Each soldier is assigned a personal military rank. Military ranks provide clarity and clarity in the relationship and subordination of military personnel, that is, they provide relations of power and subordination, allow you to express seniority, merit and official position of a soldier. Purpose military rank It also consists in the fact that, in the absence of relations of subordination and seniority in position, to resolve issues of subordination both in everyday life and in a combat situation.
The subordination of military personnel by military rank serves an important tool maintaining and strengthening military discipline, organization and order. Military ranks also have a significant impact on the conditions and procedure for the service of various categories of military personnel, on the scope of their service and personal rights.
In the Armed Forces Russian Federation, other troops, military units and bodies, issues related to the procedure and conditions for the assignment and deprivation of military ranks are regulated by Art. 46 - 48 federal law"On military duty and military service" and the Regulations on the procedure for military service. The seniority of military ranks and compositions of military personnel is determined by the sequence of their listing in Art. 46 of the said Law (see table 2).
table 2
| Compositions of military personnel | Military ranks | |
| military | shipborne | |
| Soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen | private corporal junior sergeant sergeant senior sergeant foreman | sailor senior sailor foreman 2 articles foreman 1 article chief foreman chief ship foreman |
| Ensigns, midshipmen | ensign senior ensign | midshipman senior midshipman |
| Officers: | ||
| junior officers | junior lieutenant lieutenant senior lieutenant captain | junior lieutenant lieutenant senior lieutenant lieutenant commander |
| senior officers | major lieutenant colonel colonel | captain 3rd rank captain 2nd rank captain 1st rank |
| senior officers | Major General Lieutenant General Colonel General General of the Army | Rear Admiral Vice Admiral Admiral Admiral of the Fleet |
| Marshal of the Russian Federation |
Military and naval military ranks corresponding to each other are considered equal. Military ranks are assigned to military personnel personally.
When conferring military ranks, the following conditions must be met.
First, the occupation by a soldier of a military position (position), for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to a soldier.
Secondly, an obligatory condition for conferring the next military rank is the length of service of the established period in the previous military rank. Ahead of schedule, the next military rank is assigned only for special personal merits. At the same time, the terms of military service in military ranks have been significantly reduced compared to those previously established, which, due to a significant reduction in the military organization of the state, can lead to a disproportion in the composition of military personnel (quick achievement of a military rank corresponding to the primary military positions - captain, further waiting vacant position and, as a result, being in the military rank beyond the established terms).
Correspondence of the military rank to the position held is a legal and factual condition that creates the possibility of changing the military service attitude when conferring a military rank. Long service in the military rank was previously also a legal and factual condition.
According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the correspondence of the military rank to the position held continues to be a legal and factual condition, and the length of service in the military rank began to play the role not of a condition, but of a legal fact with which the assignment of a military rank is associated, since, unlike the previously existing order, at the present time in the specified there are no intermediate links in the process (certification, decision making, etc.). Consequently, subject to the above circumstances, military personnel have the subjective right to confer military ranks on them.
The first military ranks are:
a) for the "officers" - junior lieutenant, lieutenant;
b) for the composition of "ensigns and midshipmen" - ensign, midshipman;
c) for the composition "soldiers, sailors, sergeants, foremen" - private, sailor.
The military rank of lieutenant is awarded to:
a) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, or a serviceman who has the military rank of junior lieutenant, regardless of the period of military service in this military rank, who graduated from a higher or secondary military educational institution, - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;
b) a citizen who graduated from a federal state educational institution of higher vocational education and who completed the military training program at a military training center while educational institution, - on the day following the day of issuing the order on graduation from the specified educational institution;
c) a citizen who has successfully completed training under the reserve officer training program for military department at a state, municipal or state-accredited non-state educational institution of higher professional education in the relevant areas of training (specialties), - upon graduation from the said educational institution;
d) to a citizen (serviceman) who does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a higher professional education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered the military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military job title;
e) to a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, who is doing military service under a contract, who has a higher professional education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who is appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;
f) to a citizen who is in the reserve, who does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a higher professional education - at the end of military training and after passing the relevant tests;
g) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer who is serving under a contract in the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Security Service or the Special Objects Service under the President of the Russian Federation - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies, upon completion of training under the training program as part of study group or at the same time as entering military service, subject to subsequent training during the first year of service.
The military rank of junior lieutenant is awarded to:
a) a serviceman who has completed courses for the training of junior officers, who has a secondary (complete) general education, - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;
b) to a citizen (serviceman) who does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a secondary vocational education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered the military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military job title;
c) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, who is doing military service under a contract, who has a secondary vocational education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who is appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of an officer - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;
d) to a citizen who is in the reserve, who does not have the military rank of an officer, who has a secondary vocational education - upon completion of military training and after passing the relevant tests;
e) to a serviceman who does not have the military rank of an officer, who is doing military service under a contract in the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Security Service or the Special Objects Service under the President of the Russian Federation - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies, upon completion of training under the training program as part of training group or at the same time as entering the military service, subject to subsequent training during the first year of service.
