Volgograd (Stalingrad) is one of the most famous and significant cities bearing the title of Hero City. Summer 1941 Nazi German troops launched a massive offensive on the southern front, trying to capture the Caucasus, Crimea, the Don, the lower Volga and Kuban - the richest and most fertile lands of the USSR. First of all, the city of Stalingrad came under attack, the attack on which was entrusted to the 6th Army under the command of Colonel General Paulus.
twelfth of july Soviet command creates the Stalingrad Front, the main task of which is to stop the invasion of the German invaders on southbound. And as part of this task, on July 17, 1942, one of the greatest and largest battles in the history of World War II began - the Battle of Stalingrad. Despite the desire of the Nazis to capture the city as soon as possible, it lasted 200 long, bloody days and nights, thanks to the incredible efforts of the heroes of the army, navy and ordinary residents of the region.
Sculptures "Stand to Death" (in the foreground) and "The Motherland Calls!" monument-ensemble "Heroes Battle of Stalingrad"on Mamaev Kurgan (1960-1967).
The first attack on the city took place on August 23, 1942. Then, a little north of Volgograd, the Germans almost approached the Volga. Policemen, sailors of the Volga Fleet, NKVD troops, cadets and other volunteer heroes were sent to defend the city. On the same night, the Germans made the first air raid on the city, and on August 25, a state of siege was introduced in Stalingrad. At that time, about 50 thousand volunteers signed up for the people's militia - heroes from among ordinary citizens. Despite the almost uninterrupted shelling, the factories of Stalingrad continued to work and produce tanks, Katyushas, cannons, mortars and a huge number of shells.
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 City of Stalingrad after liberation from Nazi German invaders February 2, 1943.
September 12, 1942 the enemy came close to the city. Two months of fierce defensive battles for Volgograd inflicted significant damage on the Germans: the enemy lost about 700 thousand people killed and wounded, and on November 19, 1942, the counteroffensive of the Soviet troops began.
The offensive operation continued for 75 days and, finally, the enemy near Stalingrad was surrounded and completely defeated. January 1943 brought complete victory in this sector of the front. Fascist invaders were surrounded, and General Paulus with the whole army surrendered. For the entire time of the Battle of Stalingrad german army lost more than 1.5 million people.
Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 Soviet soldiers are fighting on the territory of the Stalingrad plant "Red October" in the open-hearth workshop No. 1. December 1942.
Stalingrad was one of the first to be called a hero city. This honorary title was first announced in the order of the commander-in-chief of May 1, 1945. And the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad" became a symbol of the courage of the defenders of the city.
In the hero city of Volgograd there are many monuments dedicated to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Among them is the famous memorial Complex on Mamaev Kurgan - a hill on the right bank of the Volga, known since the time of the Tatar-Mongol invasion. During the battle for Stalingrad, especially fierce battles took place here, as a result of which, about 35,000 hero warriors were buried on Mamaev Kurgan. In honor of all the fallen, in 1959 a memorial to the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad was erected here.
The inscriptions on the wall of Pavlov's house in Stalingrad (now Volgograd): "Motherland! Here Rodimtsev's guards fought heroically against the enemy: Ilya Voronov, Pavel Demchenko, Alexei Anikin, Pavel Dovisenko" and "This house was defended by Guards Sergeant Yakov Fedotovich Pavlov!" 1943 The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The main architectural attraction of Mamaev Kurgan is the 85-meter monument "Motherland Calls". The monument depicts a woman with a sword in her hand, who calls on her sons - heroes to fight.
Square near the central department store in Stalingrad after the defeat of the Nazis. 1943 The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.
The old mill of Gergardt (Grudinin's mill) is another silent witness of the courageous struggle of the defenders of the hero city of Volgograd. This is a destroyed building that has not been restored to this day in memory of the war.
The settlement on the territory of modern Volgograd was founded presumably in 1555. It was first mentioned in historical materials as Tsaritsyn in 1589.
