1) textbooks from among those included in the Federal List of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs for elementary general, basic general, secondary general education;
2) textbooks issued by organizations included in the list of organizations producing textbooks that are allowed to be used in the implementation of state-accredited educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education.
School students “are provided free of charge for use during the period of education textbooks and teaching aids, as well as teaching materials means of education and upbringing” (Article 35 federal law about education).
“Provision of textbooks and teaching aids, as well as educational and methodological materials, means of training and education is carried out at the expense of the budgetary allocations of the federal budget, the budgets of the subjects Russian Federation and local budgets” (clause 2, article 35 of the Federal Law on Education).
But the use of textbooks and teaching aids by students mastering academic subjects, courses, disciplines (modules) outside the federal state educational standards, and (or) receiving paid educational services, according to paragraph 3 of the same article, is carried out in the manner established by the organization carrying out educational activities.
Educational organizations can also attract additional financial resources for the purchase of textbooks in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
However, the decision of the parent committee on the contribution of funds by parents as charitable assistance is advisory nature and is not mandatory, is accepted by the parent voluntarily, the amount of contributions is arbitrary, including for the purchase of a set of textbooks.
Orders of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 06.10.2009 No. 373 "On approval and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for Primary General Education" and dated December 17, 2010 No. literature and materials in all academic subjects of the main educational program of general education: at least one textbook in printed and (or) electronic form, sufficient for mastering the program of the subject for each student for each subject included in the mandatory part of the curriculum of the main educational program.
Every year, the issue of providing schoolchildren with workbooks becomes a headache for both parents and education authorities. The fact is that the provision of workbooks does not have an unambiguous interpretation.
Some believe that students should be provided with workbooks free of charge, because in accordance with "GOST 7.60-2003. Interstate standard. System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. Editions. Main types. Terms and Definitions" textbooks include teaching aid, teaching aid, workbook, tutorial, reader.
Others believe that the workbook is not a teaching aid, and, referring to SanPiN 2.4.7.1166-02, approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on 07.10. independent work the use of workbooks is desirable, but not mandatory, because in accordance with clause 9 of part 3 of article 28 of the Federal Law educational organization independently determines the list of textbooks and manuals necessary for the implementation of general education programs.
Thus the teacher may offer parents to purchase a workbook , since the use of workbooks helps to increase cognitive activity the child, the formation and development of his intellectual activity, is a good help for consolidating and repeating the material covered.
At the same time, teaching staff in the educational process can use various teaching methods that allow students to master the educational program even without the use of workbooks. Therefore, this proposal cannot be put forward as a mandatory requirement.
Similar positions are noted in judicial practice. Thus, in the decision of the Avtozavodsky District Court of Togliatti Samara region May 6, 2015, states:
"Workbooks on a printed basis are not included in the federal list of textbooks and cannot be ordered by an educational institution on subventions allocated from the region."
In accordance with SanPiN 2.4.7.1166-02 textbook-notebook, individual workbook, book for independent work of students, task book, notebook for creative tasks etc. belong to the educational publications of the new generation, and they should be classified as workshops. According to GOST 7.60-2003, a workshop is an educational publication containing practical tasks and exercises that contribute to the assimilation of what has been passed. Therefore, printed-based workbooks are an independent type. educational publications, which is not a required element educational process. The main and leading type of educational literature containing a systematic presentation academic discipline, is a tutorial. Workbooks on a printed basis are intended for individual (single) use, they cannot be used in school libraries multiple times on a return basis.
Along with this, printed workbooks can be purchased at parental expense for the personal use of students on a voluntary basis by the decision of the parents themselves. However, their use is not mandatory in the educational program of the school.
The decision to purchase workbooks on a printed basis (or photocopy them) can be made at a class parent meeting.
Federal Law No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 “On Education in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law) defines the procedure for education for children in need of long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations. According to Art. 41 of the Law for students mastering basic general education programs and in need of long-term treatment, educational organizations are created, including sanatoriums, in which the necessary medical, rehabilitation and recreational activities are carried out for such students. The education of such children, as well as children with disabilities who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations, can also be organized by educational organizations at home or in medical organizations. The basis for organizing training at home or in a medical organization is the conclusion of a medical organization and in writing appeal of parents (legal representatives).
The procedure for regulating and formalizing relations between state and municipal educational organization and parents (legal representatives) of students in need of long-term treatment, as well as children with disabilities in terms of organizing training in basic general education programs at home or in medical organizations is determined by the regulatory legal act authorized body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation.
