word (should, can, must not, must+ N.F. verb) |
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Task number 9. Separation of minor members of the proposal.
Separation of agreed definitions
Agreed Definitions (dependent word consistent with the mainr., h., p. ): before wooden house, at my sisters - agreement.
Separate agreed definitions expressed :
1. Participle turnovers or single participles:
A) Cloud, / fitting half the sky / , gradually dissipated.
B)/ Excited / ( single ), He spoke for a long time.
2) Common and single adjectives:
A) Sky , / thunderstorm / (common adjective), everything in the lightning trembled.
B) This thought / simple and clear / (single adjective), haunted.
Separation of inconsistent definitions
Inconsistent definitions - noun in R. p. with and without a preposition and other case forms with various prepositions: branches (which ?) birches ; boat (what?) with a sail ).
Application isolation
Application - definition, expressed by name noun, agreed with a defined word in case. The application gives a different name that characterizes the item.
Freezing-governor patrols his dominions.
He came with son, / ten year old boy /, to the exhibition.
Pushkin, / great Russian poet / , was born in Moscow.
Separation of circumstances
Circumstances answer the following questions: Where? When? for what reason? for what purpose? How? etc.
Separate circumstances are expressed:
1. Participles
gerund- This
invariant form of a verb that answers questions doing what? what having done? The gerund signal is suffixes -I (A), -B, -lice(chitaI, careI, readV).
Single gerunds and participles are almost always isolated.
The fire burned out long ago, | disintegration lice sit on the coals | , faded away .
2. Nouns with prepositions:
A) Nouns with prepositionsDESPITE THE, DESPITE THE:
/Despite the impending storm / , shewent into the mountains.
B) Circumstances causes with prepositions owing to, owing to, owing to, due to lack of.
IN) concessions circumstances with a suggestion despite
D) Circumstances conditions with prepositions in the presence, in the absence.
3. Clarifyingmembers(members of the sentence that clarify the previous member of the sentence and perform the same syntactic function with it.
Clarifying words in writing separated by commas.
Examples:
In the basement (Where?), /under the shelves
/
(where exactly?), grandfather kept his tools.
ABOUTadditions
Additions with prepositions: besides, in addition to, instead of, excluding, except for, beyond, along with, including.
* Except schoolchildren parents attended the evening.
10. Appeal - a word or combination of words that names the person to whom or what the speech is addressed to.
A) This labor,Vania , was terribly huge.
B) Neighbor, my light! Please eat.
IN) Oh heaven , above us blue! So this is the fate of your sons, oh Rome, oh loud power.
G) Hello,Sun Yes fun morning!
Introductory words - these are words or a combination of words with which the speaker expresses his attitude to what he reports, points to sequence of thoughts, indicates to the source of the message.
| The main groups of introductory words | Introductory words |
| Confidence | of course, undoubtedly, of course, certainly, certainly, without a doubt, indeed |
| Uncertainty | It seems, perhaps, probably, apparently, probably, perhaps, apparently, probably, apparently |
| Different feelings of the speaker in connection with the message | fortunately, unfortunately, to joy, to horror, unfortunately, to surprise, to chagrin |
| Message source | say, report, according to, in my opinion, according to, according to, according to |
| Order of thought, sequence of presentation | so, therefore, first of all, finally, by the way, so, for example, in this way, on the contrary, vice versa |
| Way of expressing thoughts | in a word, in general, in other words, so to speak, it is better to say |
| A call to draw attention to a message | you see (whether), you understand, please, let's say, let's say |
Remember:
Introductory words are not members of the sentence; they are separated by commas in the letter.
Tasks №12,14Difficult sentence
| Allied Means of communication: unions, allied words, intonation | Unionless Communication means: intonation |
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| compound | complex |
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| Means of communication: intonation, coordinating conjunctions unions:and, or, but (coordinating conjunctions also connect homogeneous members offers) Parts of a sentence equal : [Ascended young month], And [All around sunk in a fantastic light. | Means of communication: intonation, subordinating conjunctions, allied words (relative pronouns and adverbs) unions:what, to, if, when allied words:which, who, what, where, where, where, when, how Parts of a sentence unequal : There is main part And dependent (subordinate) , from the main to the dependent part, the question is asked , (connection word) [I'm having a dream], ( What I sleep soundly). | Means of communication: intonation Parts of a sentence equal (often formally equal) [Everybody knows] : [elephants are a curiosity with us]. |
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Complex sentence - is a sentence in which two or more simple sentences are connected by coordinating conjunctions ( and, a, yes, but, or).
[Breeze restlessly shuddered in the dark trees] And[somewhere far away grumbledthunder]. , And .
(Coordinating conjunctions are located between simple sentences, do not belong to any part.)
[Comrades treated hostile towards him, soldiers same loved indeed]. ( Same, same, same occupy an unusual place: they are inside the second part.)
Connecting
Coordinating conjunctions
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| And, yes (= and), not only... but also, also, and... and, neither... neither, both... , and |
| Dividing |
| or, or... or, either, either... or, that... that, or... either, not that... not that |
| opposing |
| A, yes (= but), But, but, however, however, but, only, not only ... but also |
difference compound sentence from a simple suggestion.