The city got its name from the river Tsaritsa, which flows into the Volga. The name is probably based on the Tatar words “sari-su” (yellow river) or “sari-chin” (yellow island), since the Russian settlement with a wooden fortress originally arose on about. Tsaritsyn and served to defend the Volga route at the junction of the Volga and the Don from the steppe nomads and bands of robbers who roamed the Volga. At the beginning of the XVII century. Tsaritsyn burned down; rebuilt in 1615 on the right bank of the Volga by the governor M. Solovtsov. Trade and embassy ships of Persia, Bukhara, India and other countries became under the protection of the fortress. In 1606, under False Dmitry I, the Volga Cossacks took possession of the city, proclaiming here one of their comrades as Tsarevich Peter, the son of Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich. From here, the Cossacks intended to go to Moscow, but the death of False Dmitry changed their decision.
In 1667-1672. The Tsaritsyno garrison took the side of Stepan Razin. In 1691, a customs office was established in Tsaritsyn, and there was a lively trade in salt and fish. In 1707, the Don Cossacks, led by Vasily Bulavin and Ignatius Nekrasov, took the city, but were soon expelled by government troops arriving from Astrakhan. In 1722 and 1723 Peter I visited the city and presented it to his wife Catherine I. In 1727 Tsaritsyn was destroyed by fire again. In 1731, Tsaritsyn was rebuilt and fortified. The city became the center of the military line from the Volga to the Don. In 1774, the city was besieged twice by E. I. Pugachev, but without success.
In 1708, Tsaritsyn was assigned to the Kazan province, from 1719 to Astrakhan, from 1773 to the Saratov governorate. Since 1780 - the county town of the Saratov governorship (then the province). At the beginning of the XIX century. small industry began to appear in the city (3 brick, 2 candle factories, mustard and beer factories). 5 postal roads ran through Tsaritsyn: Moscow, Astrakhan, Saratov, Cherkasy and Tsarevskaya. In 1862, the Volga-Don railway (Tsaritsyn - Kalach-on-Don) went into operation, in 1879 - on Gryaz and further to Moscow, in 1897 - on North Caucasus(through Tikhoretsk), in 1900 - to the Donbass. In Tsaritsyn there were agencies of many shipping companies. In 1880, the oil refining complex of the Nobel company was put into operation, the largest oil storage facilities in Russia were built. Shipbuilding (large-capacity kerosene-loading barges) and the woodworking industry are developing. At the beginning of the XX century. in the city there were already over 230 factories and plants (15 sawmills, 2 flour mills, 4 iron and mechanical foundries, 5 mustard and salt mills, etc.), banks, banking offices. The city was telephoned.
In 1913, a tram appeared in Tsaritsyno, and the first electric lights were installed in the central part. Also opened 10 Orthodox churches and 1 Lutheran, Orthodox convent, men's and women's gymnasiums, trade and city schools, 2 public libraries, 5 printing houses, 2 hospitals, 2 outpatient clinics, a zemstvo animal hospital, a society of doctors, a bacteriological laboratory, a meteorological station, 3 summer fairs were held annually . Trade was of a transit nature: from the Volga there were goods along railways V Central Russia, on the Don and Ciscaucasia.
During civil war(1918-1920) fierce battles took place in Tsaritsyn.
Since 1920, Tsaritsyn has been the center of the Tsaritsyn province. In 1925 the city was renamed Stalingrad. In 1928 - the center of the district as part of the Nizhnevolzhsky region, in 1932 - the center of the Nizhnevolzhsky region. In 1934, after the division of the Lower Volga region into Saratov and Stalingrad, Stalingrad became the center of the latter. Since 1936, the Stalingrad region has been transformed into the Stalingrad region. During the years of the first five-year plans, old ones were reconstructed and more than 50 new plants were built, incl. the country's first tractor (1930), StalGRES, shipyard. In 1940, there were 126 enterprises in Stalingrad.
