Profession defectologist where to study. Higher special defectological education. Undergraduate. ✔ You can choose a convenient learning format

Applicants are offered a wide range of areas of study. One of the specialties that can be seen in some universities, academies and institutes is "Special (defectological) education". People who have studied in this direction are considered unique and sought-after specialists in modern world. Which universities offer this Who do graduates who have mastered the educational program and received diplomas work for?

Defectological education: the essence of the direction

Children and adults with handicapped need expert help. It is provided by trained teachers-defectologists. This profession is received by people after completing their studies at universities in the direction of "Defectological education".

During their studies, each student studies many disciplines. These include "Pedagogy", and "Psychology", and "Medico-biological foundations of defectology", and "Clinic of intellectual disorders", etc. As a result of mastering the program, a person can engage in correctional-pedagogical and consultative-diagnostic activities :

correct developmental disorders;
develop individual educational and correctional programs;
study the features of psychophysical development and the needs of persons with disabilities;
provide advice to people with disabilities and their families.

Profiles of special (defectological) education

Entering the direction "Defectology education", applicants, as a rule, make a choice between profiles. Their number depends on the university. For example, applicants for undergraduate studies may be offered the following profiles:

"Special Psychology";
"Speech therapy";
"Pedagogical and psychological support for children with disabilities";
"Oligophrenopedagogy".

To obtain deeper knowledge in many universities in the direction of "Defectological (special) education" a master's program has been created. The training programs are as follows:

"Inclusive education";
"Pedagogical and psychological support for persons with disabilities";
"Speech therapy (education of persons with speech impairment)";
"Innovative technologies in defectological education".

The relevance of the specialty in the modern world

Universities, academies and institutes with the specialty "Defectology Education" invite students to study. Members of admissions committees, teachers talk about its relevance, because at present there is a rather acute problem of educating children with disabilities. About 9-11% of persons from among the children's population need the help of teachers-defectologists. Some adults also need help.

People who have studied in the direction of "Defectological special education”, are engaged in the development, education and training of children with various developmental problems related to both the psychological and physical spheres. The areas of work of specialists are aimed at people with acquired and congenital visual impairment, hearing impairment, pathologies, intellectual decline, psychoneurotic reactions.

The presence of the necessary personal qualities

The direction of training "Defectological education" is interesting, but it is not suitable for all people. When choosing this specialty, it should be borne in mind that a defectologist must have certain personal qualities. This specialist must be:

proactive;
energetic;
benevolent;
tactful;
confident in the successful results of their activities, the applied correctional program.

The future specialist should be optimistic. Optimism among already working people is manifested in a socially active attitude towards a subject with limited opportunities, towards a society in which pupils will be included, towards oneself.

Getting an education at RNU

In almost every city there is a university in which there is a direction "Defectology education". There are several of them in Moscow. One of the educational institutions - Russian new university(RNU). It is an autonomous non-profit educational organization that has existed since 1991.

"Defectological education" at the university also offers pedagogy. Upon admission, each applicant is given the opportunity to choose the most convenient form of study for himself. Daytime classes are held 5 days a week. Couples start at the university at 9 o'clock. In the correspondence form, students independently master the educational program. Classes at the university are held 2 times a year during sessions, the duration of which is about 20 days.

Education at MPSU

Among the universities that train defectologists, one can also cite the Moscow Psychological and Social University (MPSU) as an example. This educational organization is also an autonomous non-profit institution. The university has been operating since 1995.

The Moscow Psychological and Social University, formerly called the Institute, implements a huge number of modern educational programs. Among them there is a “Defectological education” for undergraduate studies. Full-time, part-time and extramural forms of education are offered. Master's programs for this direction are not provided at the university.

The future of graduates

People who have studied in the direction of "Defectological (special) education" in universities and received diplomas can work in various organizations:

V educational institutions all types and levels;
in special (correctional) preschool, school and medical institutions;
in centers for the provision of psychological, medical, pedagogical and social assistance population;
in institutions of social protection;
in charities and public organizations working with people with disabilities.

Graduates have a tough job ahead of them. When working with a specific person, they will need to provide assistance not only to him, but also to his relatives. Let's take an example. So, the teacher-defectologist deals with the child in accordance with the developed correctional program. Both he and his parents and close relatives need qualified assistance, because the family plays an important role in the process of correctional and pedagogical influence. The essence of helping parents is advising on the development, education, socialization and integration of the child into society. Thus, the work will be difficult, but at the same time interesting, therefore the specialty "Defectological (special) education" deserves attention.

