Topics in Literature. "My friend Momich", K. Vorobyov

Final essay on literature 2018, directions. Analysis of all directions, exemplary topics, lists of references.

So, there are new topics for the final essay of 2018.
5 defined open destinations topics of the final essay for the current academic year.

Commentary on the open thematic areas of the 2017/18 academic year, prepared by the specialists of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FIPI"

1. "Loyalty and betrayal."
Within the framework of the direction, one can talk about fidelity and betrayal as opposite manifestations of the human personality, considering them from a philosophical, ethical, psychological point of view and referring to life and literary examples.
The concepts of "fidelity" and "treason" are at the center of the plots of many works of different eras and characterize the actions of the characters in a situation of moral choice, both in personal relationships and in a social context.

2. "Indifference and responsiveness"
Topics in this area aim students to comprehend different types a person’s relationship to people and to the world (indifference to others, unwillingness to spend spiritual strength on someone else’s life or sincere readiness to share his joys and troubles with his neighbor, to provide him with disinterested help).
In literature, we meet, on the one hand, heroes with a warm heart, ready to respond to other people's joys and troubles, and on the other hand, characters embodying the opposite, selfish, personality type.

3. "Ends and means"
The concepts of this direction are interconnected and allow us to think about the life aspirations of a person, the importance of meaningful goal setting, the ability to correctly correlate the goal and the means to achieve it, as well as the ethical assessment of human actions.
Many literary works feature characters who deliberately or mistakenly chose unsuitable means to implement their plans. And it often turns out that a good goal serves only as a cover for true (lower) plans. Such characters are opposed to heroes for whom the means to achieve a lofty goal are inseparable from the requirements of morality.

4. "Courage and cowardice"
This direction is based on a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human "I": readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to evade the resolution of complex, sometimes extreme life situations.
On the pages of many literary works are presented both heroes capable of bold actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

5. "Man and society"
For the topics of this direction, the view of a person as a representative of society is relevant. Society largely shapes the personality, but the personality is also able to influence the society. Topics will allow us to consider the problem of the individual and society from different angles: from the point of view of their harmonious interaction, complex confrontation or irreconcilable conflict. It is equally important to think about the conditions under which a person must obey social laws, and society must take into account the interests of each person. Literature has always shown interest in the problem of the relationship between man and society, the creative or destructive consequences of this interaction for the individual and for human civilization.

*Stay tuned for page updates, examples of final essays will appear very soon.

The final essay in the graduating classes has been held since 2014 in pursuance of the order of the President Russian Federation in order to identify students' ability to think, analyze and prove their position based on independently selected works of domestic and world literature.
As in previous years, the final essay is the admission of graduates to the state final certification. At the same time, students with handicapped health instead of the final essay has the right to choose the writing of the presentation.

The result of the final essay is "pass" or "fail". In the event that the graduate received an unsatisfactory result for the final essay, he is given the opportunity to retake it.
Within the framework of open directions for the topics of the final essay, Rosobrnadzor develops specific topics for the final essay (texts of presentations are selected) for each time zone separately. Specific topics of the final essay (texts of presentations) are delivered to the local education authorities on the day of the final essay (statement).

2019 –2020 academic year

Minister of Education of the Russian Federation O.Yu. Vasilyeva voiced five open areas for topics of the final essay 2019–2020 academic year.
Open directions are approved by the Council for the final essay in the graduating classes, chaired by Natalia Dmitrievna Solzhenitsyna.

1. "War and Peace" - to the 150th anniversary of the great book
2. Hope and despair
3. Good and evil
4. Pride and humility
5. He and she

Comments on open thematic areas of the topics of the final essay of the 2019–2020 academic year

Final essay first introduced in 2014–2015 academic year pursuant to the order of the President of the Russian Federation. Final essay (statement) as a condition for admission to the state final certification in educational programs middle general education is conducted for students of XI (XII) classes, external students.

