About the course. Orkse - the foundations of religious cultures and secular ethics

Comprehensive training course "Basics religious cultures and secular ethics "(hereinafter - ORKiSE) implemented in 4 classes educational organizations in all subjects Russian Federation in accordance with the orders of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 11, 2009 No. (VP-P44-4632) and the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2012 No. 84-r.

From September 1, 2015, a comprehensive curriculum will be introduced into the curriculum for 4th grade students "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (ORKSE) 1 hour per week, including 6 modules. The child and his family choose to study the module that is most consistent with educational needs and family traditions, worldview and moral attitudes:

• "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures",
• "Fundamentals of secular ethics",
• "Fundamentals Orthodox culture»,
• "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture",
• "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture",
• Fundamentals of Jewish Culture.

The aim of the comprehensive course ORKSE is the formation of student motivation for conscious moral behavior based on knowledge and respect for the cultural and religious traditions of the multinational people of Russia, as well as for dialogue with representatives of other cultures and worldviews.

Main tasks integrated course are:

• acquaintance of students with the basics of Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish cultures, the basics of world religious cultures and secular ethics at the choice of parents (legal representatives);
• development of students' ideas about the importance of moral norms and values ​​in the life of the individual, family, society;
• generalization of knowledge, concepts and ideas about spiritual culture and morality previously obtained in primary school, the formation of the value-semantic sphere of the individual, taking into account the worldview and cultural characteristics and needs of the family;
• development of students' abilities to communicate in a multi-ethnic, multi-ideological and multi-confessional environment based on mutual respect and dialogue.

You can find detailed information about the "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" on the SPbAPPO website and on a special Internet portal.

Why is the subject “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” being introduced at school?

Subject "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" in modern conditions unique. For the first time in recent decades, Russian schoolchildren will be systematically introduced to the historical and cultural foundations of traditional religions: Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, which form the foundation of the thousand-year-old culture of our country, with national spiritual and ethical traditions.

Students, along with teachers and parents, will reflect on critical issues life: What is a man? What is a sense of life? Why is it necessary to follow good and avoid evil? How to build relationships with other people? Why does a moral person create and live, while an immoral one destroys and dies?

School teachers will consistently, deeply, professionally talk with children about morality, morality, spirituality, about their significance in the life of a person, family and society, about the soul, conscience, human duties, and reveal to them the vital meanings of traditional moral precepts.

One of the objectives of the subject "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" is to help parents in the meaningful content of family education. Each of the modules of the new subject reveals, taking into account the younger adolescence, the historical, cultural, moral foundations of one of the spiritual traditions: religious (Orthodoxy, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism, secular ethics) or secular (history of world religions, ethics).

Parents can choose the module that is consistent with family traditions, worldview, moral principles. This makes it possible to use the content of the chosen module in order to expand and enrich the content of family education, to strengthen the arguments in substantiating the need for children to choose moral forms of behavior, to widely use examples of spiritual achievement, moral deed, family and social service that are significant for the child.

Regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

(regional level)

1. Order of the Committee for Education of St. Petersburg "On experimental introduction course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics in educational institutions Petersburg"

Regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
(federal level)

"ON INTRODUCING CHANGES TO THE FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD OF PRIMARY GENERAL EDUCATION,
APPROVED BY ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF OCTOBER 6, 2009 N 373″

2. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 8, 2011 N MD-883/03
"About direction teaching materials ORKSE"

3. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 69 dated 01/31/2012 on the introduction of ORSE in primary school

5. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation

The choice of a subject is the legal right of the parents and must be free, voluntary and independent.

If, after some time after the start of the module, you and your child understand that the choice was made incorrectly, you can contact the school principal with a written application to change the module, indicating the reason.

The first 4 modules of the ORKSE are confessional. They are dedicated to the most ancient spiritual traditions of religion - Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism, but they are not doctrinal, but cultural in nature. Their study instills in children citizenship, patriotism, love for the family, nature, Motherland, respect for the rights and legitimate interests of fellow citizens, regardless of their social status, ethnic, religious and other affiliation. In addition, the appeal to traditional values ​​contributes to the formation of a strong spiritual and moral foundation and value orientations for the future adult life of the child, which will protect him from various kinds of addictions.

Module "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures" introduces elementary ideas about the history and features of the main religions of the world, with the cultural traditions of the peoples of Russia that affect people's lives.