During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), on the outskirts of the city and in the city itself from July 17, 1942 to February 2, 1943, one of the most important battles of the Second World War (1939-1945) took place - Stalingrad, became its turning point. Initially, the offensive in the Stalingrad direction was carried out by the 6th German Army, and from July 31, 1942, by the 4th Panzer Army. IN defensive operation Soviet troops bled the main enemy grouping near Stalingrad and created the conditions for a counteroffensive. By concentrating additional forces, the Soviet command carried out offensive operation, as a result of which the Nazi 6th and 4th tank army, Romanian 3rd and 4th armies, Italian 8th army.
The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days. The fascist bloc lost in it killed, wounded, captured and missing about 1.5 million people (!) - a quarter of all its forces operating on the Soviet-German front.
For outstanding services to the Motherland on May 1, 1945, Stalingrad was awarded honorary title hero city, and on May 8, 1965 he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.
Our glorious city was completely destroyed during the Second World War. But immediately after the war, he rose from the ashes like the legendary Phoenix bird. In 1961, the hero city was renamed Volgograd from Stalingrad.
Modern Volgograd is one of the most beautiful cities in Russia. According to the general plan of 1945, it retained the historically established linear planning system, and the coastal part was freed from industrial buildings, warehouses, etc., which cut off residential areas from the river. In the north-east, the city is closed by the Volzhskaya hydroelectric power station (in the city of Volzhsky), in the south-west - by the Volga-Don shipping canal, which made Volgograd a port of five seas.
Our wonderful city stretches for 90 km along the banks of the Volga and covers an area of 56.5 thousand hectares. This territory is divided into 8 administrative districts: Traktorozavodsky, Krasnooktyabrsky, Central, Dzerzhinsky, Voroshilovsky, Sovetsky, Kirovsky and Krasnoarmeysky and several workers' settlements. According to the All-Russian census of 2002, the population of the city is 1012.8 thousand people. Of these, 463.3 thousand men and 549.5 thousand women.
Volgograd has a significant industrial and cultural potential, twenty higher educational institutions, a planetarium with unique equipment, dozens of libraries.
Volgograd, due to its favorable transport and geographical position and high industrial potential, performs important strategic functions in the socio-economic development of the South of Russia. The presence in Volgograd of a powerful scientific base and higher educational institutions of various specializations creates conditions for large-scale restructuring industrial production and transformations of the urban economic complex on an advanced innovative basis.
Heraldry
Flag
The flag of the city - the hero of Volgograd is a rectangular panel of red color with a double-sided image in the center of the coat of arms of the city - the hero of Volgograd. The ratio of the width and length of the flag of the city - the hero of Volgograd should be 2:3. Red is the original color of the national flags of Russia, personifying courage, sovereignty, blood shed for the fatherland, strength, energy. The image of the coat of arms of the city - the hero of Volgograd on the flag symbolizes that the flag belongs to the city. The ratio of the areas of the coat of arms and the flag should be 1:7.
Coat of arms
According to the official version, Tsaritsyn was founded in 1589, but the city did not have its own coat of arms until the middle of the 19th century.
And the history of the coat of arms began like this. By order of Peter I, the Heraldmeister's Office or Heraldry was created in St. Petersburg. Her duties included the preparation and approval of coats of arms. On April 12, 1722, in accordance with the personal decree of Peter Alekseevich, Count Francis Santi, an Italian by birth, was appointed assistant to the king of arms and compiler of coats of arms. Since 1724, the King of Arms office begins to draw up city emblems in those cities that do not have them. From now on, the city coat of arms should be placed on the seals of city institutions and on the banners of regiments stationed in these cities. The creation of coats of arms was declared a matter of national importance. But the matter turned out to be laborious, it was necessary to collect information about the cities. For this purpose, questionnaires were sent to the cities, which contained questions about the time of the founding of the city, natural conditions, animal and flora and so on. At the end of the questionnaire, there was a request to send a drawing and description of the city coat of arms, if one already existed. The information obtained through this survey is now stored in the Russian state archive in St. Petersburg, but there is no information from Tsaritsyn there. The coat of arms of Tsaritsyn appears for the first time in the collection of coats of arms compiled by Santi, but its author is not known.