Methodical materials for the final essay (statement) - 2019–2020 academic year

Recommendations organizing and conducting the final essay (statement) for the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that carry out public administration in the field of education, in the 2019–2020 academic year.
Recommendations technical support organizing and conducting the final essay (statement) in the 2019–2020 academic year
Collection of reporting forms for the final essay (statement)
Criteria for evaluating the final essay (statement) in the 2019–2020 academic year
Rules for filling out the forms of the final essay (statement) in the 2019–2020 academic year
Guidelines for the preparation and conduct of the final essay (statement) for educational organizations implementing educational programs of secondary general education in the 2019–2020 academic year.
Guidelines for preparing for the final essay (statement) for participants final essay (statement) in 2019–2020 academic year
Guidelines for experts participating in the verification of the final essay (statement) in the 2019–2020 academic year.

As well as Methodological materials developed in order to improve the quality of preparing students for the final essay (statement) based on a selective content analysis of the final essays (statements) of the 2018–2019 academic year:

Guidelines in preparation for the final essay
Guidelines in preparation for the final presentation
Recommendations for compiling a teacher training program for teaching writing an essay (exposition) for teachers of the Russian language and literature

The final essay was first introduced in the 2014-2015 academic year in pursuance of the order of the President of the Russian Federation. The final essay (statement) as a condition for admission to the state final certification for educational programs of secondary general education is carried out for students of XI (XII) classes, external students.

The final essay, if desired, can also be written by graduates of previous years to present its results when entering universities.

The presentation has the right to write the following categories of persons: students of XI (XII) classes with disabilities (hereinafter - HIA), external students with HIA; students of XI (XII) classes - children with disabilities and disabled people, external students - children with disabilities and people with disabilities; students studying in educational programs of secondary general education in special educational institutions of a closed type, as well as in institutions executing punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty; home-schooled, educational organizations, including sanatoriums and resorts, in which the necessary medical, rehabilitation and recreational activities are carried out for those in need of long-term treatment based on the conclusion of a medical organization.

The final essay, on the one hand, is of an oversubject nature, that is, it is aimed at testing the student’s general speech competencies, identifying the level of his speech culture, assessing the graduate’s ability to reason on a chosen topic, and argue his position. On the other hand, it is literary-centric, as it contains the requirement to build an argument with the obligatory reliance on literary material.

Open thematic areas specific topics of the final essay are developed. Essay topics (texts for presentations) are formed according to time zones.

Specific topics of the final essay (texts for presentations) are delivered to the local education authorities on the day of the final essay (statement).

The time for writing the final essay (statement) is 3 hours 55 minutes.

The examination set includes five essay topics from a closed list (one topic from each open thematic area).

The topics of essays themselves become known to graduates 15 minutes before the start of the exam. The result of the final essay (statement) can be “pass” or “fail”. To the surrender of a single state exam and the state final exam, only graduates who have received a "credit" are admitted.

The essay is evaluated according to two requirements (volume and independence) and five criteria (“Relevance to the topic”; “Argumentation. Attracting literary material”; “Composition and logic of reasoning”; “Quality writing»; "Literacy").

The presentation is evaluated according to two requirements (volume and independence) and five criteria (“Content of presentation”; “Logic of presentation”; “Use of elements of the style of the source text”; “Quality of writing”; “Literacy”).

To receive a "pass" rating, you must have a positive result in two requirements and three criteria ("pass" in criteria No. 1 and No. 2 - without fail, as well as "pass" in one of the other criteria).

If earlier high school students received admission to the exam automatically, now each of them will have to write a final essay, even if a person is not going to connect his life with humanities. Whether it's good or bad, it's not up to us to decide, but we can tell you about this good or help with trouble, as you like. In a word, in this article we have outlined the whole essence of fire, water and copper pipes that our graduates will meet on the way to the goal.

This year, the deadline for submitting the final essay is determined as follows:

December 4, 2019 (main date)
February 5, 2020 (additional dates)
May 6, 2020 (additional dates)

Who will write in February and May?

Unfortunate owners of "failure";
Those who were expelled from the cabinet for disturbing the peace;
Those who could not attend for valid reasons;
Those who failed to complete the work for good reasons (all "reasons" are supported by documents).