Note. “Long-term care” refers to a stay in hospital for 21 days or more.
But what about schoolchildren who were sick for less than 21 days?
According to Art. 44 of the Law, parents are obliged to ensure that their children receive a general education.
In accordance with Art. 43 of the Law, students are required to conscientiously master educational program, fulfill an individual study plan, including attending prescribed curriculum or individual curriculum training sessions, exercise self-training to classes, to perform tasks given by pedagogical workers within the framework of the educational program.
According to lawyers, in this case, by default, it should be considered that students who missed classes, including those due to illness for less than 21 days, must fill in the gaps in their knowledge on their own, and the school can only conduct those classes that are provided for by the curriculum. Also, by default, a normative act can be adopted at the regional level, and at the level educational institution- a local act that ensures the organization of classes with such students.
Local acts of the school (Charter, Regulations on the organization of education of sick children, etc.) work with lagging students, with students who missed classes for good reasons, as a rule, can be provided if:
- it is included in the municipal task for the school and, thus, financial support is provided for this work;
- the school has extra-budgetary funds that it can use to pay teachers working with this category of students.
If neither the local acts of the school, nor the regional legislation provide for the possibility of teaching long-term ill children or those who have been ill for a short period, then it will be difficult for parents to make demands on the school.
In any case, parents should resolve these issues with the school administration, look for jointly acceptable options, for example, switch to education according to an individual curriculum, etc.
Note. Parents can get acquainted with local acts of the school on its website.
- The right of parents to protect the interests of the child
In accordance with the law, the rights and legitimate interests of children are protected by their parents. In order to exercise this right, which is equally an obligation, parents, when enrolling a child in school and during study, have the right to familiarize themselves with the charter on the basis of which the school operates and in which the main points of the relationship between the participants should be determined. educational process within the school. Parents have the right to get acquainted with all programs, textbooks and teaching aids, according to which their child is taught, and the school administration is obliged to provide all these documents for review.
- Admission exams
All children who have reached school age(6-7 years old) are admitted to the 1st grade of a public school without exams. The only exceptions are sports and art schools. Thus, public schools, in which future first-graders are examined and, based on the results of such an examination, refuse to accept a child into school, violate the law. Enrollment in the gymnasium (which, according to the new structure, is grades 5-9) cannot also be competitive, since all those who have completed primary school without exception must be enrolled in the gymnasium. And only enrollment in the lyceum (that is, according to new system 10 - 12 class) is carried out by competition.
It should be borne in mind that there is a difference between exams and testing. Testing, which should be carried out only after enrollment, aims to understand the level of development of the child, because in accordance with the law, teachers must approach the training of each child differently based on the determination of the psychophysiological characteristics, abilities and inclinations of the child.
- Duration of the academic year
The academic year is 35 weeks, which should be divided into approximately equal trimesters, separated by holidays.
- Additional subjects and alternative textbooks
Curricula and programs, textbooks and other teaching aids for public schools are approved by the Ministry of Education on the basis of a competition. Schools have the right, with parental consent, to use alternative textbooks, which, however, must be in full compliance with state educational standards.
As for additional subjects, their inclusion in the school curriculum is carried out only with the prior consent of the parents. At the same time, parents have the right to get acquainted with the methods of teaching the subject, attend lessons and get acquainted with the results of students' progress.
- Contributions
Although public education is officially free topical issue is the permanent material participation of parents in financing the needs of the school. Let's try to deal with the most common requests.
School renovation. Payment for the repair of the school, the purchase of any materials for the school fund (curtains, building materials, etc.) is an exclusively voluntary desire of the parents, that is, in the form of a voluntary donation. If you don't want to, no one has the right to force you to pay any of the school's expenses.
Buying a school uniform. Wearing a school uniform of a certain style and color is mandatory if it is provided for by the Charter of the school, with which parents have the right to familiarize themselves both before admission and during study. And even in this case, the school administration may only require the wearing of a uniform of a certain style and color (blue pleated skirt or red checkered, etc.), but not to impose a shop or a tailor from whom you must purchase it.
Additional lessons. According to the law, the school has the right to provide paid services for teaching additional subjects that are not available in school curriculum(choreography, rhythm, etc.), as well as for additional classes in compulsory subjects ( foreign language, mathematics, etc.). But! Additional classes can be held only at the request and with the consent of the parents, on the basis of a contract signed between the parents and the school administration. The amount of fees for such classes should be established at the beginning of each academic year and agreed with the authorities local government, the District Directorate of Education, as well as with the District Financial Directorate. Charging fees without meeting the above conditions is illegal.