Sometimes deviations in physical or intellectual development are so strong that a person needs help for successful education and socialization. This is what defectologists do. Specialization depends on the deviation of the defectologist: intellectual, sensory (vision, hearing), musculoskeletal disorders. But regardless of the profile, graduates should be able to diagnose to identify the degree of violation and develop educational and correctional programs, carry out rehabilitation and promote the social adaptation of wards, monitor the effectiveness of programs and, if necessary, make adjustments to them, advise wards and their families on educational issues and further self-realization, to form among others a tolerant attitude towards persons with disabilities. The defectologist, in fact, is the main mediator between the disabled person and the outside world, promotes his most successful integration, forms and maintains a positive self-esteem and confidence in own forces. *

* Kit academic disciplines and learning bias

There are a huge number of professions in the world aimed at helping people who inspire respect and a feeling of deep gratitude: medical and social sphere, teachers, rescuers, etc. However, none of them can be compared in complexity and importance with the defectologist profession, whose representatives work with a special category of people - with abnormal children.

There are a huge number of professions in the world aimed at helping people who inspire respect and a feeling of deep gratitude: medical and social workers, teachers, rescuers, etc. However, none of them can compare in complexity and importance with defectologist profession, whose representatives work with a special category of people - with abnormal children.

It should be noted that the profession of a defectologist is unique in its own way, since it is at the junction of several sciences at once: medicine, pedagogy, psychology, sociology, etc. It is these specialists who help children with mental disabilities to socialize in society and give them a chance for a happy and fulfilling life in the future. And there is nothing surprising in the fact that increased demands are made on those who dream of devoting their lives to this necessary and certainly noble cause. After all, defectologists should not only understand that the fate of children with a difficult fate depends on the quality of their work, but also be prepared for the difficulties that this profession is fraught with. What are these difficulties? And this is what we will try to tell in the framework of this article.

Who is a defectologist?

A highly qualified specialist who knows the methods and methods of adaptation, education and upbringing of children with mental and / or physical disabilities. Defectologists are usually divided into two groups: those who study, teach and educate abnormal children, and those who specialize in correctional pedagogy.

The name of the profession comes from the Latin defectus (lack) and the Greek λόγος (teaching). In other words, at its core, a defectologist studies shortcomings (origin, patterns and features) and develops methods for their correction. Defectology cannot boast of a centuries-old history, since for a long time children with disabilities were either destroyed or left alone with their problems.

And only at the beginning of the 20th century, as a result of the active development of medicine, experts realized that deviations in mental and physical development are not yet a sentence. Such children can and should be treated. Huge contribution such doctors and scientists as Philippe Pinel, Jean Itard, Ekaterina Gracheva, Lev Vygotsky, Louis Braille and many others contributed to the development of defectology.

Over the years defectology has undergone significant changes from theoretical science, which studies the features of the development of abnormal children, it has grown into a practical teaching aimed at the development and implementation of effective methods correction of congenital or acquired defects. In parallel with this, the profession of a defectologist was divided into several narrow specializations, each of which deals with a certain area:

defectologist-speech therapist - studies and tries to correct speech disorders and defects;
defectologist-deaf teacher - is engaged in the education and upbringing of children with hearing impairments;
defectologist-typhlopedagogue - specializes in the upbringing and education of children with visual impairments;
defectologist-deaf-tiflopedagogue - works with deaf-blind-mute children;
defectologist-ambliologist - is a specialist in the field of adaptation and social rehabilitation of visually impaired and blind children;
defectologist-oligophrenopedagogue - is engaged in training, education and social rehabilitation of mentally retarded children.

Regardless of the line of business defectologist's duties include: examination of the child, identification of violations, clarification of the circumstances of the occurrence and development of violations, the appointment and conduct of remedial classes, activities aimed at the adaptation of abnormal children in society, the development of rehabilitation programs, the implementation of measures to prevent individual violations, research activities, consulting services and etc.

What personal qualities should a defectologist have?

Despite the fact that a defectologist can work with both children and adults, the main focus of the specialist's activity is still aimed at correcting the development, educating and training the younger generation, which requires a special approach. Therefore, such a specialist should, first of all, be distinguished by a propensity to work with children, patience and observation. In addition, to perform well work for a defectologist It helps to have such personal qualities as:

And most importantly, the defectologist must see in children who do not fit into the generally accepted framework, a full-fledged personality. From the professional knowledge and skills necessary for a specialist to perform his work, extensive knowledge in the field of biology, psychology, special and age-specific pedagogy, vocational guidance, sociology and jurisprudence deserve special attention. In addition, the defectologist must regularly monitor innovations and discoveries in his field, attend courses and master classes to improve his skills and strive for professional self-improvement.

