Graduated from Novosibirsk State University in 1978 (currently Novosibirsk National Research State University)
Honors Degree in Mathematics, Applied Mathematics
Topic of Ph.D. thesis
REPRESENTATION OF LIE SEMIGROUPS IN A LOCALLY CONVEX SPACE
Topic of doctoral dissertation
DEVELOPMENT OF SUBJECT TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATIZATION OF EDUCATION
Publications
In total, 292 scientific and educational works have been published (including 10 monographs, 57 works in leading peer-reviewed journals and publications recommended by the VAK List Russian Federation, 6 teaching aids, certificate of state registration of the database).
The Russian Science Citation Index lists 138 scientific works, to which there are 1003 references. The Hirsch index according to these works is 15.
Training
"1. The program "Strategic tasks and directions of changes in the financial management system of the university", 24 hours, The educational center training for HSE leaders, 2014
2. Professional retraining under the program "Personnel Management", 252 hours, ANO DPO "TsRR", 2015
3. Professional retraining under the program "State and municipal government”, 252 hours, ANO DPO “TsRR”, 2016
4. Professional retraining under the program "Project Management", 252 hours, ANO DPO "TsRR", 2016
5. Additional professional program University management: social aspects”, 16 hours, MISIS, 2016
6. Professional retraining under the program "Economic bases of activity and management educational organization”, 792 hours, Moscow regional humanitarian Institute, 2017
7. Additional professional program “Management. Project management”, 72 hours, ASPU named after V.M. Shukshin, 2017
"
State and departmental awards
Certificate of honor Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
- Gratitude of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
- Diploma of the Altai Territory Administration Committee for Education.
- Honorary diploma of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation,
order No. 3878 dated 10/13/2003.
- Chest sign « Honorary Worker higher vocational education Russian Federation.
- Gratitude of the Altai Territory Department for Education and Youth Affairs.
- Diploma of the Administration of the city of Barnaul.
Achievements and promotions
Member of the Academy (academician) of the Academy of Informatization of Education.
- Corresponding member International Academy sciences of pedagogical education.
- Member Expert Council on the development of information and communication technologies under the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Siberian Federal District.
- Member of the American Mathematical Society.
- Member of the World Computer Society.
- Expert of the National Training Fund.
- Secretary of the Commission for Prizes of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of education.
- Vice-chairman dissertation council in pedagogical sciences.
- Member of the editorial board of various journals in the field of education.
Professional activity
Barnaul State pedagogical institute. (city of Barnaul, Altai Territory)
1981- 1982 - Assistant of the Department of Mathematical Analysis
1982 -1985 - Senior Lecturer of the Department of Mathematical Analysis
1985-1986 - Senior Lecturer, Acting Head of the Department of Algebra
1986-1995 - associate professor, acting Head of the Department of Computational Mathematics and Programming, Head of the Department of Mathematical Analysis
1995-1998 - doctoral student full-time training, senior researcher of the laboratory "Computers and Education"
1998-2009 - Director of the Institute of Informatization of Education, Professor of the Department of Computational Mathematics and Programming
2009-2010 - Vice-Rector for Research
2010-2012 - First Vice-Rector
2012-2012 - Professor of the Department of Computational Mathematics and Programming
2012-2013 - acting Director of the Department of Research and Development of St. Petersburg humanitarian university trade unions
2013-2013 - First Vice-Rector of the Moscow Institute of Open Education
2013-2015 - First Vice-Rector of the Moscow Pedagogical state university
2015-2017 - Vice-Rector for Administrative Policy, Moscow Pedagogical State University
2017 - to date - Vice-Rector of the Moscow Pedagogical State University
Participation in conferences
(Report at the international scientific and practical conference"From informatics at school to the technosphere of education" in Russian Academy Education December 9, 2015)
Emperor Alexander II
The “monster”, which has lived until now somewhere underground, suddenly from time to time begins to stick out one of its paws. And with each birth, he discovers more and more audacity and ruthlessness in the execution of bloody plans and more and more dexterity and speed in hiding his tracks. And the powerful of this world feel that the soil is being lost under them. ”(S. Stepnyak-Kravchinsky)
Terrorism [from lat. terrorem - intimidation] has a complex psychological structure and dire consequences for both the terrorists themselves and their victims. It usually manifests itself in a conflict situation in the threat of destruction of people or other values, including material and spiritual ones, if the other side does not fulfill the requirements presented to it.