The military rank of warrant officer (midshipman) is assigned to:
a) to a serviceman who has graduated from a military educational institution that trains military personnel in the military registration specialties of ensigns (warrant officers), who has a secondary (complete) general education - upon graduation from the specified educational institution;
b) a citizen (serviceman) who does not have the military rank of warrant officer (warrant officer), who has a higher or secondary vocational education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who entered military service under a contract for a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of warrant officer (warrant officer) ), - upon appointment to an appropriate military position;
c) a serviceman who does not have the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), who is doing military service under a contract, who has a higher or secondary vocational education related to the corresponding military specialty, and who has been appointed to a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of warrant officer (midshipman), - upon appointment to the corresponding military position;
d) to a serviceman who does not have the military rank of ensign (midshipman), who is serving under a contract in the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service, the Russian Federal Security Service, the Russian Federal Security Service or the Special Objects Service under the President of the Russian Federation - in the manner determined by the heads of these bodies, upon completion of training under the program training as part of a study group or at the same time as entering military service, subject to further training during the first year of service.
The military rank of private is assigned to:
a) to a citizen who does not have a military rank, called up for military service - upon departure from the military commissariat of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation to the place of military service;
b) to a citizen who does not have a military rank and is enrolled in the reserve - upon enrollment in the reserve;
c) a citizen who does not have a military rank and entered the military service under a contract - upon enrollment in the lists of personnel of a military unit;
d) to a citizen who does not have a military rank, enrolled in a military educational institution - when enrolling in the specified educational institution.
The military rank of a sailor is assigned to:
a) to a serviceman called up for military service - when enrolled in the lists of personnel of a military unit, where the state provides for the military rank of sailor;
b) a citizen who entered the military service under a contract who does not have a military rank - when enrolled in the lists of personnel of a military unit, where the state provides for the military rank of a sailor;
c) to a citizen who does not have a military rank, enrolled in a military educational institution - when enrolling in the specified educational institution, where the state provides for the military rank of a sailor.
As noted above, the next military rank is assigned to a soldier on the day of the expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, if he holds a military position (position), for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to the soldier.
For military service in the following military ranks, the terms are set:
Private, sailor - five months;
Junior sergeant, foreman 2 articles - one year;
Sergeant, foreman of the 1st article - two years;
Senior sergeant, chief foreman - three years;
Ensign, midshipman - three years;
Junior lieutenant - two years;
Lieutenant - three years;
Senior lieutenant - three years;
Captain, lieutenant commander - four years;
Major, captain of the 3rd rank - four years;
Lieutenant colonel, captain 2nd rank - five years.
The military rank of a senior officer may be awarded to a serviceman after at least two years of his military service in the previous military rank and at least one year in the military position (position) held, subject to replacement by senior officers.
The terms of military service in the military rank of Colonel General (Admiral) and General of the Army (Admiral of the Fleet) are not established.
The term of military service in the military rank of lieutenant for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract who graduated from a military educational institution according to full-time training with a period of five years or more is set to two years.
The period of military service in the assigned military rank includes the time spent in military service.
In the specified period, the following is counted:
a) the time of a break in military service in the event of unreasonable prosecution of a serviceman, illegal dismissal of a serviceman from military service and his subsequent reinstatement in military service;
b) the time of suspension of military service;
c) holding time.
A serviceman who has the military rank of an officer and is successfully studying full-time in military educational institution, adjuncture, military doctoral studies, the next military rank up to lieutenant colonel, captain of the 2nd rank inclusive is assigned on the day of the expiration of his military service in the assigned military rank, regardless of the military position (position) that he held before entering the specified educational institution, postgraduate course, military doctoral studies .
A serviceman who has the military rank of an officer, who, before entering a military educational institution, postgraduate course, military doctoral studies, held a military position (position), for which the state provides for the military rank of colonel, captain of the 1st rank or senior officer, the next military rank up to colonel, captain of the 1st rank inclusive is assigned in accordance with the military position (position) occupied before entering the specified educational institution, postgraduate course, military doctoral studies after the expiration of the length of service in the assigned military rank.
The next military rank to a soldier may be awarded ahead of schedule for special personal merits, but not higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position (position) he occupies.
A serviceman whose term of military service in the assigned military rank has expired, for special personal merits, may be awarded a military rank one step higher than the military rank provided by the state for his military position (position), but not higher than the military rank of major, captain 3rd rank.
The military rank of corporal (senior sailor) may be awarded as a reward for special personal merit to a soldier holding a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of private (sailor).
The military rank of junior sergeant (foreman of the 2nd article) is assigned to a private (sailor) who fills a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of junior sergeant (foreman of the 2nd article) and above, after the expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, as well as to a soldier, successfully completed training in a training military unit under the training program for sergeants (foremen).
While serving a sentence in the form of restriction in military service or arrest, a soldier cannot be awarded the next military rank. The time of serving a sentence in the form of restriction in military service or arrest is not included in the term of military service in the assigned military rank.