Additional services. According to the law, the school has the right to organize paid excursions for children and after-school groups. However, the provision of such services must meet the same requirements as the organization of paid additional classes, that is, be exclusively voluntary, on the basis of a contract, at prices agreed with the relevant authorities.
privileged classes. IN Lately in some schools, parents are offered to send their child to a paid class or to a class with fewer students, where, therefore, the child will receive more attention. Such an offer is legal only if it is possible to send the child to a regular, free class, that is, the decision of the parents will be voluntary, not forced, with the signing of a contract and the collection of official prices. At the same time, I would like to draw the attention of parents to the fact that, in accordance with the law, the number of students in free classes should in any case be no more than 20 people.
Thus, if you are satisfied with something from the list paid services- you pay, if not - no. Likewise, a parent is always free to refuse, stating that he does not see fit to contribute to any of the school's expenses. If he is obliged to pay, then the actions of the administration are illegal.
- Participation in labor events
Quite often, schools hold activities to clean up the area around the school or in a nearby park, as well as other labor activities, the participation of children in which, allegedly, is mandatory. In this regard, I would like to note that, in accordance with our legislation and international conventions, compulsory labor is prohibited.
Moreover, the forced involvement of a child in labor in any form entails the responsibility of the perpetrators. Therefore, if you or your child do not agree to take part in cleaning, waste paper collection or other labor activities, the school administration has no right to force you.
The only exception is the case when these labor activities are included in the program of one of the subjects required for study at school (for example, industrial practice at an enterprise as part of the subject "Labor training"). At the same time, the subject program must contain a description of the labor activities in which the student will take part, and must be approved by the Ministry of Education.
Unfortunately, the current situation is such that the student is not perceived by many teachers as a person and as a citizen, whose rights and legitimate interests must be respected. In such a situation, the role of parents is extremely important, who must explain to the child his rights and teach him to protect them, and must also be ready at any time to fulfill their duty to protect his rights and legitimate interests.
The older generation remembers their school years like this: in the lessons we carefully listen to the teacher, we complete all the tasks; at breaks, we help the teachers on duty to keep running around in the corridors; after the lessons we put the class in order, water the flowers, wash the floor; we return home, and only after we conscientiously do our homework, we run with a clear conscience into the street.
Working days of the current student: who listens to the teacher, who does not, you can fool around; during breaks we run along the corridor or on the street, we will also visit the store; rustling packages of chips and chocolate, you can throw candy wrappers on the floor - someone will clean it up; wash the blackboard after class? - Catch me teacher! We must quickly run away so that they do not notice; in the dining room I am a consumer, why should I wipe the table? And at home you can do whatever you want, here no one will force you to do anything. Homework? - I’ll sleep with an excellent student tomorrow, now I’ll surf the Internet or go for a walk.
I didn't study at Soviet time So please forgive me if I didn't describe it well. It's just that films gave me such a bright idea about Soviet education and the behavior of students at school. And about the state of affairs in our time, I know firsthand.
Why has student behavior changed so much?
I think the problem is rooted in many reasons.
- Firstly, the state has changed and with it the values in education. Teachers of steel service personnel(education has become a service, and the teacher is essentially a servant), but I will not say anything about other school employees (not the teaching staff). They are not put on anything at all. The teacher must be interested in any way, he is also to blame for all the problems with the students - he must be able to cope with any children. The main goal of getting an education in school is not an end in itself (getting an education!), but passing the exam for a good score. But what about personal development?
- Secondly, together with the state laws have changed (about education, in particular). We'll talk about this a little lower.
- Thirdly, the most important reason lack of education . If the child is allowed to do everything at home, then at school he will also feel in charge and behave as he wants.
There can be many more reasons, I have described the main ones. If you want to add something, then write in the comments. Not only at school, but also at life examples many of us understand that a person has begun to study (and then download) his rights, but for some reason he completely forgets about his duties. And he should know them from the cradle, not that much from the school bench.
Rights and Responsibilities of Schoolchildren: Then and Now
Rights students are enshrined in the Constitution - this right to education, and free, from kindergarten to university. We can have as many higher educations as we like, but one is free. Although there is a reservation here - you have the right to get a profession once in your life (including higher education) for the second time at the expense of the state, if you contact the employment service. We can also refer to the rights of schoolchildren the right to a safe learning environment, free textbooks and manuals, free use of the library and other school equipment, free meals(under certain conditions) and further on the list of human rights in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Let's get to the responsibilities...