The test is held at your school, starts at 10 am (local time), lasts 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes), briefing and filling out the form are not included in this period. For persons with disabilities (this sad fact must be documented) a different type of activity is provided - a presentation, it is written 1.5 hours longer, there are also breaks when participants can complete the necessary procedures. The order of writing both of them is strictly regulated:

Everyone is seated in a checkerboard pattern;
Briefing on the rules of conduct, duration of the event and familiarization with the results;
You fill out the registration form, it is checked;
You are introduced to the topics of the essay or the texts of the presentation;
Teachers measure time and write on the board when the exam is over;
You write. As necessary, you are given drafts and additional forms;
Half an hour before the end of work, teachers are reminded that they will soon need to “give up”;
When you have finished your work, check it carefully and hand it in;
You go home, and your works remain with the head of the educational institution.

Only pens, a passport and food (if necessary) can be on the table. Everything else is illegal, and any violation can lead to expulsion from the audience. But for those who like to take risks and do not care about the rules, we have prepared cheat sheets for the final essay, they are in group.

New destinations for 2019-2020

According to the tradition of last year, all directions for the final essay are pairs of antonyms from conflicting moral and philosophical concepts. For each of them, we have already selected the recommended FIPI.

New directions are described by us in all details.

Topics for 2019-2020

Of course, you will receive a list of topics only during the exam, but we have already prepared for you a list of those formulations that are likely to be relevant at X-hour. We compiled them by analogy with the topics of last year, because at that time many of our forecasts came true, and the guys were able to find the necessary information as soon as they recognized the thesis. So, we do not recommend violating the rules for holding such an important event, but in preparation for it, our resource can serve you faithfully.

Approximate

Here we list the most popular topics across the board, but this is far from all of the ones we have. Follow the updates on the site, and you will surely see exactly the one that will fall on the exam.

Should kindness be with fists?
What can lead a person to despair?
What is pride?
Why does the love part bring grief?
How to protect "world peace"?

Real

The real themes will be a little later, while they are not even at the development stage. In order not to miss them, add our site to your bookmarks or join our special public VK !

All topics that we offer you are formulated by analogy with previous years, that is, the likelihood that they will come across during the exam is very high.

Preparation for the final essay

You could make your preparation easier by joining our public in VK where we could discuss topics, arguments, introductions and conclusions. You would help us a lot if you offered your abstracts, examples from literature and essays in the discussions, and we would share our thoughts on them, write finished work or edited your work. Judge for yourself, what can be a “failure” when we prepare together?

Here are some more tips:

Select a few core pieces from the school curriculum that cover many topics. Do summary each book and use it in writing practice essays. This will help you remember all the important details and not make mistakes in your work. Here is our list of similar books and great ones. brief retellings from Literaguru. In our memory, they were used most actively every year.

How to write?

Work registration rules:

Volume: minimum 250 words, norm 350, no restrictions;
Composition (4 paragraphs): Introduction, two arguments from the literature, conclusion;
Approximate distribution of the semantic load: 1 paragraph - 75 words, 2 and 3 - 100 words each, 4 - 75 words.

In order to get a credit, you must open the topic, write more than 250 words and bring at least one literary argument. Work without examples from the books is equal to zero points, so you need to choose a question based on whether you can find the appropriate material.

Essay writing algorithm:

Choose an understandable topic for which you can find literary examples. For example, "Can loyalty bring disappointment?";
Highlight the question contained in the selected wording. For example, in the thesis you say that it can, and give examples of cases when this happens, so your question would be: When can loyalty disappoint a person?;
Formulate your answer to the question. For example, devotion brings suffering when there is no reciprocity in the relationship.
To this answer and pick up arguments to end the second and third paragraphs with a logically correct micro conclusion. For example, the hero of the “Garnet Bracelet” Kuprin suffered because he could not change his feelings for Vera, that is, family, love and offspring were a pipe dream for him, so he was forced to die.
Write an essay on a draft, carefully make sure that your idea is clear and does not go into the jungle of word disputes. Do not try to write a lot, most importantly, to the point. Do not get distracted by other topics, follow one, compare thesis and argument all the time so that there are no discrepancies in what you are proving. Also, do not get carried away with the details and quotes from the text of the book; a retelling of the novel for an essay will not be credited to you. You do not have to confirm that you have read this work, it is important to prove that you understood it.
Check the draft and correct any mistakes. Remember that speech errors can be spotted using a simple method: imagine what you are writing about. It is impossible to “highlight” or “emphasize” attention, but you can “sharpen” and “turn” it. Count the repetitions and replace them, if possible, with synonyms or pronouns that make sense.
Copy to a clean copy and check again, reading the text to yourself, as if aloud. This helps to spot errors. Do not forget to do this, because the draft is not taken into account when checking!

To help you, we have compiled a universal plan for the final essay:

References 2018-2019

When the directions became known, a list of books recommended for writing the work was released along with them. It is these works for the final essay that we will list in this collection. We also analyzed them for arguments that can be taken as examples from the literature for an essay. You can see this analysis in the article "".

Good and evil:

L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace";
F.M. Dostoevsky: "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot";
M.A. Bulgakov, "Notes of a young doctor";
V.P. Astafiev, "Lyudochka";
A.I. Solzhenitsyn, "Matryonin Dvor";
A.P. Chekhov, "Gooseberry";
V.M. Shukshin, "Crank";
K.G. Paustovsky, "Telegram";
T. Kenally, "Schindler's List"

Pride and Humility

V.V. Bulls: "Sotnikov", "Crane cry";
L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace";
A.S. Pushkin, "The Captain's Daughter";
B.L. Vasiliev, “And the dawns here are quiet…”;
V.P. Aksyonov, "Moscow Saga";
F.M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment";
V.M. Garshin, "Coward";
A.T. Tvardovsky, "Vasily Terkin";
J. Rowling, Harry Potter.

Hope and Despair

M.Yu. Lermontov, "A Hero of Our Time";
I.A. Bunin, "The Gentleman from San Francisco";
L.N. Tolstoy, "War and Peace";
A.P. Chekhov: "Gooseberry", "Man in a Case", "Ionych";
I.S. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons";
M.A. Sholokhov, Quiet Don;
F.M. Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment.
A.I. Kuprin, "Garnet Bracelet";
M.A. Bulgakov, "The Master and Margarita";

War and Peace

A.N. Ostrovsky, "Thunderstorm";
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace";
F.M. Dostoevsky: "Crime and Punishment", "Humiliated and Insulted";
M.A. Sholokhov: "Quiet Flows the Don", "The Fate of a Man";
A.S. Pushkin: "Eugene Onegin", "The Captain's Daughter";
I.A. Bunin, "Dark Alleys";
I.A. Goncharov, "Oblomov";
V.G. Rasputin, French Lessons.

M. A. Bulgakov: "The Master and Margarita";
A.P. Chekhov: "The Seagull", "House with a Mezzanine";
N. V. Gogol: "Portrait", "Nevsky Prospekt";
M. Gorky: "At the bottom";
A. Ostrovsky: "Forest", "Dowry";
L. N. Tolstoy: "War and Peace".
A. Kuprin: "Garnet bracelet".

Bank of arguments 2019-2020

We have prepared many collections with arguments for all popular trends and topics, and we continue to do this every day, so add the site to your bookmarks and stay tuned, or better write to us what is missing, and during the day we will write the necessary literary material. Here we have placed links to our publications with literary examples in all directions:

Evaluation criteria

The work is evaluated by two values: "pass" and "fail". If you are not going to get involved in the humanities in the future, you will have enough credit, but potential journalists, philologists and linguists will have to try to write an essay for the maximum possible number of points. Their success in the literary field will certainly be counted upon admission, because the country's leading universities have already developed their own criteria for checking essays. Yes, yes, members of the selection committee will certainly look at it.