Thus, the grounds for conferring a military rank are:
1) recruitment for military service by conscription or entry into military service on a voluntary basis, as well as admission to a military educational institution;
2) graduation from a military educational institution of vocational education;
3) expiration of the period of military service in the previous military rank, with the exception of the period of military service in the military rank of Colonel General (Admiral) and above;
4) the decision of an official within his authority to award the next military rank ahead of schedule;
5) the appointment of a serviceman to a higher military or other position for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to a serviceman if his term of service in the previous military rank has expired. At the same time, the next military rank is assigned to a serviceman simultaneously with the appointment, and if simultaneous registration is impossible, from the date of appointment to this military position;
6) passing tests according to the established program by military personnel serving in military positions, for which the state provides for the military ranks of junior sergeant (foreman 2 articles) and above;
7) recertification upon entering the military service of a citizen who is serving or has served in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation or in other law enforcement agencies and has a special rank. In this case, the specified citizen may be awarded a military rank equal to his special rank.
Reduction in military rank as a measure of disciplinary sanction, it is provided only for soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, as well as for persons called up for military training as soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen (clause 3, article 28.4 of the Federal Law "On the status of military personnel", art. 55 DU RF Armed Forces). The basis for the imposition of the specified disciplinary sanction is the commission of a disciplinary offense by a serviceman. The penalty is announced in the order of the commander or chief, who has the appropriate disciplinary authority. Sergeants and foremen are reduced in military rank by one step. They can also be reduced in military rank with a transfer to a lower position. The moment of changing the military service attitude is the issuance of an order to impose a penalty.
A soldier, as well as a citizen who is in the reserve or who is retired, may be stripped of military rank only by a court verdict for committing a grave or especially grave crime (Article 48 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). The court that passed the verdict on the deprivation of the convicted military rank, after its entry into force, sends a copy of the verdict to the official who awarded the military rank, who is obliged to make an entry on the deprivation of the rank in the relevant documents (Article 61 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation). The deprivation of a military rank entails the mandatory dismissal of a serviceman from military service, which indicates that the person deprived of it ceases to be the subject of military service relations, since the military rank is their mandatory element.
A citizen deprived of a military rank, after the removal or cancellation of a criminal record, may be reinstated in the previous military rank by an official who has the right to assign this military rank in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for military service.
Control questions and tasks:
1. Explain the purpose of the military ranks assigned to military personnel.
2. Expand the procedure for conferring the first military rank on a serviceman.
3. Describe the conditions for conferring the next military rank on a soldier.
4. Tell us about the procedure and grounds for reducing military personnel in military ranks and depriving them of military ranks.
The next military rank is assigned to a soldier on the day of the expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, if he occupies a military position for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank assigned to the soldier.
For military service in the following military ranks, the terms are set:
For graduates of higher military educational institutions, the term of stay in the rank of lieutenant is 2 years.
The military rank of a senior officer may be awarded to a serviceman after at least two years of his military service in the previous military rank and at least one year in the military position held, subject to replacement by senior officers.
The terms of military service in the military rank of Colonel General (Admiral) and General of the Army (Admiral of the Fleet) are not established.
The term of military service of military personnel in the assigned military rank is calculated from the day the military rank was awarded. The period of military service in the assigned military rank includes the time spent in military service.
In the specified period, the following is counted:
a) the time of a break in military service in the event of unreasonable prosecution of a serviceman, illegal dismissal of a serviceman from military service and his subsequent reinstatement in military service;
b) the time of suspension of military service;
c) holding time.
When a serviceman is appointed to the highest military position at the same time, and if simultaneous registration is impossible, from the date of appointment to the highest military position, he is assigned the next military rank if his term of service in the previous military rank has expired, provided that the state provides for this military position military a rank equal to or higher than the military rank given to a soldier.
A military rank may be awarded to an officer ahead of schedule for special personal merit, but not higher than the military rank provided for by the state for the military position he holds, as well as one step higher than that provided for by the position he holds for special personal merit, if the period of military service in the previous military rank expired, but not higher than the military rank of major (captain of the 3rd rank).
A serviceman who has the military rank of officer and is successfully studying full-time in a military educational institution of higher professional education, as well as in postgraduate or military doctoral studies, the next military rank up to lieutenant colonel or captain 2nd rank inclusive is assigned on the day of the expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, regardless of the military position that he held before entering the specified educational institution.
Military ranks are assigned to military personnel:
a) senior officers - by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided;
b) colonel, captain of the 1st rank - the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided;
c) other military ranks - by officials determined by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided.
The military commissar of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation assigns the military rank of private to citizens called up for military service.
Officials have the right to assign military ranks to servicemen who are directly subordinate to them.
A higher official enjoys all the rights to confer military ranks granted to lower commanders (chiefs).
Assignment of the first military rank of an officer, the military rank of an officer ahead of schedule, one step higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position held, as well as the military rank to military personnel who are successfully studying full-time education in a military educational institution, postgraduate studies, military doctoral studies, up to colonel (captain of the 1st rank) inclusively is made by the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided.
Assignment of military ranks to warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) ahead of schedule, as well as the assignment of regular military ranks one step higher than the military rank provided for the current military position: warrant officers (warrant officers) - not higher than the military rank of senior warrant officer (senior warrant officer), sergeants (foremen) - not higher than the military rank of foreman (chief ship foreman), is carried out by officials who have the right to assign these military ranks.
Recall that citizens who are in the reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the next military ranks can be assigned on the proposal of the official who led the military training, only after these citizens have passed military training and passed the tests established by the RF Ministry of Defense, but no more than twice during their stay said citizens in reserve.