I will try to compare two extracts from the law "On Education" in Russia and in the USSR (the law "On Education in the USSR" of 1973 is taken).
What were the duties of students in the USSR:
- systematically and deeply acquire knowledge and practical skills , develop your abilities develop the ability to independently replenish knowledge and apply it in practice;
- participate in socially useful, productive work, self-service , to comply with the internal regulations of educational - educational institution(rules for students), be disciplined and organized, lead healthy lifestyle life, to raise their cultural level;
- protect and strengthen socialist own , protect nature and protect its wealth, strictly observe Soviet laws and respect the rules of socialist community life, and be intolerant of antisocial manifestations;
- improve health , study physical education to prepare oneself for the defense of the socialist Fatherland.
Let there be many obligations in relation to the state, but at the same time, how many demands on yourself - develop your personality, skills, knowledge, improve your health.
What now? (Article 43 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation")
1) in good faith to master the educational program, to fulfill an individual curriculum , including attending the training sessions provided for by the curriculum or individual curriculum, carrying out independent preparation for classes, performing tasks given by pedagogical workers as part of the educational program;
2) fulfill the requirements of the charter of the organization carrying out educational activities, internal regulations, rules for living in dormitories and boarding schools and other local regulations on the organization and implementation of educational activities;
3) take care of maintaining and strengthening your health to strive for moral, spiritual and physical development and self-improvement;
4) respect the honor and dignity of other students and employees of the organization carrying out educational activities, not to create obstacles for other students to receive education;
5) take care of company property carrying out educational activities.
If we compare, then in principle the same obligations for the development of one's personality, compliance with the charter of the school, etc., remain in the new law. But one important point is missing - participation in socially useful work and self-service .
Why do I pay such attention to this point?
I described at the very beginning of the article the day of a modern schoolchild. Only the most sympathetic children respond to the request to wash the blackboard after the lesson. The rest, either to the extent of the workload of the school day or the lack of education, immediately run away after the lesson. I generally keep quiet about help at the end of the day. At our school, the cleaner only washed the floors. But other? Who is left with this job? That's right, teacher. But he has so many worries, so he also needs to clean up the classroom?
With my article, I want to convince respected parents to educate diligence in their children. Just clean up after yourself after eating, litter - clean it up, work out with books - put it back in place. This will help you keep the house in order and the school. Once a quarter, decide not to do a general cleaning in the classroom. Help organize this ungrateful, but necessary for health business.
And on this pathetic note, I'll tell you
What is a child not required to do in school?
Why am I placing this section at the very end of the article? Because it is designed for conscience. If you want, do it, if you want, don't. You are not required to:
- Carry out any job duties
(according to Article 34, paragraph 4 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation") without the consent of the parents (legal representatives).
Those. in fact, they cannot force a child to wash the board, sweep the floor, etc. Now everyone is allowed to throw candy wrappers, airplanes, seed peels. But other children then enjoy learning in such a room?
In Kamchatka, at one time, even a scandal was fanned about this. The school principal required all students to participate in cleaning the classroom and the school. The authorities considered it illegal (according to the above paragraph in the law on education) and that's it. - go to different school activities
(except for those in the curriculum).
They are required to go to lessons, but not to concerts, matinees, rallies. - Let me tell you more about the summer school practice.
This is also labor coercion. Making all schoolchildren walk - does it make sense? There are 1500 students in my school. The conscientious guys decide to pass in June in order to go somewhere else for the rest of the time, and they come to the school in droves. But for such a large number of there are not so many children of work! So it turns out that in June there is no work, and in July and August there are no workers.
I repeat once again that no one has the right to force a child to undergo summer practice. The school is cunning and calls it "help to the school", "beautification of the school", etc. I'm not saying that help is not needed, it is still needed. But you need to make it more feasible for the child (and not for 20 hours!). He came for a day, helped where he could, and you go home satisfied. Which I suggest you think about, dear parents.
The school gives us free education, and we can help her with landscaping, minor repairs, . All the same, the children study there, we do everything only for the comfort of our children.
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The onset of the new academic year again raises questions about the relationship of the school with students and parents. What does a school owe a child and what does not? How does it affect the upbringing of the child and should it influence? These are the questions we asked our experts. Remarkably, one of them is a real schoolboy.
How does school influence the formation of personality?Seva Zhidkov,
student, bot developer at Mail.ru Group
The personality of a teenager is really formed at school, but not curriculum and lessons of family values, and peers surrounding the student. Classmates influence an ordinary student much more than teachers, so his future depends on the team. In the progressive class, the child is not afraid to talk about their views and preferences, including sexual orientation. In other classes, he can be squeezed into himself, and he simply will not be able to self-determine for the rest of his life.