Initially, from 1729-1730. the emblem of the Tsaritsyn Dragoon Regiment was used as a coat of arms in Tsaritsyn. Tsaritsyn retained the status of a fortress, and the dragoon regiment was constantly in it for feeding. Two crossed silver sturgeons were placed on the emblem on a red field. But the emblem was not an officially approved coat of arms.
The coat of arms of Tsaritsyn itself was created in the middle of the 19th century. The first draft of the coat of arms was rejected. It looked like this: a French shield, divided into two equal parts by a horizontal line, in the upper part there is the coat of arms of the provincial Saratov (three sterlets on a blue field), and in the lower part on a red field a gold imperial crown. On top of the shield was crowned with the city crown. The imperial crown symbolized the name of the city in the project. But according to the rules of heraldry, it was not permissible for the city crown to be placed higher than the imperial one, and the project was rejected.
Tsaritsyn received his officially approved coat of arms only in 1854. On October 29, it was approved by Emperor Nicholas I, and on December 16, the coat of arms of the city was considered and finally approved in the Senate. Here is its description: a French shield, divided into two equal parts by a horizontal line, in the upper part there is the coat of arms of the provincial Saratov (three sterlets on a blue field), and in the lower part on a red field, two crossed silver sterlets. The coat of arms was crowned with a city crown, which corresponded to the status of a county town.
Subsequently, a retreat was made in the image of the coat of arms. Attributes appeared that corresponded to the status of a provincial city - a golden imperial crown and a wreath of oak leaves entwined with St. Andrew's ribbon. Perhaps this retreat is due to the fact that in the late XIX - early XX century Tsaritsyn became the largest commercial and industrial center in the south-east of Russia.
After 1917, the city coat of arms was not used. The issue of creating a new coat of arms arose again after Volgograd was awarded the title of Hero City in 1965. On January 10, 1966, the resolution of the executive committee of the Volgograd City Council of Workers' Deputies "On the coat of arms of the hero city of Volgograd" was adopted. was announced open competition projects. But no one took first place. It was very difficult to reflect the heroic deeds of Krasny Tsaritsyn and Stalingrad, as well as the creative work of the townspeople after the war, in the terms of the competition. Yes, and knowledge of the laws of heraldry was clearly not enough. Only after additional work groups of artists from the Art Fund - Evgeny Borisovich Obukhov, German Nikolaevich Lee, Alexei Grigorievich Brovko and Gennady Alexandrovich Khanov - the draft coat of arms was approved on March 4, 1968.
The emblem is described as follows: general form coat of arms of the city - the hero of Volgograd is traditionally heraldic. It is based on a shield of golden color, divided into two halves by a ribbon of the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad". The upper half of the emblem is a symbolic image of an impregnable fortress on the Volga. It is presented in the form of battlements of the fortress wall, painted in red. Red symbolizes courage, sovereignty, blood shed for the fatherland, strength, energy. Complements this medal "Gold Star", which was awarded to the city, depicted in golden color on a common red background. In the lower half of the coat of arms there is a golden gear, symbolizing the developed industry and the industry of the city, and a golden sheaf of wheat, a symbol of the abundance of the Volgograd land. The blue color throughout the field in this part of the coat of arms symbolizes the Volga. The width to height ratio should be 8:9. In this form, the coat of arms exists to this day.
Stalingrad is a hero city located on the great Russian river Volga. For some, he is a symbol of the resilience and selflessness of the Russian people.
Some associate this name with the name of I. V. Stalin - a rather ambiguous personality in the history of the country. In this article, we will tell you in detail what Stalingrad is called now, and how to find it on the map.
Founding history
Its story begins in 1589. The city occupied the island of Tsaritsyn, located at the confluence of the river of the same name into the Volga. Exactly river Tsaritsa this locality owes its first name - Tsaritsyn. He always had strategic importance in military conflicts and various troubles. At the time of foundation, the garrison of the fortress fought off nomadic raids on river caravans in the region of the Volgodonsk isthmus.
During the troubled XVII-XVIII centuries. The city was destroyed and burned several times. Time of Troubles became for him the period of the first serious tests. The city, which supported the false rulers, was burned by government troops. It was rebuilt in 1615 not on the island, but on the banks of the Volga.