The essay will be evaluated according to five criteria, the first two are the main ones. If the essay is not satisfactory in one of them, it is automatically a “failure”. To get a good result, the jury must satisfy at least 3 criteria, 2 of which are relevance to the topic and argumentation. Here is a list of all necessary qualities works:

Relevance to the topic. You will receive a “failure” only if the essay is written about something else at all, or there is no clear purpose of the statement in it, that is, you are talking about everything and nothing.
A given amount of work. This criterion is assessed as a pass or fail, everything is simple: if you have more than 250 words, the essay is checked, if not, there is no trial. The optimal length, according to the inspectors, is 350 words.
Argumentation (0-2 points). You will not be given the coveted points if you do without literature, or distort its content. Also, if books are mentioned only in passing, without becoming a support for reasoning, you also run the risk of being left with a nose.
Composition and logic of reasoning (0-2 points). When gross logical errors make it difficult to understand your intention, or you do not provide any evidence that you are right, you get 0 points for this item.
Quality of written speech (0-2 points). If you have a lot of speech errors that prevent understanding the text, then you may fail on this criterion. But if you excelled and did everything beautifully (complex grammatical constructions, a logically correct train of thought, the use of original and relevant words), then catch 2 points in your piggy bank.
Literacy (0-2 points). Grammar, punctuation and spelling errors should be avoided. The inspectors even cite a critical number of shortcomings: more than 5 violations of the rules of the Russian language per 100 words = “failure”. If less, the work is recognized as competent, and you can even get 2 points under this criterion. By the way, an official document from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation says that a graduate has the right to use a spelling dictionary.

Rosobrnadzor also imposes several more requirements for work:

Independence. The text must belong to you, and all quotes must be appropriately formatted. However, nowhere is it specified whether the text is checked for anti-plagiarism.
Factual accuracy (1 point). All names, names, surnames, dates and main events must be entered correctly, otherwise they will only lower the final score.
Grammar norms (o-2 points). If you manage to make one mistake of this kind, then 2 points are still provided to you. If two or three - one point. If more, by this criterion you will get zero.
Speech errors (0-2 points). You can still afford no more than 1-2 mistakes, this is 2 points, but 3-4 mistakes will steal one point, and if more, then all two are lost forever;
Spelling norms (0-3 points). The magic number three will indeed work wonders if you never make a mistake. 2-3 errors already promise two points, and 4-5 misses will bring a consolatory 1 point;
Punctuation norms (0-3 points). Exceptional knowledge of punctuation marks is estimated at three points, 2-3 oversights get one point out of three, and 4-5 mistakes mean participation, but not victory - 1 point;
Original approach (0-1 point). It's time to show the world what you can do and put more creativity into your work. 1 point at stake is a trifle, but nice.

In total, you can earn 20 points for your work. If you are going to study technical specialty, the number of points is unlikely to greatly affect your fate, but the humanities will have to show mathematical abilities and calculate how many of their primary points will be in terms of those that selection committee will add to your account. Also, at the university, your work can be rechecked and set a new number of points. Here is a help for the very humanitarians:

from 0 to 4 points for an essay - 0 on a ten-point scale;
from 5 to 6 - 1 point;
from 7 to 8 - 2 points;
from 9 to 10 - 3 points;
from 13 to 14 - 5 points;
from 15 to 16 - 6 points;
17 - equal to 7 points;
18 - 8 points;
19 - 9 points;
20 - 10 points.

Results and appeal

The results of your efforts and worries can be found at the school or at the place where the application for participation in the exam was submitted. The work is checked for only a week, the wait is not long. These results will be valid for the university for 4 years from the date of writing the essay. The grade you receive will not affect admission, however, at the university itself in the relevant areas of study, the admission committee may initiate its own check and enroll you extra points(no more than 10). Therefore, it is better to try to squeeze the maximum out of the final essay, because writing it, as we have seen, is not so difficult.

There is another reason to be diligent: you cannot appeal. The participant has the right only to submit an application for verification of an essay written repeatedly by the commission for rechecking essays. You can send your job review application there to email or come in person, specifying the date, place and hours of work of this organization.