North breathes blown by the night And sagebrush sways (simple sentence).
if parts of a compound sentence have common minor member or general adnexal :
No comma is placed in a compound sentence with single conjunctions and yes (in the meaning of "and"), or, either in the following cases:
| [In September forest less often] And[bird vote quiet]. When the sun came up , [the dew dried up]And[ the grass has turned green]. |
| if the parts of a compound sentence are incentive, interrogative or exclamatory offers: Where will the meeting beAnd who is its chairman? how quiet it is aroundAnd How clear is the starry sky! |
Between parts of a compound sentence putdash if the sentence contains a sharp contrast or indicates a quick change of events, an unexpected result:
Put your stick on the waterAnd she will go with the flow.
She breathed in some air -And the smell of the cold sea.
I hurry thereA the whole city is there.
Complex sentence. Types of subordinate clauses.
| Kinds subordinate clause, questions | Attaching Examples unions and allied words | Sentence examples |
| Determinative. | allied words: which, what, where, where, which, when, from where, whose | Huge cloud (what?), which slowly moving across the sky, made us give up the walk. She ran to the room (what?) Where passed her whole life. |
| Explanatory. Questions of indirect cases. | Unions: what, how, as if, to, whether, as if not. allied words: when, where, how much, what, how | I know that?), What have to go. The boss asked (about what?), everything whether ready for the meeting. Gotta feel (what?) When you have to start talking. |
| Degrees and modes of action. In what degree? How much? How? How? | Unions: that, as if, as if, as if, exactly. allied words: how, how much, how much | The work was done like this (how?), to then don't be ashamed. She was so smart (how?) to not notice it. |
| Comparative. | Unions: as if, as if, as if, exactly, as | He was calm (how?) How still water. Life went (how?) as if the arrow flew. |
| Where? Where? Where? | allied words: where, where, where. | I came to (where?) Where I was directed. Everywhere is dear to me (where?), Where breathe freely. |
| time. When? How long? Since when? How long? | Unions: when, until, barely, as soon as, while, as long as, after | Bye tourists were preparing for hiking, they studied the rules of behavior in the forest. (When?) |
| Goals. For what? For what purpose? | Unions: so that, so that, so that, so that, so that. | I take a compass with me (why?) to don't get lost in the forest. |
| Causes. Why? From what? | Unions: for, therefore, since, because, due to the fact that, because, since | We agreed to go on Friday (why?) because wanted to arrive on time for the meeting. |
| Consequences. What happened as a result of it? | Union: So | It was light from the lanterns (due to what happened?), So we were able to read the ad |
| Conditions. Under what condition? | Unions: when, if, if, if, times. | I'm ready to meet you (under what condition?), If do not you mind. |
| Concessions. Despite what? | Unions: although, despite the fact that, let it be, for nothing. allied words: no matter where, no matter how, when no, no matter how much, no matter what, whoever. | I'm at home (no matter what?) Although good weather. |
Punctuation before conjunction HOW
Comparative turnover :
A comma is placed
Her eyes shone, green, like a gooseberry .
Introductory combination as usual, as always, as a rule :
On the way, as always, we ran into a cafe.
Application with reasons. value :
You, like first love, the heart will not forget Russia!
The sentence has a correlation. words so, such, that, so :
The lyceum gave Russia such people as Pushkin, Pushchin, Delvig.
After as follows and:
Trees, like people, have their own destiny.
Before comparative turnover costs Not or words quite, absolutely, almost , ...:
No comma is placed
The newspaper did not come out as usual.
Turnover as part of the predicate :
There was a forest like a dream and snow like a dream.
Turnover = "as":
Lensky was accepted everywhere as a groom.
With a double union, both ... and ...:
This topic has been covered as in poetry, and in prose.
Punctuation marks in unionless complex sentence .
Comma:
between parts of a relationship enumeration or simultaneity; complex sentence can be divided into several simple ones . Greentracks everything is like in the forestsmoking , fog everywhererises, water bubblessits down on the leaves. The offer consists of three parts.
Events are simply listed,
so between the parts is placed
COMMA.
Semicolon:
Between parts of a relation of enumeration or simultaneity, but parts are complicated(have separate members, homogeneous members, appeals, introductory words) or the parts are completely unrelated to each other. 1) Blackshadows and redglare moved on the ground /replacing each other /; 2) They Thatwere removed from the fire, thenapproached close to him.
Colon in non-union complex sentence
(): cause(because)
Love a book: it will help you sort out the confusion of life.
(): explains (namely)
The picture changed: the snow was standing, the damp earth was smoking.
(): complements(What)
Suddenly I feel: someone is pulling me aside.
(): omitted from the first sentence:and saw and heard and felt:
Seryozhka looked around: the fire was engulfing the school more and more.
Dash in a non-union compound sentence
() - () (= and)
quick change of events, unexpected result:
Cheese fell out - with him there was a cheat.
() - ()
(ah, but)
opposition
:
I have been serving for sixteen years - this has never happened to me.
time, action condition - () :
(when if)
They cut the forest - the chips fly.
() - result, output:
(so, so)
The smoky sun rises - it will be a hot day.
() - ()
(like, like, like)
comparison:
He says a word - the nightingale sings.