During numerous uprisings and peasant wars of this period, Tsaritsyn was at the epicenter of events. The last significant clash of this time was the defense of the city from the detachments of Emelyan Pugachev. Tsaritsyn became the only settlement in the lower reaches of the Volga that did not submit to Pugachev. For courageous actions, the commandant of the fortress was awarded the rank of general.
From the second half of XVIII century, due to the significantly expanded borders, the city becomes a quiet and calm settlement.
The 19th century becomes a time of active expansion and development for Tsaritsyn. A school, a pharmacy and a coffee shop are opening. Appear industrial enterprises. In the second half of the century, the city becomes a major railway junction. The convenience of the position and the developed infrastructure make it possible to open large industrial enterprises in it: a metallurgical and gun plant, kerosene production.
The period of calm life and development was stopped by the tragic events of the early 20th century. During the Civil War Tsaritsyn became a stronghold of the Bolsheviks in the Volga region. He withstood 3 assaults by the Whites. In these events, I. V. Stalin, who at that time commanded the North Caucasian Military District, played an important role.
As a result of the fourth attempt, the settlement on a short time came under the control of the white army. In early 1920, Tsaritsyn finally became subordinate to the Red Army. These events caused a lot of grief to the inhabitants of the city, and significantly weakened its economy.
Following these tragic events, famine came to the settlement, claiming the lives of several million people. Foreign charitable organizations provided assistance to the townspeople, and a good harvest and the end of the Civil War in 1923 marked the beginning of a new upsurge of the brave city on the Volga.
In the Soviet state, there could not be a city with a name reminiscent of the country's tsarist past. It was decided to rename it. in honor of a man who distinguished himself in the defense of the city from the White Guard detachments. It is under this name that the settlement on the Volga will become a world famous place.
20-30 years became for Stalingrad a period of active development of industry and the social sphere. Already existing enterprises were restored and new ones were built: tractor and hardware plants, a shipyard. actively developed urban public transport, housing construction was carried out, education and medicine developed. Stalingrad grew and improved.
Trial by war
Peacetime, both for the city and for the whole country, ended in 1941. Enterprises of Stalingrad completely switched to the production of military products. Women and children stood behind the machines. And in July 1942, the war came directly to the Volga. On July 17, the bloody and heroic Battle of Stalingrad began., which claimed the lives of more than a million people - soldiers, women, children, the elderly.
During the air raids, most of the urban areas were destroyed. But the Stalingraders, living in dugouts and fleeing air strikes in basements, continued to build fortifications and go to work at the machines. For a long 200 days, Soviet troops and residents of Stalingrad held back the Nazi army. The steadfastness, courage, heroism and selflessness of the Soviet people made it possible not only to defend the city, but also to surround (November 1942), and then defeat (February 1943) the army of General Paulus.
The significance of this victory cannot be overestimated. At the cost of huge human sacrifices Soviet Union turned the tide of events in World War II. The plans of the Nazis were destroyed. Their allies changed their minds, and many of them began to look for ways out of hostilities.
And Stalingrad lay in ruins. About 35 thousand inhabitants survived, although before the war almost half a million people lived here. A huge number of dead bodies of people and animals on the streets threatened a new disaster - an epidemic. But the heroic city began to recover.
In a relatively surviving area - the village of Beketovka - city services were located, medical institutions were deployed, city transport began to work, and the most surviving buildings were repaired. But the war was not over yet, and the main resources were used to restore the defense industry.
Most of the Stalingrad factories resumed work already in 1943, and in 1944 already assembled tanks and tractors rolled off the assembly line.
The 50s became a period of another active construction in Stalingrad. The housing stock was actively restored and public buildings were built. New streets and squares appeared. And in 1952, the Volgodonsk Canal named after I.V. Stalin was opened. A lot of objects in the city were dedicated to the "Leader of the Peoples". But that was until 1953.