A soldier may be stripped of his military rank
only by a court verdict for committing a grave or especially grave crime. After the removal or cancellation of a criminal record, a citizen may be reinstated in his previous military rank by an official who has the right to assign this military rank.
A citizen's application for reinstatement in military rank is considered by the military commissar no later than one month from the date of its receipt by the military commissariat.
If there are grounds for the restoration of a citizen in the previous military rank, the military commissar draws up a submission on the restoration of a citizen in a military rank. The restoration of a citizen in a military rank in this case can be carried out by order of an official who has the right to assign this military rank, in relation to the procedure for its assignment.
A conscripted military serviceman may be reduced in military rank, as well as reinstated in his former military rank in the manner determined by disciplinary charter RF Armed Forces.
Article 41 of the RF Armed Forces Administration stipulates that rewards: "assignment of the military rank of corporal, senior sailor"; "assignment of the next military rank ahead of schedule, but not higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position held"; "assignment of a military rank one step higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position held, but not higher than the military rank of major, captain of the 3rd rank, but to a soldier who has degree and/or academic title who holds a military position of a teaching staff in a military educational institution of vocational education, not higher than the military rank of colonel, captain of the 1st rank" - are applied to military personnel for special personal merits.
Article 46 of the Federal Law "On military duty and military service" provides for the composition of military personnel and military ranks. The seniority of military ranks is determined by the sequence of their enumeration in the specified article of the named Federal Law from the military rank "private" ("sailor") to a higher one.
Military and naval military ranks corresponding to each other are considered equal. So, the military military rank "corporal" corresponds to the ship's military rank "senior sailor".
As mentioned above, a soldier may be awarded a military rank for special personal merit.
No normative definition of special personal merits has been established, however, they are usually understood as a conscientious lawful act associated with the "over-fulfillment" by a specific military person of his duties or with the achievement of a generally recognized useful result and serving as the basis for the application of encouragement. Merit is characterized not only by external, i.e. objective, action, but also internal, i.e. subjective, attitude to the act, the presence of positive goals and motives for the behavior of a serviceman, i.e. an act that formally falls under the indicated signs, but committed upon achieving negative (for example, illegal) goals and in the presence of negative motivation, cannot serve as a basis for applying the specified encouragement. The motive is an internal urge to action * (77). The concept of "merit" was considered in more detail in § 1 of this chapter.
The military rank of corporal (senior sailor) can be awarded as a reward for special personal merit to a soldier holding a military position for which the state provides for the military rank of private or sailor (clause 12, article 22 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service), therefore it is not is regular and no deadlines have been set for it (clause 2, article 22 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service).
This encouragement, in accordance with Art. 23 DU of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can be used by military officials from the commander of a separate battalion (ship of 2nd and 3rd rank) and above, as well as the commander of a separate military unit, using in accordance with Art. 11 DU RF Armed Forces by the authority of the battalion commander, i.e. officials who have the right to issue orders on personnel (in accordance with subparagraph "a" of paragraph 73 of the Guidelines for the recruitment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation by soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen, approved by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated January 16, 2001 N thirty).
It is advisable to initiate a petition for the assignment of the specified military rank to the platoon commander. It must be borne in mind that for conscripted military personnel who have leadership qualities, but do not occupy the positions of junior commanders, this encouragement is quite significant, since it gives them the opportunity to officially acquire seniority over their colleagues, to assist in the management of personal squad commanders and deputy platoon commanders.
The military rank of junior sergeant (foreman, article 2) is awarded to a serviceman who has successfully completed training in a military unit under the training program for sergeants or foremen (clause 13, article 22 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service).
Early assignment of the next military rank applies to military personnel of all categories, including those undergoing military service by conscription, but not higher than the military rank provided by the state for the military position (position) held. The exception is two categories of military personnel: colonel-generals (admirals) and army generals (fleet admirals), to whom this type of encouragement does not apply, since the terms of military service in military rank are not established for them (clause 3 of article 22 of the Regulations on Order military service).
Paragraph 4 of Art. 47 of the Federal Law "On military duty and military service", as well as paragraph 10 of Art. 22 Regulations on the procedure for passing military service do not contain restrictions on the length of service in the previous military rank when deciding on early assignment of the rank.
It should be noted that in accordance with sub. "d" paragraph 2 of Art. 26 of the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service, one of the main tasks of attestation of military personnel is to present military personnel for the assignment of regular military ranks ahead of schedule or one step higher than their military position.
In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, certification is carried out in accordance with the Procedure for organizing and conducting certification of military personnel serving under a contract in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation dated February 29, 2012 N 444.
To conduct certification, as well as to resolve other issues of military service in military units, certification commissions are created from a separate battalion, equal to it and above.
The attestation commission is accountable to the commander of the military unit in which it was created.
At a meeting of the attestation commission, in particular, submissions for the assignment of the next military rank ahead of schedule or one step higher than the military position held are considered, while the attestation sheet is not compiled.
To make a decision by the commander of the military unit, the attestation commission issues a written opinion based on the results of the reviewed submission.