Module "Fundamentals of secular ethics" forms students' initial knowledge of secular ethics, its role in history and modern life Russia, introduces the student to the norms of morality accepted in a secular society without relying on the cultural values ​​of the traditional religions of Russia.

Module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" has value not only for those who profess Orthodoxy. If a person sincerely strives to know and better understand the national history, literature, art, cultural traditions of the life of our ancestors, then he must have an idea about Orthodoxy. Orthodoxy is the historical foundation of the culture and statehood of Russia.

Structure of a comprehensive training course (34 hours)

• Block 1. Introduction. Spiritual values ​​and moral ideals in human life and society (1 hour).
• Block 2. Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics. Part 1. (16 hours).
• Block 3. Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics. Part 2. (12 hours).
• Block 4. Spiritual traditions of the multinational people of Russia (5 hours).

Blocks 1 and 4 are devoted to patriotic values ​​and the moral meaning of intercultural and interfaith dialogue as a factor of social harmony. Lessons within these blocks are held together for the whole class. At the request of the teacher, it is also possible to conduct joint final lessons in block 2 related to presentations creative projects students.

Block 4 - final, generalizing and evaluative. Provides for the preparation and presentation of creative projects based on the studied material. Projects can be both individual and collective. Parents are invited to the presentation of projects. During the preparation of the project, students get the opportunity to generalize the previously studied material, master it again, but in an active, creative, activity-based form. During the presentation of projects, all students of the class get the opportunity to get acquainted with the main content of all 6 modules, learn about other spiritual and cultural traditions of Russia from their classmates. The preparation and presentation of the project allow you to evaluate the overall work of the student and give him final grade for the entire course.

Study guides for a comprehensive training course

The textbooks "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture", "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture", "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture", "Fundamentals of Jewish Culture", "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures" and "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics" have been prepared for the pilot course "Fundamentals of Religious Culture and Secular Ethics" for grades 4-5 of elementary school. Each student receives one of the six offered teaching aids having a common structure of four blocks and connected by common methodological principles, as well as the goals and objectives of the course indicated above.

As methodological principle development of all teaching aids, a culturological approach was chosen that contributes to the formation of students' initial ideas about the foundations of religious cultures and secular ethics, taking into account the already existing range of knowledge of students, as well as interdisciplinary interaction. All presented materials are adapted taking into account the age perception of younger adolescents.

COMPLEX COURSE "FOUNDATIONS OF RELIGIOUS CULTURES AND SEcular ETHICS"

From September 1, 2012, the exchange rate was introduced in all subjects of the Russian Federation "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (hereinafter referred to as the course of the ORCSE) in accordance with the order of the President of the Russian Federation of August 2, 2009 No. Pr-2009 and the Order of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 11, 2009

Since the 2012/13 academic year, the ORKSE course has been mandatory in all educational institutions of the Russian Federation and is offered for study in the 4th grade from the beginning of the academic year, at the transitional stage from the primary to the main level secondary school(Order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 74 dated February 01, 2012). The course is designed for 34 hours. By place in curriculum, and in terms of content, it serves as an important link between the two stages of humanitarian education and the upbringing of schoolchildren. On the one hand, the ORSE curriculum complements the social science aspects of the subject " The world”, which elementary school students get to know, on the other hand, precedes the study of humanitarian subjects that begins in the 5th grade: history, literature.

The course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" includes 6 modules-textbooks: "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture", "Fundamentals of Islamic Culture", "Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture", "Fundamentals of Jewish Culture", "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures", "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics". ". All modules are coordinated with each other in terms of pedagogical goals, objectives, requirements for achieving final results, as well as in the system of content, conceptual and value-semantic links with other humanitarian subjects of elementary school. The content of the textbooks is coordinated with the leaders and authorized persons of the relevant religious organizations.

The textbooks of the publishing house "Prosveshchenie" (series "School of Russia") have successfully passed the examination in the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Education for compliance with the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary general education, are included in the Federal List of Textbooks by Order No. 253 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014.

The training course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" is cultural and is aimed at developing in schoolchildren ideas about moral ideals and values ​​that form the basis of the religious and secular traditions of the multinational culture of Russia, at understanding their significance in life modern society, as well as their involvement with them.

The purpose of the training course ORSE- the formation of motivation in a younger teenager for conscious moral behavior based on knowledge and respect for the cultural and religious traditions of the multinational people of Russia, as well as for dialogue with representatives of other cultures and worldviews.