From time to time, terrorism resumes, escalates, then declines, and so on. Terrorism is a phenomenon social psychology and is not yet well understood. Very often, a terrorist receives sympathy in the eyes of the people and almost the aura of a martyr. Most often, terrorism has a political character.
The beginning of terrorism in Russia (here we mean terrorism as a stable and continuing phenomenon for a certain time) is considered the second half of the 19th - early 20th century. It is also necessary to distinguish between the concepts of "terror" and "terrorism", because the first implies the violence of the strong side over the weak (the state over the opposition), and the second - the use of intimidation by the weak over the strong (opposition over the state).
There are two peaks of terrorism in Russia: the second half of the 19th century-1882. and the beginning of the XX century-1911.
It is believed that Karakozov's shot marked the beginning of Russian terrorism.
D. Kardovsky "Shot of Karakozov"
Shot by Karakozov
The one who shot at Emperor Alexander turned out to be expelled from the number of students (Kazan, and then Moscow universities) for participating in the riots by a nobleman with. Zhmakino Serdobsky district of the Saratov province by Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov (1840-1866).
Karakozov was a member of the Moscow revolutionary circle called "Organization", within which there was a narrower circle of initiates under the formidable name "Hell".
D. Karakozov
On April 4, 1866, Dmitry Karakozov shot at Emperor Alexander II: at four in the afternoon, after a usual walk in the Summer Garden, accompanied by his nephew, Duke Nicholas of Leuchtenberg, and his niece, Princess Maria of Baden, he got into a carriage when an unknown person shot him with a pistol . The assassination attempt failed: there is a version that the peasant O. Komissarov pushed the shooter, this was allegedly seen by General E.I. Totleben. The sovereign from the Summer Garden immediately went to the Kazan Cathedral to thank God for salvation, and Duke Nikolai and Princess Maria went to a meeting of the State Council to warn Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich about what had happened, after the meeting he and his family again went to the Kazan Cathedral, where in front of the icon A thanksgiving service was served to the Mother of God.
Karakozov was executed, but this incident excited society. Telegrams and letters went from all over Russia expressing joy that the emperor had not suffered, but some (the youngest and most active part of the intelligentsia) elevated Karakozov to the rank of martyr. “His shot could not but have an exciting effect on those who dreamed of a fight and a better future…,” a contemporary wrote. “Let all of Russia crucify itself in devotion to the tsar and bring him addresses and icons, but Karakozov is still ours, our flesh, our blood, our brother, our friend, our comrade!” E. Breshkovskaya wrote to the correspondent.
A.I. Herzen assessed Karakozov's act sharply negatively: " Only among wild and decrepit peoples history breaks through murders", - so he wrote in the "Bell" two weeks after the assassination attempt.
A. Herzen
These words forever deprived him of revolutionary leadership in exile. A.A. Serno-Solovyevich replied: No, g[master] founder of Russian socialism, the younger generation will not forgive you for a review of Karakozov - you will not scrape these lines with anything". Thus, there is a division of Russia into two camps: supporters of terrorism as a method of combating the autocracy and opponents of such actions.
How it all began? N. Ishutin, a student, Karakozov's cousin, organized a circle, which aimed to "arrange the state on socialist ideas." There were many such circles in Russia at that time, and almost all of them chose a not very original path - the assassination of the tsar and systematic terror. But for the majority, things did not go beyond conversations and heated debates on this topic, and the modest and previously unnoticeable D. Karakozov moved from words to deeds. His act was not unequivocally assessed as a crime. And few people at that time saw in his actions a symptom of the beginning of a dangerous disease of society with terrorism.
It seems that Karakozov, who shared his plans for regicide with Ishutin and other members of the circle and did not receive their approval for his intention, committed his act purely out of sports passion and subsequent interest: what will happen after that? After the assassination attempt, they found a proclamation from Karakozov, with which he addressed "worker friends:" The kings are the real culprits of all our troubles. When the very will came out from the king, then I saw that my truth. This is the will: that they cut off the smallest piece of land from the landowners' possessions, and even for that the peasant must pay a lot of money, but where can the already ruined peasant get money to buy back the land that he cultivated from time immemorial? Even the peasants did not believe in those days that the tsar deceived them so cleverly; they thought that it was the landlords who were hiding their real will from them, and they began to refuse it and not obey the landowners, they did not believe the intermediaries, who were also all from the landowners. The tsar heard about this and sent his generals with troops to punish the disobedient peasants, and these generals began to hang the peasants and shoot them. The peasants humbled themselves, accepted this will-bondage, and their life became worse than before. It was sad, hard for me that my beloved people were dying like that, and so I decided to destroy the villainous tsar and die for my dear people myself. . But if it doesn’t work, I still believe that there will be people who will follow my path. I failed, they will succeed. For them, my death will be an example and inspire them ... ".