Love Dukhanina,
Chairman of the Commission on Education and Science of the Public Chamber; President of the educational holding Naslednik
Age-related psychology says that in the preschool period, parents are the unconditional authority. IN primary school this authority gradually passes to the teacher. Everyone who has children of school age is familiar with the situation when parents try to help the child to homework, and he worries because mom or dad does not solve the problem in the way that the teacher advised. The teacher becomes a model, he sets the rules and boundaries. That is why the personality of the teacher is so important. It determines not only the color of the pen with which you need to cross out the fields, or the way to multiply in a column. Day after day, working with the class, the teacher instills the rules of communication, the way of resolving conflicts, overcoming difficulties, the method of cognition. The child gradually enters a full-fledged school community, learns to receive knowledge from different teachers with different styles of work, learns to respect these differences and build interaction with the school community. And on what way the school has developed, it largely depends on what kind of person a person will come out of it. That is why we always devote discussion school education so much attention.
Does the school have an obligation to form moral values in children?
Seva Zhidkov
The child must develop moral values for himself. The school provides a large layer of knowledge in history, law and other sciences that allow a teenager to make a decision on his own, to form his views. Forcibly trying to shove something is ineffective - teachers are now not an authority for schoolchildren.
Love Dukhanina
It is hard to imagine that someday the school will cease to influence the younger generation, and will remain only a translator of knowledge. This is evidenced by the gradual change in educational standards - there are requirements for results. educational work, the necessary legal conditions are specified. Values are passed on in the community. And the school is a living and dynamic community in which the child gradually grows up and tries his hand. Therefore, there is both duty and responsibility, and they are colossal. At the same time, in terms of education, the cooperation of the school with parents is very important, since education is a common work.
Should the school have rules about the appearance of students?
Seva Zhidkov
No, and there are several reasons for this. Firstly, the uniform, which was created, among other things, to eliminate social differences between students, is now used as a way to show one's coolness: denying it is considered an act against the authorities, which is why students who do not care about disciplinary sanctions are so approved. This creates an unhealthy atmosphere in the classroom: “Why does his parents care and let him not wear a uniform, but I can’t?” Secondly, the ability to dress beautifully every day is also a quality that would be good to learn at school. It happens that a graduate from the province enters a metropolitan university and continues to walk in a suit, because he does not know how to do it any other way. And, thirdly, comfortable clothes allow you to concentrate on your studies. Many students have problems with the fact that the shoes they require school uniform, rubs the legs or interferes with free movement. It would seem that this is a relic of the past, but all this remains today.
Love Dukhanina
Rules should first of all be connected with tidy appearance, comfortable, non-distracting clothing that creates a sense of unity. Now schools have the right to introduce requirements for students' clothing, for its general appearance, color, style, insignia and wearing rules. Requirements are developed jointly with students and their parents. This makes it possible to take into account and express the uniqueness of each educational organization, creates the practice of joint decision-making.
Should teachers monitor what students are doing? after hours?
Seva Zhidkov
Teachers can unobtrusively look at what their students are doing: this allows them to better understand the interests of teenagers, to personally approach the progress of each child, etc. However, it is absolutely unacceptable to exceed the powers and condemn the child directly, not through the parents. Enforcement of some kind of sanctions for obscene language on the Internet or smoking outside of school should be the prerogative of his guardians.
Love Dukhanina
One way or another, teachers always have an idea of what students are doing outside the classroom. Many guys themselves are happy to share their emotions, impressions and experiences. All international studies show that it is important for students to communicate with the teacher not only in the subject. The more the teacher knows about the child, the better he can take into account his characteristics, interests, guide and, if necessary, help. This does not mean surveillance or violation of personal boundaries. The key here is trusting, warm communication. When difficult situations arise, a teacher who knows the student not only from the lessons is more likely to be able to provide the necessary support.
Seva Zhidkov
The school should advise parents on the current situation in general, state the problems of schoolchildren, but not impose its own solution. Recommendations should be made by competent people, perhaps centrally, so that parents can learn about their problems.
Love Dukhanina
In matters of education, the joint work of the school and the family is extremely important. Relatives and close people give the child one experience, school - another. They should not contradict, but complement each other. You can't force anything. Often parents themselves seek the support of teachers in difficult issues of education. And vice versa - in situations where the attention of parents is required, the school gives the appropriate signal. The most important thing here is to proceed from the interests of the child.