Objectives of the training course ORSE:

1. acquaintance of students with the basics of Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish cultures, the basics of world religious cultures and secular ethics;
2. development of the younger teenager's ideas about the meaning of moral norms and values;
3. generalization of knowledge, concepts and ideas about spiritual culture and morality obtained by students in elementary school, and the formation of their value-semantic worldview foundations that provide a holistic perception national history and culture in the study of humanitarian subjects at the level of basic school;
4. development of schoolchildren's ability to communicate in a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional environment based on mutual respect and dialogue in the name of social peace and harmony.

Series "School of Russia"

Series "Perspective"

Planned development results subject

Personal results:

- to evaluate life situations and actions of people from the point of view of generally accepted norms and values, to separate the actions of a person from himself;

- explain and justify, from the point of view of generally accepted norms and values, what actions are considered good and bad;

- independently determine and formulate the simplest rules of conduct common to all people (the foundations of universal human moral values);

- based on these rules, make a choice of their actions in the proposed situations;

- feel responsible for your choice; understand that a person is always responsible for his actions.

Metasubject results:

In the study of the course must be listed below universal learning activities(UUD) - regulatory, cognitive and communicative.

Regulatory UUD:

- independently formulate the objectives of the lesson after a preliminary discussion;

- together with the teacher, to discover and formulate a learning task (problem);

- together with the teacher, draw up a plan for solving the problem;

- working according to the plan, compare your actions with the goal and, if necessary, correct mistakes with the help of a teacher;

- in dialogue with the teacher, develop evaluation criteria and evaluate their own work and the work of other students.

Cognitive UUD:

- navigate in your knowledge system: independently assume what information is needed to solve learning task in one step;

- select the sources of information necessary for solving the educational problem among the dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books and other materials proposed by the teacher;

- extract new knowledge: extract information presented in various forms (text, table, diagram, figure, etc.);

- read aloud and to yourself the texts of textbooks and at the same time conduct a “dialogue with the author” (predict future reading; put questions to the text and look for answers; check yourself); separate the new from the known; highlight the main to make plan;

- process the information received: compare and group facts and phenomena; determine the causes of phenomena and events;

- process the information received: draw conclusions based on the generalization of knowledge;

- convert information from one form to another: draw up a simple plan for an educational and scientific text;

- convert information from one form to another: present information in the form of text, tables, diagrams.

Communicative UUD:

- communicate your position to other people: formulate your thoughts orally and writing taking into account their educational and life speech situations;

- communicate your position to other people: express your point of view and justify it, giving arguments;

- listen to other people, consider their points of view, treat them with respect, be ready to change their point of view;

– to negotiate with people: to cooperate in the joint solution of the problem, performing different roles in the group.

Subject Results:

- define and explain their attitude to social norms and values ​​(moral, civil, patriotic, universal);

- Express your opinion about the importance of secular and religious culture in the life of individuals and society;

– know the basic concepts of religious cultures, their features and traditions, the history of their emergence in the world and in Russia;

- establish relationships between a particular secular or religious culture and the behavior of people who think in its traditions;

- show respect for any faith or its absence (with the exception of totalitarian sects aimed at the destruction and suppression of the individual);

- to realize the similarity of some important spiritual and moral foundations of different religions with their significant differences;

– to build tolerant relations with representatives of different worldviews and cultural traditions;

– make your choice in educational models of socially significant life situations and be responsible for it

- negotiate with people, preventing or overcoming conflicts in educational models of life situations;

- be aware of the difference between "internal sincere faith" and "external ritual belief";

- at the simplest level, to distinguish between traditional religions and totalitarian sects.

Secular Ethics Module

Russia is our Motherland.

Culture and morality. Ethics and its importance in human life. Genus and family are the source of moral relations in the history of mankind. The value of kinship and family values. Family holidays as one of the forms historical memory. Patterns of morality in cultures different peoples. The moral example of a hero. Noble code of honor. Gentleman and lady. State and morality of the citizen. Morality of the defender of the Fatherland. Decency. Intelligence. Labor morality. Moral traditions of entrepreneurship. What does it mean to be moral in our time? Good and evil. Duty and conscience. Honor and dignity. The meaning of life and happiness. Highest moral values. Ideals. Moral principles. Methodology for creating a moral code in the school. Moral norms. Etiquette. Label side of the suit. School uniform- pros and cons. Education as a moral standard. Man is what he has made of himself. Methods of moral self-improvement.

Patriotism of the multinational and multiconfessional people of Russia.

Module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture"

Russia is our Motherland.