During the investigation, Karakozov betrayed everyone from the Ishutin circle. It became known that all the members of the circle had poison with them in order to take it in case of arrest, but no one took advantage of it.
The investigation went on until September and suddenly stopped. This was due to the expected arrival on September 14 from Denmark of the bride of Tsarevich Alexander, so as not to overshadow the celebration. Karakozov was presented as a lone terrorist, although he did not withdraw his testimony. At the same time, even before the start of the trial, 11 gallows were built by order of the king - according to the number of suspects in the attempt. On September 3, Karakozov was indicted and hanged on the same day.
After the execution of Karakozov, the family changed their surname (Vladimirovs).
The rest of the defendants (34 people), mostly members of the Hell organization, were tried separately, but not in connection with the assassination of Karakozov, but in connection with their revolutionary activities. A total of 197 people were involved in the Karakozov case; among them are Chernyshevsky's associates, participants in the first "Earth and Freedom": A.D. Putyata, P.L. Lavrov, writers V.S. Kurochkin, G.E. Blagosvetlov, D.I. Pisarev, V.A. Zaitsev; M.A. Antonovich. No one was executed, but some were sent to hard labor. Ishutin was sentenced to hanging, a gallows was built, a crowd of people was gathered on October 4, 1866 (exactly six months after the assassination attempt), and, putting a noose around the convict's neck, they announced royal mercy. Ishutin went mad and died in hard labor in 1879.
Chapel of the Savior in honor of the memory of saving the life of Alexander II after the shot of Karakozov. The area began to be called Aleksandrovskaya. Postcard
On April 4, 1866, Alexander II publicly declared: God saved me, as long as He needs me, He will protect me. If it is His will to take me, it will be done.».
Young I.E. Repin, together with the artist N. Murashko, was present at the execution of Karakozov, she made a deep impression on him. He left his memories of this: It seemed that he could not walk or was in tetanus; he must have had his hands tied. But here he is, liberated, earnestly, in Russian, without haste, bowed on all four sides to all the people. This bow immediately turned all this many-headed field, it became familiar and close to this alien, strange creature, which the crowd ran to look at, like a miracle. Perhaps it was only at that moment that the “criminal” himself vividly felt the significance of the moment - forgiveness forever with the world and universal connection with it.
The executioners brought Karakozov under the gallows, put him on a bench and put on a rope ... Then the executioner with a deft movement knocked out the stand from under his feet.
Karakozov was already rising smoothly, swaying on a rope, his head, tied at the neck, seemed to be either a puppet figure or a Circassian in a hood. Soon he began to convulsively bend his legs - they were in gray trousers. I turned away to the crowd and was very surprised that all the people were in a green fog ... I felt dizzy, I grabbed Goosebumps and almost bounced off his face - it was amazingly terrible in its expression of suffering; suddenly he seemed like a second Karakozov to me. God! His eyes, only his nose was shorter…”.
Immediately after the execution, Repin made a pencil sketch of Karakozov.
I. Repin "D.V. Karakozov"
Maria Ulyanova, Alexander Ulyanov and Dmitry Karakozov
Version of the great-niece of the terrorist who shot at Tsar Alexander II, Tatyana Karakozova: “Dmitry Karakozov had a serious affair with Maria Ulyanova. He was the real father of Alexander Ulyanov. The Karakozovs and the Ulyanovs lived in the same house in Penza.
Emperor of All Russia, Tsar of Poland, Grand Duke Finnish Alexander II died as a result of a terrorist act on March 1, 1881. This was the seventh assassination attempt on the king-liberator, the king-reformer. The first happened fifteen years earlier. On April 4, 1866, when, after a walk in the Summer Garden, he got into a carriage that was waiting on the Neva embankment, a shot rang out ... Not only the gendarmes, but also eyewitnesses who were nearby attacked the criminal.
"Shot of Karakozov". Artist B. Lebedev
- Guys! I shot for you! he shouted.
Alexander ordered to bring the shooter to him, asked:
- You're polish?
- Russian.
- Why did you shoot me?