City after the debunking of the cult of personality
After Stalin's death, N. S. Khrushchev, who replaced him, began "debunking the cult of personality." Monuments to Stalin were demolished, the names of objects named after him were changed. This phenomenon could not ignore the glorious Volga city. In 1961, Stalingrad was renamed Volgograd..
Volgograd still actively developed and grew. In 1967, the memorial complex Mamaev Kurgan was built, supplemented in 1985 with the panorama "Battle of Stalingrad". In the 60-80s, new industrial enterprises, educational and cultural institutions were opened. A transport network was actively built: the Astrakhan bridge, Volgograd metro stations, highways connecting the city with neighboring settlements.
The post-Soviet life of Volgograd, like the whole country, began with a decline in all areas of industry and economy. Enterprises were closed, residential and public construction stopped, numerous scammers and dubious enterprises appeared.
With the beginning of the 2000s, life in Volgograd began to improve again. Frozen facilities were being completed, the transport network is developing and public institutions. But even in this peaceful time, Volgograd residents are tested for stamina and fortitude. The city has repeatedly become the object of terrorist attacks.
Modern disputes about the name of Volgograd
Now there are disputes about the need to return the historical name of the city - Stalingrad. This idea has both supporters and opponents. This idea appeared not in the Volgograd society, but in the circles of the capital's politicians. About 30% of Volgograd residents support the initiative to return the name Stalingrad to the city. They justify their position with the following arguments:
- renaming is a tribute to the feat of the people in the Battle of Stalingrad;
- this will help raise the level of patriotism among young people in the first place;
- it is under this name that the settlement is known all over the world;
- Stalingrad and Stalin are not the same thing;
- Volgograd needs to return its historical name.
Opponents of the idea of renaming point to the fact that the historical name of the city on the Volga is Tsaritsyn - the name given to it at the time of its foundation. They also note that the majority of the country's inhabitants still associate the name Stalingrad with the name of I.V. Stalin, whose role in the history of the country is ambiguous. Renaming will require huge funds that local authorities do not have.
There is also a third point of view. Many residents do not care in the city with what name to live. Volgograd residents want solutions to their pressing economic problems.
In the end, the local authorities went along and officially assigned the name Stalingrad to the city for the duration of the days, reminiscent of difficult trials and heroic events:
- February 2 - Day military glory;
- February 23 - Defender of the Fatherland Day;
- May 8 - Day of awarding the city the title of "hero city";
- May 9 - Victory Day;
- June 22 - Day of memory and sorrow;
- August 23 - Day of Remembrance for the victims of the bombing of Stalingrad;
- September 2 - Day of the end of the war;
- November 19 - Day of the beginning of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Stalingrad;
- December 9 - Heroes Day.
It doesn’t matter what the brave city on the Volga was called: Tsaritsyn in the era of the monarchy, Stalingrad in the era of formation Soviet power and the bloody World War or Volgograd in modern times. The only important thing is that this city has always been on guard for the peace of the country and bravely resisted all troubles and challenges.
Video
In this video you will learn little known historical facts about this famous city.
You can get acquainted with the history of Volgograd by watching this video.
This video will tell you about one of the most terrible and most famous periods in the life of Stalingrad.
You will learn about the world-famous Battle of Stalingrad from this video.
The second part of the video about the battles near Stalingrad.
This video tells about how Stalingrad was reborn after the Great Patriotic War.
Volgograd or Stalingrad? The controversy continues to this day.
To the question What is the name of the city of Stalingrad now? given by the author User deleted the best answer is The city, now called Volgograd, entered the history of World War II, the history of the USSR and Russia under the name Stalingrad.
After the war, the historical name was changed. Was the decision taken at the time to rename Stalingrad to Volgograd correct? Russians do not have an unequivocal opinion: 39% consider this decision to be wrong, and 31% - right. The latter point of view is most often shared by people under 35 (39%) and respondents with higher education(37%). The renaming of Stalingrad is considered wrong mainly by supporters of G. Zyuganov (60%), respondents over 50 years old (55%), as well as persons with incomplete secondary education (47%).