An introduction to the Orthodox spiritual tradition. Features of Eastern Christianity. Culture and religion. What do Orthodox Christians believe? Good and evil in the Orthodox tradition. Love for your neighbor. Attitude towards work. Duty and responsibility. Mercy and compassion. Orthodoxy in Russia. Orthodox church and other shrines. Symbolic language of Orthodox culture: christian art(icons, frescoes, church singing, applied arts), Orthodox calendar. Holidays. Christian family and its values.

Russia is our Motherland. An introduction to the Orthodox spiritual tradition. Features of Eastern Christianity. An introduction to the Islamic spiritual tradition. An introduction to the Buddhist spiritual tradition. Introduction to the Jewish Spiritual Tradition. Culture and religion. ancient beliefs. Religions of the world and their founders. Holy books religions of the world. Keepers of tradition in the religions of the world. sacred buildings. Religions of Russia. Religious rituals in art. World Religion Calendars. Holidays in the religions of the world. Family, family values. Duty, freedom, responsibility, teaching and work. Mercy, caring for the weak, mutual assistance, social problems of society and the attitude of different religions towards them. Love and respect for the Fatherland. Patriotism of the multinational and multiconfessional people of Russia.

THEMATIC PLANNING

GRADE 4 Module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture"

Module "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures"

Calendar-thematic planning on the basics of religious cultures and secular ethics. Module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" for grade 4.

Calendar-thematic planning

Module "Fundamentals of secular ethics"

Module "Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures"

Comprehensive training course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (hereinafter referred to as CRCSE) implemented in the 4th grade of educational institutions in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the orders of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 11, 2009. (VP-P44-4632) and the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2012 No. 84-r.
Within the framework of this academic subject, at the choice of students or at the choice of their parents (legal representatives), the following modules are studied: the foundations of Orthodox culture, the foundations of Islamic culture, the foundations of Buddhist culture, the foundations of Jewish culture, the foundations of world religious cultures, the foundations of secular ethics.

“Teaching knowledge about the foundations of religious cultures and secular ethics is intended to play an important role not only in expanding the educational horizons of the student, but also in educational process formation of a decent, honest, worthy citizen who observes the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, respects its cultural traditions, and is ready for intercultural and interfaith dialogue in the name of social cohesion”.

Webinar on ORSE module selection

Regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

(regional level)

1. Order of the Committee for Education of St. Petersburg "On the experimental introduction of the course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics in General Educational Institutions of St. Petersburg"

Regulatory documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
(federal level)

1. Order of December 18, 2012 N 1060 "ON AMENDMENTS TO THE FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL STANDARD OF PRIMARY GENERAL EDUCATION,
APPROVED BY ORDER OF THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION OF OCTOBER 6, 2009 N 373"

2. Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 8, 2011 N MD-883/03 "On the direction of methodological materials of the ORKSE"

3. Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation No. 69 dated 01/31/2012 on the introduction of the ORKSE at the beginning. school

5. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation

7. Selection regulation in educational organization parents (legal representatives) of students of one of the modules of the comprehensive training course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" (recommended by the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated March 31, 2015 No. 08-461)

Course "Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics" is culturological and is aimed at developing in schoolchildren of the 4th grade ideas about moral ideals and values ​​that form the basis of the religious and secular traditions of the multinational culture of Russia, at understanding their significance in the life of modern society, as well as their involvement in them.

The ORSE training course includes 6 modules:
1. Fundamentals of Orthodox culture;
2. Fundamentals of Islamic culture;
3. Fundamentals of Buddhist culture;
4. Fundamentals of Jewish culture;
5. Fundamentals of world religious cultures;
6. Fundamentals of secular ethics.

Course selection is based on principle of voluntariness. One of the modules is studied by the student with his consent and at the choice of his parents (legal representatives).

The content of each module is focused on familiarity with the relevant culture and religious or secular tradition and does not contain critical assessments of other religions and worldviews.
Teaching knowledge about the basics of religious cultures and secular ethics is intended to play an important role not only in expanding the educational horizons of the student, but also in the educational process of forming a decent, honest, worthy citizen who observes the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, respects its cultural traditions, is ready for intercultural and interfaith dialogue in the name of social cohesion.

Target : is culturological and is aimed at developing in schoolchildren of the 4th grade ideas about moral ideals and values ​​that form the basis of the religious and secular traditions of the multinational culture of Russia, at understanding their significance in the life of modern society, as well as their involvement in them.