Important! The results of the final essay are indefinite, that is, they can be used for admission for the rest of your life, unlike USE certificates.

Interesting? Save it on your wall!

The general model of the Literature exam remains the same as in previous years:

an excerpt from an epic, lyrical-epic or dramatic work included in the codifier and seven questions with short answers that test knowledge of basic literary terms (in relation to this work) and the realities of the text;
two mini-essays on this work (5-10 sentences each) - one with an emphasis on the analysis of the given passage, the other - comparative, where the problems raised by the author, themes and ideas are considered in comparison with other works of similar problems;
excerpt from lyrical work the whole poem and five questions on it (similar to the first block);
two mini-essays - also for analysis and comparison;
a detailed essay with a volume of 200 words or more on one of the proposed topics (at the choice of the examinee).

There is only one change here - in the last task, graduates will be offered a choice four themes.

Recall that earlier, to write a detailed essay on the exam in literature, it is proposed to choose one of three topics, one for each time period:

from ancient Russian literature to the literature of the first half of XIX century;
second half of the 19th century;
Russian literature of the XX century.

By 2018 the chronological framework of the last period is expanding- it spans the interval late XIX By beginning of XXI century, that is, the "newest" domestic literature, works that have seen the light of day in recent decades.

And, since there are three periods, and four topics for composition will be offered, two topics of a different nature will “fall out” on one of them. It is most likely that such "doubles" will most often refer to the last period - as in the demo prepared by FIPI, where three classic "program" themes on Griboyedov, Tolstoy and Yesenin are supplemented by post-Soviet literature. However, this is not mandatory - in accordance with the specifications for the "double volume" exam, topics can be presented in any period.

Inclusion in themes for essays of post-Soviet literature does not mean that it becomes mandatory for graduates to read any specific authors outside the school curriculum- surnames of modern Russian writers did not appear in the encoder. And topics devoted to the literature of the late XX-beginning of the XXI century will thus be presented with review options that allow the examinee to reveal given topic on the material of a work (or works) of their own choice.

New USE assessment system in literature

Minimal changes to the exam model should not mislead students - a radically new approach to assessment completely shifts the focus and requires a change in approach to preparation.

Previously, the maximum primary score on the exam in literature was 42 points, distributed as follows:

12 points - for 12 questions with short answers;
16 points - for 4 short essays (4 for each);
14 points - for a "large" essay.

In 2018 the number of primary points for a perfectly completed work will "jump" immediately by 15 - up to 47. In this case, the "specific weight" of tasks will change very unevenly:

for questions with short answers it will still be possible to get 12 points (21% of the total points)
mini-essays for text analysis will “cost” 5 points each - a total of 10 for both (17.5%);
the assessment of the ability to immerse a literary work in context increases sharply - for each of the two comparative essays it will be possible to get 10 points, total - 20 (35%);
for extended essay you can get up to 15 points (26%).

The increase in the number of primary points is good news for graduates who apply for admission to top universities and expect to pass the USE “to the maximum”. The results of the literature exam will become much more differentiated, and one or two mistakes made will no longer be so radically reflected in the positions in the ranking. Recall that for high-scorers, the loss of one primary score in literature meant the loss of 4-5 test points at once, while, for example, in Russian, the “cost of error” was significantly lower and amounted to 2-3 points.

However, the “triples” will have to tighten up. If earlier it is guaranteed to cross the threshold according to the literature (corresponding to 9 primary scores) was possible by memorizing a small number of terms and limiting ourselves to the part with brief answers, but now this will no longer be possible.

Criteria for evaluating essays and detailed answers to the exam in literature-2018

In parallel with the change in the number of points the evaluation criteria are also changing- the scoring system (especially in comparative essays) has become more detailed and "transparent". In addition, the ability to write precisely correctly becomes much more significant - points "for speech" are now awarded in all tasks with detailed answers. Recommended length of mini essays remains the same - from 5 to 10 sentences, while if the graduate can formulate the answer more concisely (or vice versa - write a more detailed work), “going beyond” will not affect the assessment in any way - the main thing is the ability to give a direct and clear answer to the question posed.