During the meeting of the attestation commission, the secretary of the commission must without fail keep minutes of the meeting of the attestation commission in writing and preferably with a detailed reflection of the course of the meeting and all the issues considered in it. An example form is shown below.
meetings of the attestation commission ___________________________
(name of military unit)
Chairman of the Commission ______________________________________________
surname, initials)
Members of the commission: __________________________________________________________
(military position, military rank,
____________________________________________________________________
surname, initials)
Commission Secretary _________________________________________________
(military position, military rank,
____________________________________________________________________
surname, initials)
As a controversial point in the issue of attestation of military personnel in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the content of par. 2 p. 6 art. 26 of the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service: when a serviceman is presented for awarding a state award of the Russian Federation, conferring a military rank ahead of schedule or one step higher than his position, an attestation sheet is not compiled, i.e. a serviceman is certified, but without compiling a certification sheet. In these cases, the attestation commission considers the submission (award sheet) * (78). A.M. draws attention to this circumstance. Terekhin, who notes that this norm is repeated in the new order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation on the procedure for organizing and conducting certification of military personnel * (79).
However, in fact, the presentation (award sheet) is the same certification sheet containing a review, a characteristic for a soldier, an assessment of his business, personal and moral qualities, the process and results of his official activities, etc.
It should be noted that the execution of these documents carries the risk of corruption.
For example, an award sheet for a serviceman is submitted for consideration by the attestation commission of a military unit. Only this candidacy can be considered by the attestation commission, even if the members of the commission believe that another serviceman is more worthy of the award.
A completely logical question immediately arises: "By whom and on whose instructions was the award sheet prepared for this particular serviceman?"
Of course, the award list was prepared by the personnel body by decision of the commander of the military unit (or at the direction of higher military command and control bodies).
However, such instructions are very far from an objective assessment of the activities of the serviceman presented for the award and are based on subjective opinion, i.e. discretion or discretion of the relevant military official without regard to the opinion of the attestation commission.
In practice, this approach leads to the fact that attestation commissions practically do not participate in solving the most important tasks of attestation, turning into a formal body that is not notified at all about ongoing appointments and awards (assignments), or members of the attestation commission are offered to sign under the already prepared, and often already implemented by the decision of the commander (chief) of the military unit.
The new order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation on the procedure for organizing and conducting certification of military personnel "did not break" this negative trend * (80).
An important condition is also established by paragraph 10 of Art. 26 of the Regulations on the procedure for performing military service, the right of a serviceman to appeal the attestation conclusions (objectivity, legality) and the procedure for conducting attestation to a higher commander (chief) within a month from the date of the announcement of the results of attestation (decision on submission), as well as to the court (exemplary forms of complaints on these questions are given in Appendix 7 to this edition).
The submission for the assignment of a military rank is issued ahead of schedule in accordance with paragraph 12 of the Instructions for organizing the passage of military service by officers and warrant officers (warrant officers) in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of September 30, 2002 N 350, on a standard form in the form in accordance with Appendix No. 3 to the specified Instruction.
Application of encouragement "assignment of the next military rank one step higher than the military rank provided for by the current position, up to major, captain of the 3rd rank, and to a serviceman who has an academic degree and (or) an academic rank, holding a military position of a professorial and teaching staff in a military educational institution of vocational education, not higher than the military rank of colonel, captain 1st rank":
- in relation to it is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, the head of the federal executive body in which military service is provided;
- in relation to ensigns (midshipmen) it is carried out by the commander of the army (flotilla), the commander of the troops of the military district, front, fleet, equal to them and above (paragraph "e" of article 26 and article 29 of the command of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation);
- in relation to sergeants (foremen), it is carried out by the regiment commander (commander of a separate battalion, commander of a separate military unit), equal to and higher), but not higher than the military rank of foreman (chief ship foreman) - paragraph 4 of Art. 23 Regulations on the procedure for military service.
Thus, encouragement in the form of conferring the next military rank one step higher than the military rank provided for by the state for the military position held can be applied to all categories of military personnel, with the exception of the highest, but also for special personal merits (Article 41 of the Administrative Code of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) . The term of military service in the previous military rank, established by paragraph 2 of Art. 22 Regulations on the procedure for military service.
The procedure for issuing a submission for conferring a military rank one step higher is similar to the procedure for conferring a military rank ahead of schedule.
According to paragraph 2 of Art. 22 of the Regulations on the procedure for passing military service, the terms for serving in military ranks are as follows: private (sailor) - five months; junior sergeant (foreman 2nd article) - one year; sergeant (foreman of the 1st article) - two years; senior sergeant (chief foreman) - three years; ensign and warrant officer - three years (a military rank higher than the military rank of senior warrant officer or senior midshipman cannot be awarded to the specified military officer (clause 4 of article 23 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service); junior lieutenant - two years; lieutenant - three years; senior lieutenant - three years; captain, captain-lieutenant - four years; major, captain of the 3rd rank - four years; lieutenant colonel, captain of the 2nd rank - five years.
The term of military service in the military rank of lieutenant for military personnel undergoing military service under a contract who graduated from a military educational institution full-time for a period of five years or more is set to two years (clause 4, article 22 of the Regulation on the procedure for military service).
The military rank of a senior officer may be awarded to a serviceman after at least two years of his military service in the previous military rank and at least one year in the military position (position) held, subject to replacement by senior officers. The terms of military service in the military rank of Colonel General (Admiral) and General of the Army (Admiral of the Fleet) are not established (clause 3, article 2 of the said Regulation). Military ranks of the highest are assigned to military personnel by the President of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the head of the federal executive body, which provides for military service (subparagraph "a", paragraph 1, article 23 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service).