Advantages of the defectologist profession

It is not difficult to guess that the main advantage of the defectologist profession one can safely name the opportunity to help problem children, for whom this specialist is almost the only chance for a full and positive life full of positive events.

If we talk about more "earthly" advantages, then first of all it is necessary to note the demand for defectologists, who can easily get a job in their specialty both in medical institutions and psychological centers, and in preschool and school educational organizations. At the same time, a defectologist can combine the work of a full-time employee with the provision of professional services in a private manner. Naturally, this allows the specialist to receive quite a decent total income.

Taking into account the fact that the profession of a defectologist is very rarely received, and even more so professional activity, "random" people, it can also be argued that the work gives the specialist pleasure. Moreover, he sees the result of his work with his own eyes.

Disadvantages of the defectologist profession

Working with children, especially with such as abnormal children, is characterized by increased psycho-emotional stress, which can cause chronic fatigue and depression in a specialist. Every day to see the suffering of children (and many children understand that they are different from their peers, and suffer from this) is very difficult, and only true enthusiasts of their work can withstand such stress.

Another significant disadvantage of the defectologist profession is the meager official salary of a specialist working in public institutions. Unfortunately, judging by the size of the salary (and it is about 15-20 thousand rubles), the state shows its respect and interest in the work of a defectologist only in words that, as you know, "you will not be fed." Therefore, young professionals, before the emergence of private clientele, should not count on solid incomes.

No matter how talented a defectologist is, the result of his work largely depends on the desire of parents to help their child. After all, a specialist cannot deal with a baby throughout the day, so the bulk of the classes fall on the shoulders of the child’s relatives and friends. And if the parents do not diligently follow all the recommendations of the defectologist, then all the efforts of the specialist may be useless.

Where can you get a defectologist profession?

As we mentioned above, defectology "stands" at the junction of many sciences. However, the predominant direction is still pedagogy. Therefore, if you feel a calling in yourself and want get a profession of defectologist, then you will have to turn your attention to pedagogical universities, on the basis of which the Department of Defectology works. It should be noted that in the process of learning, students have to not only learn the basics of pedagogy and the features of working with handicapped people, but also learn to provide the first necessary psychological and medical assistance in emergency situations. In other words, you will receive a pedagogical education with a medical bias.

Many people are interested in whether it is possible to get a special defectological education in specialized courses (that is, in an accelerated version), provided that the future specialist already has a diploma in pedagogical or medical education. No you can not. You still have to enter a pedagogical university at the department of defectology. True, the training period in this case will not be the traditional 5 years, but only 2-3 years.

And of course, when choosing educational institution best to prioritize leading pedagogical universities of Russia, which include.

Applications are being accepted for part-time (classical), part-time weekends, distance learning

Start of classes: April 2020

The Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis is training specialists to work with different categories of children with deviations in psychophysical development: with speech, intellect, hearing, vision, musculoskeletal disorders, mental development with behavioral deviations.

Defectologists are engaged in the education and upbringing of children with developmental disabilities. In their work, these specialists use various means and methods aimed at correcting and compensating for mental and physical developmental deficiencies.

Future defectologists, in addition to pedagogical disciplines that reveal the methodology of working with different categories of people with developmental disabilities, study a number of medical items, psychology and pathopsychology, general and special pedagogy. All these specialists are not doctors, although defectology is at the intersection of medicine and pedagogy.

✔ The Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis trains bachelors in the following areas:

✔ Admission conditions:

For high school graduates high score The exam is offered free of charge.

After school- passing scores USE results: Russian language - 36, biology - 36, social science - 42
After College- written testing in the Russian language, biology and social science
After college
For foreign citizens - checking basic knowledge of the Russian language, biology and social science

✔ You can choose a convenient learning format:

Full-time- The usual form of classes for graduates of schools and colleges. Classes are held in a modern educational campus, a 5-minute walk from Kutuzovskaya metro station
Duration of study - 4 years
Part-time (evening) form- Suitable for those who combine work and study: flexible schedule of full-time and online classes, productive communication with fellow students.
Study period - 5 years
Correspondence (weekend / remote) form- Suitable for those who do not have the opportunity to attend face-to-face classes (parental leave, living in another city / country): own pace of learning through a convenient Personal Area regardless geographical location student.
Study period - 5 years

The term of study on the basis of a specialized secondary education (college) or on the basis of an existing higher education - from 3.5 years.