Mini Essays Testing Skill analyze a work or its passage (tasks 8 and 15) will be judged according to the following criteria:

answer matching question- 1 point, at the same time, if according to this criterion the work receives a “failure”, it is not checked further;
the argumentation of the judgments expressed and the involvement of the text of the work to reinforce them - up to 2 points;
- up to 2 points.

"Costly" (and rather difficult to write) comparative essays (tasks 9-16) evaluated according to three criteria. At the same time, the first two are the main ones - if at least one of them gets zero points, the task is considered completely failed and is not evaluated. So:

up to 4 points can bring adequate selection of two works for comparison(for getting maximum score it is necessary to choose works corresponding to the wording of the task, correctly indicate their titles and authorship);
up to 4 points - the comparison itself (ideally, both selected works are convincingly compared with the source text in a given perspective, and the comparison is based on the text of the works);
up to 2 points - absence of logical, factual and speech errors.

Detailed essay on literature (task No. 17)- the task that traditionally receives the most attention. Recommended amount of work - from 200 words(including pronouns, prepositions, particles and other auxiliary words). If the essay is less than 150 words, the work is not evaluated, even if the topic is disclosed. In addition, in order for points to be awarded, the work should correspond to the topic and reveal it. By the way, graduates often lose points for an essay due to inattentive reading of the wording - for example, in 2017 in an essay that was supposed to be based on contemporary literature, many chose the works of Simonov and Bulgakov, thereby going beyond the given period.

The essay on the exam in literature in 2018 will be evaluated according to the following criterion:

relevance to the topic- 1 point (if the work is not on the topic or is empty - no points are awarded for other criteria);
the reasoning of the judgments expressed and the involvement of the text of a literary work to confirm them, including the presence of references to specific episodes and characters - up to 2 points;
use of the basic concepts of literary theory- up to 2 points, and in order to get the maximum score for this criterion, it is no longer enough just to use such words as “novel”, “conflict” or “hero” in the text - you need to isolate at least one artistic medium, which is fundamentally important for the development of the topic;
compositional design essays, the proportionality of the parts relative to each other, the integrity of the work - up to 2 points;
logical presentation - up to 2 points;
absence in the text factual errors- up to 3 points;
absence speech errors- up to 3 points.

December 5, 2018 will be held final essay for 11th grade graduates. This essay will be judged on a pass/fail basis. To be admitted to the exam, you need to get a test. If you receive a failure, there will be two more attempts on the first Wednesdays of February and May (February 6 and May 8).

The topics of the final essay will be within the framework of five areas. The participant will need to choose one topic from any of the five directions :
1. "FATHERS AND SONS" .
This direction is addressed to the eternal problem of human existence, associated with the inevitability generational change, harmonious And disharmonious relationship between fathers and children.

This topic is touched upon in many works of literature, where various types of interaction between representatives of different generations (from conflict confrontation before mutual understanding and continuity) and are revealed causes of confrontation between them, and ways of their spiritual rapprochement.
2. "DREAM AND REALITY" .
The concepts of "dream" and "reality" are largely opposed and at the same time closely connected, they aim at comprehension of various ideas about the world and the meaning of life, thinking about how reality breeds dreams And how a person's dream lifts him above the ordinary.

In literature, there are many heroes who relate to the dream in different ways: some inspired by noble aspirations and ready to realize them, others turned out to be trapped in beautiful dreams, third deprived of lofty dreams and subordinated to base goals.
3. "REVENGE AND GENEROSITY" .
Within the framework of this direction, one can talk about diametrically opposed manifestations of human nature associated with notions of good and evil, mercy and cruelty, peace and aggression.

The concepts of "revenge" and "generosity" are often the focus of attention of writers who explore human reactions to life challenges, to the actions of other people, analyze character behavior in a situation moral choice how in personal, as well as in socio-historical plan.
4. "ART AND CRAFT" .
Topics in this area update the ideas of graduates about the purpose of works of art and the measure of talent of their creators provide an opportunity to reflect on artist's mission and his roles in society, About, where craft ends and art begins.