- You deceived the people: you promised them land, but did not give it.
“Take him to the Third Section,” Alexander ordered.
This is how many writers describe the assassination attempt - from Valentin Pikul to Voldemar Balyazin.
There are different explanations for the miraculous salvation of the august person. The first and most banal: the assassin missed. Second: he let down a double charge of gunpowder - the recoil when fired was so monstrous that the muzzle of the pistol was pulled up. (Valentin Pikul.) There is also officially recognized: saving the life of the sovereign, the Kostroma peasant Osip Komissarov pushed the potential killer (option: hit on the arm). Valentin Pikul, in his miniature “The Kostroma Nobleman”, claims that General Eduard Totleben, who fell into disgrace, took advantage of the incident and staged a loyal performance - he made a hero, the savior of the sovereign and the Fatherland, from the first person he saw in the crowd.
In the Third Department of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery (the highest police body in charge of overseeing politically unreliable persons and detective work), the shooter called himself a peasant Alexei Petrov, but refused to testify. During the proceedings, it was established that he lived in the Znamenskaya Hotel, as a result of a search in the 65th room of which a torn letter to Nikolai Ishutin was found. Ishutin was immediately arrested, and from him they learned the name of the terrorist - Dmitry Karakozov.
Karakozov's assassination attempt on Alexander II. Artist Dmitry Kardovsky
In the pocket of the detainee was one copy of the proclamation "To Friends-Workers!", which, as it turned out, he distributed on the eve of the assassination attempt. Its text is given in the book of the historian and archeographer Alexei Shilov (Shilov, A.A. From the history of the revolutionary movement of the 1860s //
The voice of the past. 1918. No. 10–12. S. 161.):“It was sad, it became hard for me that ... my beloved people were dying, and so I decided to destroy the villainous king and die for my dear people myself. If I succeed in my plan, I will die with the thought that by my death I have benefited my dear friend, the Russian peasant. But if it doesn’t work, I still believe that there will be people who will follow my path. I failed, they will succeed. For them, my death will be an example and inspire them ... ".
The verdict of the Supreme Criminal Court noted: Dmitry Karakozov admitted that "his crime is so great that it cannot be justified even by the painful nervous state in which he was." The court determined: “called a nobleman, but not approved in the nobility, Dmitry Vladimirov Karakozov, 25 years old, upon deprivation of all rights of the state, to be executed by death by hanging.”
Dmitry Karakozov before execution. Drawing by Ilya Repin
The sentence was carried out on September 3 in St. Petersburg, on the Smolensk field with a large gathering of people.
By that time, a temporary wooden chapel had already been built at the site of the assassination attempt; within a year, a stone chapel was erected instead (architect Roman Kuzmin). At the direction of the emperor, the chapel had to be kept in a strict style in order to harmoniously combine with the famous lattice of the Summer Garden (architect - Yuri Felten), part of which had to be dismantled. One of the interior inscriptions warned: "Do not touch My Anointed One." The chapel was consecrated - under a cannon salute from the Peter and Paul Fortress - in the name of the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky on April 4, 1867.
In 1930, the chapel was dismantled, the grating was restored and a modest marble plaque was fixed on it: “At this place on April 4, 1866, the revolutionary D.V. Karakozov fired at Alexander II.
... Psychologist Olga Bodunova in the publication "Ideological and psychological motives for terrorist crimes in Russia" (in the scientific and theoretical journal "Society. Environment. Development" / TerraHumana, February 2007) claims that in the proclamation "To Friends-Workers!" Karakozov explained the motives of his action: “Karakozov not only became imbued with the idea of committing a crime - the murder of the tsar - for the good of the Motherland (peasantry), but was also ready to die himself “for his kind people.”
Is it so? Is all of the above true? These and other questions of our correspondent are answered by the great-niece of the "fiery revolutionary" Tatyana Karakozova.
She is a sculptor, a graduate of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. I.E. Repin (read - Academy of Arts), student of Mikhail Anikushin. Already a member of the Union of Artists, Tatyana Vladimirovna got a job in the forestry, settled in a "state house without amenities." Firstly, at that time she had nowhere to lay her head, ”and secondly, there were horses in the forestry, which she loves crazy, and the main theme of her work is horses. Not so long ago, Karakozova "came out of a voluntary retreat" ...