Another serious shortcoming of the legal regulation of these incentives is that they are currently considered by many officers as being used by commanders by no means always objectively. In this regard, it is necessary to exclude formalism in the preparation of documents for conferring a military rank, to evaluate the merits of a serviceman according to such indicators (objective criteria) as * (81):
- level vocational training, knowledge of general military charters, instructions, one’s duties in the military post and their implementation, readiness to perform duties when transferring from peacetime to wartime and in wartime, improving professional knowledge in the system of command (professional) training and independently, academic degree and academic title, the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in practice, the field of activity in which the certified person showed the greatest abilities and achieved high results, the presence of combat experience;
- personal discipline and diligence, exactingness to oneself and subordinates;
- organization in work, the ability to determine the main direction in providing high level combat and mobilization readiness, the ability to carry out assigned tasks with high quality, show initiative, quickly navigate and skillfully act in a difficult environment;
- the ability to lead, train and educate subordinate personnel and combine high demands with care for them;
- assessment of the state of the unit (military unit, formation, association) commanded, or the area of work for which the serviceman is responsible (discipline, staffing level, combat and mobilization readiness, combat training, development military equipment and weapons, the state of weapons, military equipment and material and technical means, the state of command (professional) training, the availability of a reserve of candidates for promotion to higher positions, referrals to study and work with them, the quality of work with junior officers, etc. );
- the ability to critically assess one's activities, take a creative approach to business, perseverance in the performance of official duties, authority in the military team, the ability to organize the protection of state secrets, moral and psychological qualities.
The terms of military service in military rank are reduced when military personnel perform tasks in a non-international armed conflict. According to Art. 5 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On additional guarantees and compensations for military personnel serving in the territories of the states of the Transcaucasus, the Baltic States and the Republic of Tajikistan, as well as performing tasks to protect the constitutional rights of citizens in a state of emergency and in armed conflicts" dated July 21, 1993 N 5481- I (with amendments and additions) the time for performing tasks in the conditions of an armed conflict of a non-international character in the Chechen Republic and in the territories immediately adjacent to it North Caucasus, assigned to the zone of armed conflict, is counted in the period of passage of military service by the specified military personnel in military rank on preferential terms - one month of military service for three months.
The periods of performance by military personnel and employees of internal affairs bodies of tasks in a state of emergency and in armed conflicts are documented by orders of commanders military units, chiefs of staff, operational and other groups (clause 2 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On the procedure for establishing the fact that military personnel and other persons perform tasks in a state of emergency and in armed conflicts and providing them with additional guarantees and compensations" of March 31, 1994 N 280).
Lists of military units involved in the performance of tasks in a state of emergency or involved in the performance of tasks in armed conflicts, as well as the periods of performance of each military unit such tasks are declared by directives General Staff Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (clause 3 of the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation of January 4, 1996 N 9) or orders of the FSB of Russia.
A serviceman may be awarded the next military rank up to major, captain of the 3rd rank, inclusive, one step higher than the military rank provided for by his full-time position, for special personal merits. This incentive can only be applied to officers whose term of military service in the assigned military rank has expired (clause 11, article 22 of the Regulations on the procedure for military service).
For example, in practice, questions arise about the assignment of the next military rank of "major" upon dismissal to the reserve for organizational and staff activities (subparagraph "a", paragraph 2, article 51 of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service") of an officer with the rank " captain", who served from 1990 to 2001. as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Battalion.
In accordance with Art. 47 of the Federal Law "On military duty and military service" the next military rank is assigned to a soldier on the day of the expiration of his military service in the previous military rank, if he holds a military position for which the state provides for a military rank equal to or higher than the military rank, assigned to a soldier.
At that time, the following terms of being in military ranks were in force: captain, captain-lieutenant - three years.
The next military rank to a soldier may be awarded ahead of schedule for special personal merits, but not higher than the military rank provided by the state for his military position.
A serviceman whose term of military service in the assigned military rank has expired may also be awarded a military rank one step higher than the military rank provided for by the state for the military position, but not higher than the military rank of major, captain of the 3rd rank, and a soldier, who has an academic degree and (or) an academic rank, who holds a military position of a teaching staff in a military educational institution of vocational education - not higher than the military rank of colonel, captain of the 1st rank.
While serving a sentence in the form of restriction in military service or arrest, a serviceman cannot be awarded the next military rank, including ahead of schedule.
Military rank is an integral part of any army, and this also applies to the Russian Armed Forces. The introduction of a system of military ranks made it possible to draw a clear line between soldiers, officers and higher command staff, which makes it possible to observe interpersonal subordination and order in the Russian army. This is important not only in peacetime, but especially during hostilities.
The history of the origin of military ranks
For the first time, military ranks and positions appeared in the Russian kingdom in the 16th-17th centuries. The system of army unity of command affected only the archery troops. In the rest of the army, the ranks of the state, that is, civil, service were preserved, until the moment of reorganization into regiments of the new system.
In the archery regiment there was a system of military ranks, which varied depending on the number of subordinates (foreman, Pentecostal, centurion, and so on).