Literature constantly appeals to comprehension the phenomenon of creativity, image creative work, helps to uncover inner world character through his attitude to art and craft.
5. "KINDNESS AND CRUELTY".
This direction aims graduates to think about moral foundations relationship to a person And to all living things, allows you to think, on the one hand, about the humanistic aspiration appreciate and cherish life, on the other hand, about the inhumane desire cause suffering and pain to others and even to oneself.

The concepts of "kindness" and "cruelty" belong to the "eternal" categories, many works of literature show characters gravitating towards one of these poles or passing path of moral transformation

In preparation for writing good to know following:
● The result of the final essay is "offset" or "failure". TO passing the exam Only graduates who have received a “credit” are allowed.
● The recommended length of the essay is 350 words. If the essay contains less than 250 words (all words, including service words, are included in the calculation), then a non-credit is given. Maximum amount words are not installed.
● Essay writing time - 3 hours 55 minutes.
● The graduate is allowed to use spelling dictionary which will be given out in the audience.
● For each of the 11 time zones, there will be different topics .
● The final essay can be taken into account when accepting applicants. In this case, the universities themselves will evaluate the essay in points. The maximum you can get 10 points, which will be added to the USE scores.
● Essay topics will be announced to graduates on the day of writing the essay at 9.45(15 minutes before work starts). At the same time, topics will be published on open information resources (ege.edu.ru, fipi.ru).
● Work in progress black gel, capillary or fountain pen.
● The essay must be verified within seven calendar days.

The essay is checked against the following criteria :
CRITERION #1 "RELIABLE TO THE THEME"
This criterion aims to check the content of the essay.
The participant must discuss the proposed topic, choosing the way of its disclosure (for example, answering the question posed in the topic, or reflecting on the proposed problem, etc.).
“Failure” is put only if the essay does not correspond to the topic or it does not trace the specific purpose of the statement, that is, the communicative intention. In all other cases, "offset" is set.
CRITERION #2 “ARGUMENTATION. ATTRACTION OF LITERARY MATERIAL»
This criterion aims at testing the ability to use literary material ( works of art, diaries, memoirs, journalism, works of oral folk art (with the exception of small genres), other literary sources) to argue their position.
The participant must build a reasoning, involving for argumentation at least one works of domestic or world literature, choosing their own way of using literary material; while he can show different level understanding artistic text: from elements of semantic analysis (for example, themes, problems, plot, characters, etc.) to a comprehensive analysis of the work in the unity of form and content and its interpretation in the aspect of the chosen topic.
“Failure” is set on the condition that the essay was written without the involvement of literary material or the content of the work is significantly distorted in it, or literary works are only mentioned in the work, without becoming a support for argumentation. In all other cases, "offset" is set.
CRITERION No. 3 "COMPOSITION AND LOGIC OF REASONING"
This criterion aims to test the ability to logically build a reasoning on the proposed topic. The participant must maintain the relationship between the thesis and evidence.
“Failure” is set on the condition that gross logical violations interfere with understanding the meaning of what was said or there is no thesis and evidence part. In all other cases, "offset" is set.
CRITERION #4 "QUALITY OF WRITTEN SPEECH"
This criterion aims at checking the speech design of the text of the essay.
The participant must accurately express thoughts, using a variety of vocabulary and various grammatical structures, if necessary, it is appropriate to use terms.
"Failure" is set on the condition that the poor quality of speech (including speech errors) significantly complicates the understanding of the meaning of the essay. In all other cases, "offset" is set.
CRITERION #5 "LITERACY"
This criterion allows assessing the literacy of a graduate.
“Failure” is set on the condition that there are more than five errors per 100 words: grammatical, spelling, punctuation.

The final essay is assessed as a credit if:
● Received a "pass" according to Criterion No. 1.
● Received "pass" according to Criterion No. 2.
● Received a "pass" for one of Criteria #3-5.
● The essay must have at least 250 words.
● The essay has not been written off.