"Shot of Karakozov". Artist Vasily Griner
“THE REVOLUTIONARY IS MADE FROM KARAKOZOV, A LONE TERRORIST”
- Tatyana Vladimirovna, when we agreed on a meeting, it sounded: “I am the last of a kind Tatar Khan Karakoza "...
- Yes it is. It is known that Ivan the Terrible had such an associate. Apparently, he served well - he received the nobility. Of course, the ending "ov" was added to the surname. The family nest of the Karakozovs still exists in Penza region- the village of Zhmakino, but, they say, few people live there now - the Russian village is dying out ... Maybe you will be interested in this fact: the surname Karakozov is found in Leonid Sabaneev's book about hunting dogs. One of the Karakozovs, who lived in the middle of the last century, had a Russian dog, a survivor (male hunting breed - Ed.) Kosmach. He was famous for the fact that he alone went to the wolf, and Sabaneev entered him into history. After the event that happened on April 4, 1866, not only Dmitry Karakozov was deprived of the nobility, but also his brothers Alexei and Peter - they were sent to the Saratov province, to the village of Shirovka, Volsky district. At the same time, the surname Karakozov began to be given to conversions. When I got a job in the forestry, the chief forester (I will not give my last name) for some reason spread the rumor that I was a baptized Jew.
- On what line are you related to Dmitry Vladimirovich?
- On the line of brother Peter.
What can you say about your other relatives?
- Some of the Karakozovs lived in Saratov. My grandfather, Karakozov Mikhail Vasilievich, who was called up from the Volsk military registration and enlistment office in 1941, ended up on the Leningrad front. In 1944, on March 23, he died near Narva. He was buried in a mass grave of Soviet soldiers in the village of Kärekonna, seven and a half kilometers along the road to Tallinn. There was also a relative who died defending Leningrad.
Dad, Vladimir Mikhailovich Karakozov, also a front-line soldier, participant Battle of Stalingrad; after the war he graduated from the Saratov Road Institute, which is currently Technical University them. Yu.A. Gagarin, worked there as vice-rector for evening and distance learning. He headed the regional Council of Veterans, achieved free travel for pensioners in fixed-route taxis. His uncle Ilya sang in the church choir; he never studied singing anywhere, but by nature he possessed a rare tenor - they joked that Kozlovsky would not have voiced with him! Another uncle was the director of the church choir in the village of Bely Klyuch. Papa's younger brother Nikolai moved to Leningrad in 1952, he was a test pilot. Graduated flight school in Saratov, then - the Leningrad Air Force Academy. This is the fifth generation, if you count from Dmitry Vladimirovich and his brothers. I am the sixth. The current Karakozovs have no male heirs. So the surname, consider, no longer exists.
- You say that close relatives of Dmitry Karakozov were deprived of the nobility.
– All relatives and their descendants were deprived of the nobility.
- In the Verdict of the Supreme Criminal Court, published in the newspaper "Moskovskie Vedomosti" in September 1866, there is a very strange phrase: "Dmitry Vladimirov Karakozov, who is called a nobleman, but not approved in the nobility ...". How would you like to understand "named, but not approved"?
– As casuistry or insinuation. It never occurred to the person who wrote this phrase that in 150 years someone would become interested in the state criminal Karakozov and would understand the motivation for his act.
- In our time, you probably are not very pleased to realize that your ancestor - I quote - "opened the era of terrorism in Russia" ...
- IN historical literature there is only an official point of view on Karakozov: a revolutionary, a lone terrorist. In my first or second year at the Serov Art School, I found and read a fictionalized biography of Dmitry Vladimirovich in the reading room of the Academy of Arts, the book was called The Shot, unfortunately I don’t remember the author. Of course, it was "edited" by Soviet censors, but the author honestly writes that nowhere, in any archives, there are documents indicating Karakozov's involvement in revolutionary circles.
– Excuse me, but there is information that Dmitry Karakozov was a member of a secret political society headed by his cousin Ishutin. It is alleged that he, like some other members of the circle, was a supporter of the tactics of individual terror, believing that the assassination of the king would push the people to a social revolution.
- Nikolai Andreevich Ishutin could be his cousin on the maternal side, otherwise he would have had the surname Karakozov. When the Third Department received an order from the tsar to give the assassination a political coloring, and it suddenly turns out that Karakozov's relative is a revolutionary, only a fool would not take advantage of such a gift. But, you see, Dmitry might not know what his cousin is doing. Ishutinskaya organization was secret! Dmitry Karakozov is not a terrorist at all - they made a terrorist out of him.