Periodically, a proposal is made to return the "historical" name to the city. Support this idea 20% of respondents. Basically, these are those who do not like the renaming of Stalingrad to Volgograd. Half of those who support the initiators of returning the old name to the city motivate their point of view by saying that "Stalingrad is the history of Russia", the memory of the war and those who died during the Battle of Stalingrad (11%): "for history: you need to remember the war" ; "this name has entered world history"; "Veterans of the war will be pleased, and the younger generation will remember how many lives have been given, so that there will never be a return to bloodshed."
For 4% of the respondents, Stalingrad is "the city of Stalin." By renaming, they would like to perpetuate the memory of their beloved leader: "Let Stalin remain for centuries"; "Stalin is historical figure; we, our generation, love him"; "Stalin's merits are undeniable."
For another 2% of respondents, Stalingrad is "the first name", "more familiar" ("we are already accustomed to these cities, to the old names"; "the first name is always somehow heard, better").
Opponents of renaming Volgograd to Stalingrad are almost twice as many as supporters (38%).
One-fifth of the respondents (18%) consider this undertaking senseless and expensive - it causes irritation: "one should not engage in nonsense"; "enough to make people laugh"; "nothing else to do?"; "an expensive undertaking for a poor country"; "the people's money is spent on all this"; "changing the name of a city all the time is indecent"; "tired of renaming".
For 8% of respondents, the return of the name Stalingrad to the city is unacceptable because of the negative attitude towards the leader: "Stalin does not deserve - he is a criminal of the highest brand"; "there was no greater criminal in relation to his people."
And 5% of respondents just like the name Volgograd. It seems to them familiar and appropriate, natural for a city on the Volga: "everyone is already accustomed to the name Volgograd"; "the city stands on the Volga and let it bear the name of this great river"; "Volgograd - sounds beautiful."
Only 1% of the respondents were against naming cities after politicians ("you can't rename cities in honor of leaders"; "there shouldn't be political names in the names of cities"). And another 1% of the respondents are convinced that cities should bear their original historical names, and if they are already planning to rename Volgograd again, then it is necessary - to Tsaritsyn ("I am for the original name of the city - that which was under the tsar"; "if you restore, then Tsaritsyn"; "the names should remain the same as they were assigned from birth").
It should be noted that every third Russian (33%) does not care what name the famous Volga hero city will bear.
Agree.
Answer from Yoidor Ivanenko[active]
Volgograd
Answer from V@mp[guru]
VOLOGROGRAD of course!
Answer from Anatoly[newbie]
Hit yourself at the wall untill you die! EGE student.
Answer from Georgy Telegin[newbie]
Volgograd
Answer from Daniil Ponomarev[newbie]
Volgograd for sure!
Answer from Elena Kolesnikova[newbie]
Volgograd I'm sure
Answer from Garik Avakyan[guru]
In 1925 Tsaritsyn was renamed Stalingrad. By this time, in terms of the number of inhabitants, the city occupied the nineteenth place among the cities of our state. The rapid growth of the population - from 85 thousand people in 1920 to. 112 thousand in 1925 and 140 thousand in 1927 served as a kind of impetus to the scope of housing construction.
In the housing construction of this period, searches were made for new forms of living, new structures, a new artistic image of modern housing.
By 1927, the restoration of the destroyed medical institutions and started building new ones. The network of schools and preschool institutions, houses of culture, clubs. During the same period, the Drama Theater was opened with a permanent theater studio. The best club named after Lenin in the city at that time was built for the workers of the Krasny Oktyabr plant.
Further rapid development of mountains was associated with the industrialization of the country.
In 1928, on the northern outskirts of Stalingrad, construction began on the country's first tractor plant. It was built in an unprecedentedly short time. Already on June 17, 1930, the first wheeled tractor rolled off the main conveyor of the STZ. In parallel with the construction of the tractor plant, the construction of a powerful regional power plant began. Became a state district power station.
The Krasny Oktyabr metallurgical plant has begun to produce new products - high-quality steel. In the 1930s, a shipyard appeared on the southern outskirts of the city.
The new hardware plant began to supply parts for the tractor factories of Stalingrad and Kharkov.