Later, in the regiments of the new order, the ranks underwent major changes and began to be named in the Western European manner (starting from warrant officer and lieutenant, ending with lieutenant general and general).
Such a system is very similar to the current design of Russian military ranks.
In 1722, the nomenclature of military ranks greatly expanded, due to which there was a division between the rank and position of an officer.
This arrangement continued until 1917. It underwent significant changes after the communists came to power, and in the Soviet Union the ranks were replaced by the positions of Soviet officers.
On September 22, 1935, military ranks were introduced by decree of the Central Executive Committee. In order to avoid associations with the White Army, some ranks were changed (for example, the general was changed to divisional commander, brigade commander). Later, in 1940, the general and admiral ranks were returned, and already in 1972 the ranks of "ensign" and "midshipman" would be introduced.
The system of military ranks that operates at the present time is a legacy of the multifaceted history of Russia, and in particular, Soviet Union.
Subordination in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The vital activity of the army largely depends on the existing relationships in the team. A team that is mired in conflicts cannot carry out appropriate combat training activities. Whereas the company, where friendship and mutual support reigns, copes with this perfectly. The commander of the military group must always remember this.
However, this is a double-edged sword: military personnel are obliged to do what the higher authorities order (if this does not contradict the military regulations and current legislation). Few want to experience the hardships of service. And military service obliges the soldier to this.
To this end, military service charters have been introduced in the armed units, which a soldier, upon entering the service and taking an oath, undertakes to fulfill. Charter internal service The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation regulate the relationship between soldiers and officers: unity of command and subordination, tact and restraint, mutual respect, collectivism, which are the basic principles of this document.
The disciplinary charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation determines main point discipline of a serviceman, his rights and obligations, types of incentives and disciplinary sanctions, the rights and obligations of the commander for their use, the rules for filing complaints, applications and proposals.
The statutory rules for the relationship between military personnel entering guard, garrison and commandant service are regulated by the relevant statutes of the Armed Forces that exist to control compliance with this type of military service. Building rules and order military salute determines the Construction Regulations.
Compliance with the statutory relationships lies with each soldier in particular and the team as a whole. In particular, this should be monitored by the commanding part of the garrison. Therefore, the officer is vested with special powers to control the discipline and order of service of his subordinates.
Responsibility for violation of statutory relationships
Depending on the nature and severity of the offense, a serviceman may incur disciplinary, administrative, civil or even criminal liability (Article 28 of the Federal Law "On the Status of Servicemen").
For violation of discipline or public order, the military will be punished in accordance with the Disciplinary Regulations. The acting commander can make both a remark and a reminder about it and conduct a disciplinary sanction. It depends on the degree of guilt and the severity of the offense committed. Also, the boss may see signs of a crime in the actions of a subordinate, which he will have to report, which, in turn, will conduct an investigation.
Statutory relationships between soldiers are protected by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and current legislation. The threat of criminal punishment occurs if the soldier:
- exceeded official powers;
- did not comply with the order;
- resisted the commander or forced him to violate his military duties;
- insulted another soldier or inflicted bodily harm on him.
Complex form - psychological impact and educational work, will be able to strengthen the morale of the soldiers and warn them against violating the statutory rules of relations.
The value of military rank in the Armed Forces
Military ranks cannot be considered only from the angle of the fact of encouraging a soldier. They are issued to the most prepared, disciplined and responsible of those serving, since it is they who are responsible for commanding personnel.
Rank is an important component of the Armed Forces. But it is worth remembering that the position occupied by the latter is decisive in the primacy between the subordinate and the boss.
The rank can be understood as a kind of service skill, corresponding to which a soldier or officer is awarded certain powers and privileges. The military rank is issued solely for services to the Fatherland, which allows you to divide decent military personnel and not so much in the army.
On this moment There are two types of ranks in the army of the Russian Federation:
- combined arms;
- ship.
The first are assigned to persons serving in the infantry and air force ranks of the troops. The latter belong to the military who serve in the Russian Navy. A mandatory attribute of the rank is the type of armed forces in which the person is. For example, a serving colonel in the guards unit is assigned to the rank of the addition of "guards", that is, "guards colonel". For people who are assigned to legal or medical units, the concept of "justice" or "medical service" is added to the rank, respectively.
When a member of the armed forces retires or retires, his rank is retained, but the accompanying definition is "retired" (retired captain or retired colonel).
The procedure for conferring military ranks
For getting next rank it is necessary to voluntarily enter the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, join the conscription or graduate from a special higher Educational establishment.
Service life also plays an important role in the awarding of military ranks to military personnel. After serving a certain period, a soldier receives the next rank. Within the framework of his authority, an official can also assign a title if he considers it necessary.
Persons liable for military service, for whom sergeant and foreman ranks are provided, they are issued based on the results of successful completion of service training.
The assignment of military ranks by presidential decree is also possible, but for this officer to be presented by his current superior, reporting on this.
Obtaining regular military ranks
For enlisted personnel, in order to receive the next rank, it will be necessary to serve a certain period of time.
- senior soldier or sailor - 5 months;
- junior sergeant - 1 year;
- sergeant - 2 years;
- and ensign - 3 years.