– How to explain the fact that during the arrest Karakozov found a proclamation “To Friends-workers!” in his pocket?
“Can it be said for certain that the proclamation was in his pocket?”
Chapel at the site of the assassination attempt by Dmitry Karakozov on Alexander II
"WHOSE FATHER WAS DMITRY KARAKOZOV"
- But the fact of the assassination attempt on the sovereign emperor cannot be denied, which means that there must be a reason that prompted Dmitry Vladimirovich to do this.
There was a reason, of course. Completely unexpected. The fact is that in the early 1860s, the Karakozov family lived in Penza on the street, which was later named after Karakozov ...
- His name was also given to the streets in Serdobsk, Mozhaisk, Tula, Krivoy Rog.
- Well, yes. The house was big and wooden. The Karakozovs occupied half, and Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov and his wife Maria lived in the other half. In to Soviet time there were no communal apartments in Russia, and, most likely, the Karakozovs and the Ulyanovs were somehow related. How to prove it? Don't know. Archives perished in the fires of revolutions and wars, some documents were deliberately destroyed. Ilya Nikolaevich treated his professional and official duties responsibly. The young wife was too often left at home alone, bored. Apparently, Maria Alexandrovna was not just a loving woman, but possessed some kind of magical power - she is recognized for this. And Dmitry could not resist, although Maria Alexandrovna was five years older. Between them began a relationship, it seems, quite serious. They did not stop even after Ilya Ulyanov was transferred to the Nizhny Novgorod Men's Gymnasium and the Ulyanovs left Penza. By that time, Ilya Nikolaevich and Maria Alexandrovna already had a daughter, Anna, and on March 31, 1866, a boy was born, whose father was Dmitry Karakozov.
Do you know the fate of this boy?
- The fate of this boy is known to everyone, as well as his name - Alexander. Alexander Ulyanov. Probably, Dmitry Karakozov took some action to legitimize his relationship with Maria Ulyanova, but it was not possible to terminate the church marriage, and he decided on a desperate step - he went to St. Petersburg to the tsar with the hope of begging highest resolution for the divorce of Maria and Ilya Ulyanov. The argument was more than serious: they love each other with Maria, they had a son, and he, Karakozov, as a nobleman, cannot but marry her. There is no evidence of an audience. It can be assumed that a refusal followed. For Karakozov, this was the end of everything, and the impulsive young man, who had lost his mind, got a gun - at that time it was not difficult to do this. What happened next is known with varying degrees of certainty. Such is, as it is now customary to say, lovestory.
- Tatyana Vladimirovna, how do you know all this?
– I learned about all this in February 2015. Dad died. We buried him in Bazarny Karabulak, where his mother was buried. In the evening - commemoration. Nikolai Fedorovich Kurbatov (he is brought to me by a relative on his maternal side; the mother of Nikolai Fedorovich is nee Karakozov) and told, referring to his nephew, a graduate of the history department of Saratov University, Yuri Kurbatov. Yuri Alekseevich, as it turned out, has long been engaged in tribal research. You can't imagine how shocked I was!
Ulyanov family. Sitting: Maria Alexandrovna (first from the left) with her youngest daughter Maria (on her knees), Dmitry (second from the left) and Vladimir (first from the right). Standing: Olga (first from left), Alexander (second from left) and Anna (third from left)
- This begs the question: did Alexander Ulyanov try to avenge his father, preparing an assassination attempt on Alexander III?
- This is not a question for me. But how can you prove it? Here, read. (Tatyana Karakozova shows the publication of Larisa Vasilyeva "Children of the Kremlin" in the magazine "Spark", April 1996, No. 17).
(I read: “In the spring of 1891, in an intellectual company, I heard an implausible legend: as if Lenin’s mother, Maria Blank, had been with him for some time before her marriage. royal court almost a maid of honor, started an affair with one of the grand dukes, almost with the future Alexander II, became pregnant and was sent to her parents, where she was urgently married off as a humble teacher Ilya Ulyanov, promising him a promotion ... Maria gave birth to a son, Alexander, her first child, then many more children from her husband, and after many years, Alexander Ulyanov learned the secret mother and vowed to take revenge on the king for her desecrated honor: becoming a student, he contacted terrorists and encroached on the life of the king, who was his true father ... ").
- How do you like this version, Tatyana Vladimirovna?
- When did you find out that you are related to Dmitry Karakozov?