✔ Regardless of the form and duration of study, graduates receive:

State Diploma
Necessary skills for a quick and successful career start
Opportunity to continue education in master's programs, as well as in programs additional education

✔ How to proceed:

Apply for admission.
Submit to admission committee a document on the available education and other necessary documents.
Pass internal entrance examinations or provide a certificate of passing the exam.
Pay for tuition.
Wait for the enrollment order, get the documents and student ID.

A defectologist is a specialist who works with children with mental or physical disabilities. A person of this profession has knowledge of methods for adapting children to environment engaged in their education and upbringing.

Areas of work of a defectologist

The defectologist works with problem children, studies their shortcomings, educates, helps to adapt to the surrounding conditions. The task of the defectologist is to identify developmental anomalies, including their origin, patterns and features, and on the basis of the information received, correction methods are developed.

The profession of "defectologist" requires knowledge in many areas: psychology, neurology, pedagogy, etc. A specialist in this profile diagnoses the abilities and level of development of the child. The result of the work of a defectologist is the socialization and familiarization of children with developmental disabilities with the outside world. Along with this, a specialist in this profile conducts conversations with parents, assisting them in the upbringing and understanding of their child.

Thus, the duties of a defectologist are:

organizing and conducting educational and correctional work with children with developmental disabilities;

examination of children in order to determine the severity of the existing defect;

group and individual lessons in order to restore impaired functions;

counseling parents on the use of methods and techniques for helping problem children;

records management.

A defectologist is a socially significant specialty that requires deep professional knowledge and a desire to help children.

Requirements for a defectologist

Among the professional requirements for a defectologist, the following can be distinguished:

higher vocational education;

work experience in the specialty;

knowledge of age and special pedagogy and psychology, anatomical, physiological and clinical defectology;

knowledge of methods and techniques for preventing and correcting developmental deviations;

striving for professional growth and acquaintance with latest discoveries in their field (attending advanced training courses, master classes, seminars, conferences, reading professional literature, etc.).

Not everyone is able to work as a defectologist. In the presence of a diploma and professional knowledge, a specialist requires work experience and the possession of certain qualities of character.

A defectologist is a specialist in working with children with psychological or physical developmental disabilities. This profession is complex, requiring deep knowledge and certain personal qualities from the employee. To work as a defectologist, you need to get higher education. The duties of a specialist in this profile include examining children, identifying shortcomings, finding the cause of the onset of the disease, helping to adapt to the outside world, etc.

What education does a defectologist need

It is possible to get the education of a defectologist in pedagogical universities(specialty code 44.03.03). In the process of learning, the student learns the basics of pedagogy, ways of providing psychological and medical care etc. Therefore, it can be argued that the defectologist has teacher education with a medical background.

The profession of a defectologist is divided into several narrow specialties, such as:

teacher of the deaf (works with children with hearing impairments);

typhlopedagogue (works with children with visual impairments);

deaf-blind teacher (works with deaf-blind-mute children);

oligophrenopedagogue (works with mentally retarded children);

speech pathologist-defectologist (works with children with speech disorders and defects), etc.

Personal qualities of a defectologist

To work with abnormal children and perform professional duties, a defectologist must have certain personal qualities, which include:

patience, balance, stress resistance;

responsibility;

ability to work with difficult children;

love for children and their profession;

sociability.

When working with a child, a defectologist must see a full-fledged personality in his pupil, show interest in everyone, observe, identify the causes of deviations, try to provide assistance, prevent possible undesirable consequences, etc.

Finding a job as a defectologist (career growth)

In Russia, the work of a defectologist is in demand and highly paid. This is due to the fact that many modern children have problems adapting to environmental conditions (changes), cannot build communication with peers, have problems with speech and learning material, physical disabilities, etc. A specialist can provide private services, work in public boarding schools, correctional and rehabilitation centers, kindergartens and preschool educational institutions, etc.

Defectologist salary

The salary of a defectologist in Russia depends on the region of residence and place of work. So in state institutions, the salary of a specialist in this profile can be 15-20 thousand rubles, in Moscow and St. Petersburg - 35-60 thousand rubles. Work in private institutions (including the provision of private professional services) is paid more. An employee can receive up to 80 thousand rubles per month. and above (depending on job responsibilities).