Forestry and woodworking enterprises were reconstructed and expanded, large factories of red and silicate bricks, canning, leather and soap factories, a meat processing plant, a soft drinks factory, bakeries, a furniture factory, knitwear factories and other light and food industries were built.
The city center has been transformed. The houses of loaders, canners, public utilities, pilots, the building of the regional executive committee, residential buildings on Lenin, Saratovskaya, Ostrovsky streets, as well as the buildings that form the Square of the Fallen Fighters, the Houses of the Red Army and the commune, the central department store, the Intourist hotel and others basically shaped the image pre-war Stalingrad. The central embankment was improved. The wooden warehouses were demolished, the slopes of the embankment were planned and landscaped.
On one of them there was a cafe "Metro". Already in 1935 - 1937. it was the best embankment among the cities of the Volga region.
Many plans were not destined to come true - the Great Patriotic War began.
From its first days, the city became one of the largest arsenals in the southeast of the country. Stalingrad factories produced and repaired tanks, artillery pieces, ships, mortars, machine guns and other weapons. A division of the people's militia and eight destruction battalions were formed. On October 23, 1941, the city defense committee was created, which played an important role in coordinating the actions of the military and civil authorities.
On a huge scale, the construction of defensive fortifications was carried out by units of the 5th sapper army and the workers of the city and region. More than 2,800 km of lines were built, 2,730 km of trenches and communication passages, 1,880 km of anti-tank obstacles, 85 thousand positions for fire weapons, 4 defensive bypasses (including urban).
In the shortest possible time, together with the military railway workers, the railway lines Stalingrad - Vladimirovka - Baskunchak and Astrakhan - Kizlyar were built, which subsequently played a significant role in supplying troops in the Stalingrad direction. In the spring of 1942, regular Nazi air raids on Stalingrad began, which were repelled by local forces. air defense. By the beginning of summer, the enemy had seized the strategic initiative in the southwestern direction.
Troops of Bryansk, South-Western and southern fronts, suffering heavy losses, retreated 150 - 400 kilometers. The balance of forces in this direction was in favor of the enemy. The failure of the Kharkov operation aggravated the situation at the front. prot
Answer from ALTON[guru]
Volgograd
Answer from Irina[guru]
and before there was Tsaritsin
Stalingrad is a famous hero city. A lot of domestic and foreign films have been shot about the battle of Stalingrad, a huge number of streets and quarters have been named. This article is devoted to this city and the history of its formation. modern name- Volgograd.
IN Soviet times it was often possible to find on the map of fifteen republics a city under the name of some outstanding personality: a commander, a politician, a commander in chief. Stalingrad was no exception.
Stalingrad - the origin of the name
In total, the city has had 3 names since its foundation. The city was founded in 1589 as Tsaritsyn (next to the river Tsaritsa). Then, in 1925, the city received its second name - Stalingrad, in honor of Stalin, who led the defense of the city from the army of Ataman Krasnov.
Stalingrad - modern name
In 1961, 8 years after Stalin's death, when the fervor of patriotism towards this person subsided, the city was renamed Volgograd. Back in the 18th century, the city was one of the main industrial cities of Russia, which it is to this day.
Disputes on the topic of renaming Volgograd back to Stalingrad are ongoing today. People who support the political left, mostly communists, socialists and many older people, believe that the renaming of the city is disrespectful to history and those people who fell in the battle of Stalingrad.
This issue was considered in the highest echelons, at the state level. In order to reach a consensus, the government decided to keep the name Stalingrad only on specific dates that are directly related to historical events cities.
Days when Volgograd is officially called Stalingrad:
- February 2. On this day, Soviet troops defeated the Nazis in the battle of Stalingrad.
- 9th May. National day of victory over Nazi Germany and its allies.
- 22nd of June. Day of memory and sorrow for those who died in World War II.
- 2 September. End of World War II.
- August 23. Day of Remembrance of the inhabitants of Stalingrad who died from the fascist bombardments.
- November 19th. On this day, the defeat of the Nazi army near Stalingrad began.