- In the late 1950s, dad went to Leningrad and brought a photograph where he stands under a memorial plaque "April 4 at this place ...". Someone asked to "click". Dad was a good photographer himself, he took a whole suitcase. Perhaps there were some other pictures associated with Dmitry Karakozov, but, as it turned out after my father's death, he, sorting through the family archive, filled the suitcase with my children's drawings. He destroyed a lot of photographs, and I did not find the one where he is near the bars of the Summer Garden. At the age of 16, immediately after my graduation from school, my mother and I arrived in Leningrad and first of all went to the Summer Garden. It was then that I internally felt an inexplicable connection with the person whose name is on memorial plaque. But in general, it was not customary in the family to talk about Dmitry Karakozov. Only my grandmother, Anfisa Vasilievna, once said: “There was an apostate in our family.” It meant: he raised his hand to the anointed of God. The family was an old believer.
- At Soviet power Dmitry Karakozov became a hero...
- It was not he who became a hero - I already said: they made him a hero.
- Yes, but in the ever-memorable Soviet times, I didn’t come across books about Karakozov - not historical research, nor popular science publications. In the Soviet Union, for more than 20 years, books have been published in the "Fiery Revolutionaries" series. Whoever they wrote about, even about Thomas Paine and Robert Eich, completely unknown to our fellow citizens. There was no book about Dmitry Karakozov!
- This could lead a thinking person to the idea that information about him is closed.
- Relatives, descendants famous people, their associates and friends were then invited to schools, asked to speak at pioneer gatherings ...
- There was deathly silence around the Karakozov family! Does this mean something? Tell about it revolutionary activity there was absolutely no one. The title of revolutionary assigned to him was not supported by the facts. With us, everything was taken on faith, but it was necessary to tell, in terms of facts.
- Nevertheless, your surname is such that the question of family ties suggests itself.
- The question was asked and asked, I answered honestly and answer: yes, a relative.
- The dialogue should not be continued - do they bother with questions?
– Fellow students didn’t care about my distant relative. Everyone had their own affairs, their own interests, professional and not only.
- And the teachers were not interested?
- They knew exactly as much about Karakozov as all other citizens Soviet Union. No one asked me, but I never started talking about this topic. For what? She herself was interested in this tragic story, tried to find some new information, but very soon realized that information about Karakozov's attempt on Alexander II was tabooed.
Tatyana Karakozova. 2016
S. Zhmakino, Saratov province - September 3, St. Petersburg) - Russian revolutionary terrorist who committed one of the unsuccessful attempts on the Russian Emperor Alexander II on April 4, 1866.
Biography
Descended from small landed nobility.
In the spring of 1866, on his own initiative, he left for St. Petersburg in order to assassinate the emperor. Karakozov outlined the motives for his act in a handwritten proclamation "To Friends-Workers", in which he called on the people for a revolution and the establishment of a socialist system after the regicide.
April 4, 1866 shot at Alexander II at the gates of the Summer Garden, but missed. He was arrested and imprisoned in Alekseevsky Ravelin Peter and Paul Fortress. According to the official version, the reason for Karakozov's miss was that his hand was pushed away by the peasant Osip Komisarov, who was elevated to the nobility with the surname of Komissarov-Kostromsky.
In the proclamation “To Friends-Workers!”, which Karakozov distributed on the eve of the assassination attempt (one copy of which was found in the pocket of a terrorist during his arrest), the revolutionary explained the motives of his act: “It was sad, hard for me that ... my beloved people were dying, and so I decided destroy the villainous king and die for his kind people himself. If I succeed in my plan, I will die with the thought that by my death I have benefited my dear friend, the Russian peasant. But if it doesn’t work, I still believe that there will be people who will follow my path. I failed, they will succeed. For them, my death will be an example and inspire them ... "
The investigation into the Karakozov case was headed by Count M. N. Muravyov, who did not live two days before the verdict. At first, the terrorist refused to testify and claimed that he was the peasant son Alexei Petrov. During the investigation, it was established that he lived in room 65 in the Znamenskaya hotel. A search of the room brought the police a torn letter to Ishutin, who was immediately arrested and from whom they learned the name of Karakozov. According to a number of data, during the investigation Karakozov was deprived of sleep.
During the process in the Supreme Criminal Court (August 10 - October 1, 1866) over members of the Ishutin circle, at a meeting on August 31, chaired by Prince P. P. Gagarin, he was sentenced to death. The verdict of the Court noted that in the attempt on the life of the "Holy Person of the Sovereign Emperor" (one of the 2 charges), Karakozov "confessed, explaining before the Supreme Criminal Court, when issuing him a copy of the indictment, that his crime was so great that can be justified even by the morbid nervous state in which he was at that time.