Objectives of the training course ORSE:
1. acquaintance of students with the basics of Orthodox, Muslim, Buddhist, Jewish cultures, the basics of world religious cultures and secular ethics;
2. development of the younger adolescent's ideas about the importance of moral norms and values ​​for a decent life for the individual, family, and society;
3. generalization of knowledge, concepts and ideas about spiritual culture and morality obtained by students in elementary school, and the formation of their value-semantic worldview foundations that provide a holistic perception of national history and culture when studying humanitarian subjects at the level of basic school;
4. ability development junior schoolchildren to communication in a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional environment based on mutual respect and dialogue in the name of social peace and harmony.

Application for parents to choose the module of the course ORKSE

A few years ago, in some schools, an abbreviation appeared in the schedule - ORKS. Today it is used everywhere. Moreover, this course is included in the new educational standards (FGOS). And today's fourth-graders are required to study this subject.

A subject that, in fact, is chosen not by schoolchildren, but by parents. What is this course and what are its features? With these and other questions, we turned to the leading specialist of the Department of Education, Lyudmila Vasilievna Lodygina.

- Lyudmila Vasilievna, what do these five letters hide in themselves - ORKSE?
– This is a comprehensive training course “Fundamentals of Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics”, which is now a mandatory part state standard and included in educational program fourth grade. It includes several modules: Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture, Fundamentals of Jewish Culture, Fundamentals of Buddhist Culture, Fundamentals of Islamic Culture, Fundamentals of World Religious Cultures, and Fundamentals of Secular Ethics.

- And all this fourth-graders will have to study during the year?
- No. In fact, the guys, or rather, the parents (or their legal representatives) choose one of the modules at their discretion. Making a decision to enroll a child in a particular module without parental consent is not allowed. Moreover, the results of the selection should be recorded in protocols. parent meetings and statements from parents.

- But sometimes it is difficult to make a choice in the direction of one or another module ...
- Undoubtedly. Here, teachers come to the rescue, who, at the same meetings, must explain the specifics of each module, familiarize them with the topics of the course.

Is it possible to refuse to study this course at all?
- No, since the ORSE is included in the Federal State Educational Standard, refusal to study it is considered as an obstacle to the child's receiving a general education in accordance with Russian law.

– In our district, which module was chosen by the majority of fourth-graders?
- 423 students (67.4%) will study the basics of secular ethics, 198 (31.5%) - the basics of Orthodox culture, and 7 fourth-graders (1.1%) will get acquainted with the basics of world religious cultures.

– Who will lead this course and what should be done if students in the same class have chosen several modules at once?
– This course is taught either by teachers primary school or subject teachers. It is worth noting that today 80% of teachers have already completed the relevant courses and have certificates for teaching. As for the choice of several modules in one class, this is not an easy question, but nevertheless, school administrations will find some solutions so that the interests of children and parents are not infringed.

– Are there many schools where the parents of fourth-graders made a unanimous decision with the choice of the module?
There are many such schools in the area. So, "Fundamentals of Secular Ethics" was unanimously chosen in school. No. 1, in school. No. 15 and 90 (p. Kuloy), in Levkovskaya, Blagoveshchenskaya, Dolmatovskaya, Argunovskaya, Lipovskaya, Rakulo-Kokshengskaya, Pakshengskaya and Verkhne-Ustkuloyskaya schools. The study of the module "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture" was given preference in school. No. 2, in Ust-Shonoshskaya, Komsomolskaya, Solginskaya, Khozminskaya, Sudromskaya, Shunemskaya and Pezhemskaya schools. Let me note that it is the Pezhemskaya school in our district that is the base platform for studying the foundations of Orthodox culture. The teachers of this educational institution conduct opening lessons and extracurricular activities on this course. Archpriest Andrey Yermilov, rector of the Holy Dormition Church, provides a great deal of assistance to the teachers leading this module.

- Despite the fact that the course is mandatory, probably not all parents understand the importance of studying it ... Perhaps there are opponents of teaching this subject in schools. What would you say to these parents?
– First of all, I would like to note that the course is not doctrinal, but cultural in nature; the content of all modules of the integrated training course is subject to common purpose- educating the personality of a citizen of Russia by introducing him to moral and worldview values. Importantly, the content of all modules is grouped around three basic national values: Fatherland, family and cultural tradition. Is it bad for raising a child?

- Lyudmila Vasilievna, thank you for the conversation. I hope that this course will really bear fruit. After all, even the ancient Roman philosopher Seneca wrote: “Learn first good morals, and then wisdom. For without the former it is difficult to learn the latter.”