Today, a simple school graduate is unlikely to answer the question of who Karakozov Dmitry Vladimirovich is, and what this person is famous for. Meanwhile, the name of this man remained in the history of our country. True, he glorified himself in a dubious way.
Consider briefly life path this man who died very young.
Biography milestones
Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov was born in 1840. His family belonged to the poor nobles.
However, the young man had all the privileges that a noble offspring could count on. He graduated from the men's gymnasium in Penza, which would allow him to serve in the rank of a middle-class official.
However, the young man dreamed of continuing his education. He entered Kazan University, then transferred to Moscow University. However, due to lack of funds, he had to leave his studies.
His active nature was looking for the unknown and untried, and the modest position of a clerk at the justice of the peace could not satisfy his ambitious plans.
And then Karakozov Dmitry Vladimirovich is fond of revolutionary ideas that literally permeated a certain part of the youth of that time.
revolutionary activity
In 1865, at the age of 25, a young man joins an underground organization whose goal was to create conditions for the overthrow of the autocracy in Russia and the subsequent social revolution.
Dmitry's cousin N. A. Ishutin becomes the head of this organization. Young people think of themselves as new Robespierres and Marats, dreaming of a radical transformation of all Russian life. Individual terror was chosen as the means of such a transformation, which, in the opinion of the members of the community, could awaken revolutionary forces in Russia.
Actually, this organization trained people who today we would call "suicide bombers", they agreed to the murder of prominent figures Russian empire including royalty. Their goal was to cause a huge as a result of which the socio-political situation in the country would change, and revolutionary elements would gain power.
Karakozov Dmitry Vladimirovich agrees to become such a "suicide bomber".
In 1866 he went to Petersburg. The young man conceived a terrible thing - he was preparing for regicide.
Attempted regicide
Note that Dmitry Vladimirovich Karakozov, whose biography will end at the age of 25, was fully aware of his actions. Just when he was going to St. Petersburg, he wrote a kind of testament for his friends, which he called “Friends-workers!”. In this text, the young man, with some naivety, explains the motives of his future action. He says that he wants to kill the villainous tsar so that the simple Russian people do not suffer under his yoke. The revolutionary believes that other people will follow him and complete the work he started.
The assassination attempt, which the revolutionary planned, took place on April 4, 1866. On this day, Tsar Alexander II walked in the Summer Garden.
The terrorist took aim, however, according to the version of the investigation, he was pushed away by a nearby peasant Osip Komissarov (later the act of this peasant was highly appreciated by the authorities).
Karakozov missed, the king saw him and fled from the killer, trying to save his life. The revolutionary tried to make a few more shots, they ended unsuccessfully. Soon he was captured.
Court and sentence
The trial of the terrorist everyone's attention. The investigation was headed by a prominent associate of the king, Count M.N. Muravyov.
At first Karakozov Dmitry Vladimirovich refused to testify, he called himself peasant son Petrov. However, the investigation established his place of residence in St. Petersburg, his letters to his cousin were found, and his comrades in a secret organization were arrested.
Only thanks to these arrests, it was possible to establish the real name of the terrorist.
As a result, in October 1866, the court sentenced Karakozov to death.
The execution took place on September 3 of the same year with a large crowd of people. Despite his excited state, the young revolutionary behaved calmly.
The artist Repin even left a drawing of a man sentenced to hanging young man. This drawing has survived to this day, because Karakozov Dmitry Vladimirovich, whose photo can be found with difficulty, lived on earth too little, and was poor, to leave artistic portraits behind him.
Posthumous memory
After the execution of the terrorist, a chapel was erected at the site of his attempt on the king in memory of the miraculous salvation of the sovereign.
However, this did not help the emperor survive 8 more assassination attempts, the last of which ended in death for him.
Young Karakozov was right: he had loyal followers who believed that the death of one person could make others happy.
At that time, the country was changing, the existing ideology of monarchism, which chose the formula for itself: Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality, no longer suited many people. As a result, this led to the fact that the “Karakozov syndrome” affected the minds and hearts of everyone. more of people. The crisis in the relationship between the people and the authorities, the loss of faith in the old ideology led our country to the catastrophe of 1917.
But that's a completely different story.