During this period, the service of a soldier should take place without disciplinary sanctions, and the rank will be awarded only after passing the test according to the service program.
Another title awarded officers, also depends on the period of service. The terms for conferring military ranks to officers are calculated in years. The higher the position and rank, the more time it will take to get a new one:
- for a "junior lieutenant" this period is two years;
- the assignment of the military rank of "lieutenant" and "senior lieutenant" occurs after three years of service;
- four years will be required to obtain a "captain" ("lieutenant commander") and a "major" ("captain of the 3rd rank");
- "lieutenant colonel" or "captain 2nd rank" can only be obtained after five years of service.
Who is not assigned the next military ranks?
Stars on shoulder straps do not shine for military officers if they:
- were involved as an accused in a criminal case or it was initiated against them (before the end of the proceedings);
- are at the disposal of the chief (commander);
- committed a disciplinary offense (before the application of a measure of responsibility);
- submitted for early dismissal under Art. 51 Federal;
- checked for accuracy and completeness of information on income and expenses, on property and property obligations;
- suspended military service;
- stay in places of detention and serve a criminal sentence;
- the conviction has not been expunged.
Assignment of an extraordinary military rank
In addition to the refusal to receive the next military rank, as part of the award, soldiers or officers can be assigned to an extraordinary rank.
Get the coveted stars for shoulder straps ahead of time is possible only by decision of the leadership in whose department the serviceman is serving. This happens very rarely, because the dominant person performs such actions only at his own discretion.
If an officer or soldier participated in special operations, showed himself during emergency, his subordinates showed excellent results in training and combat training, then as an encouragement, the current commander can assign him an extraordinary military rank.
Deprivation of the title
The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have a system of rewards and punishments for their subordinates. A serviceman can not only be deprived of the next rank, but also lowered in the existing one.
This happens in grave and especially grave misconduct on the part of the military, of which only the court can accuse him. After a guilty verdict is passed, the military may be demoted and deprived of existing social benefits and privileges.
After the repayment of a criminal record in the rank and position, you can be restored by submitting an appropriate application to the military registration and enlistment office. However, there is no guarantee that the Armed Forces will accept a former soldier back to the same position and in the same rank.
If an officer or soldier was convicted unfairly, then after rehabilitation he will be automatically reinstated in position and rank.
Military rank is an integral attribute of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the history of which can be traced back to the beginning of the 16th century. The assignment of a military rank can be either regular (after the expiration of a certain period of service) or extraordinary (for special services to the Fatherland and the quality of service).
In the process of serving, the military must observe strict subordination, the violation of which may result in liability, up to criminal liability, depending on the severity of the offense committed. After a guilty verdict is passed, a serviceman may be demoted in rank and deprived of his position, which is not easy to restore. Responsibility for military duties- this is the key to a healthy army.
Today I will tell how to get military rank in the army.
Initially, you will be a private, then there is a corporal, and after the corporal, a junior sergeant, a sergeant and a senior sergeant follow. You may not hope for more, but this is not certain, since a sergeant and a senior sergeant are already very difficult to get in the army. Let's sort it out in order and start, of course, with the military rank of private.
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What military ranks can a conscripted soldier achieve?
I would also like to remind you that in addition to the army, we also have Navy, where military ranks differ from land ranks, namely:
Assignment of the military rank of private
The initial military rank in the army is private. An ordinary soldier is an ordinary soldier who serves in the army and does not stand out in any way. This rank is punched in your military ID at the assembly point from where you are, and the date you were awarded the rank of private is the date of your dismissal from military service. Ordinary soldiers have clean shoulder straps, and, as they say, "clean shoulder straps - a clear conscience." There is nothing more to say about the military rank of private.
Assignment of the military rank of corporal
Let's talk about the next military rank - corporal, the so-called most trained soldier. As they say, “it’s better to have a prostitute’s daughter than a corporal’s son,” I don’t know why this title is so disliked, but according to one of the many versions, this is due to tsarist Russia, where corporals at the front were placed in the first line, and, accordingly, they died first.
How to get the rank of corporal? There is a so-called SDS (regular-official list) - "staff". It is in every company. In order to receive this rank, you need to stand in the corresponding military position. That is, your position in this "staff" should correspond to your rank.
A corporal can be assigned to any soldier, for example, you will be by position, and the senior driver should have the rank of corporal.
Assignment of the military rank of junior sergeant, sergeant
Military ranks of sergeants and foremen
Next comes the rank of junior sergeant. Let's think, do you need it? A junior sergeant is usually a soldier who knows the regulations, who knows how and wants to lead personnel, who is respected in the military team, not only by soldiers, but also by command. He may already be a squad leader. The squad leader is the soldier who will have . The squad leader must know everything about each soldier from his squad. And also skillfully lead them.
The direct chief of the squad leader will be the deputy platoon commander (zamkomplatoon) - this is the same junior sergeant or sergeant who will lead the whole platoon.
That is, there is a chain of military personnel, namely: private, corporal, junior sergeant and sergeant. Usually the castle platoon is a junior sergeant or sergeant, the squad leader is a corporal, and ordinary soldiers are just in different platoons.
There is another method for obtaining a military rank. Let's say you approach your company commander and say that after the army you want to serve in the police or other power structures and the rank of junior sergeant will come in handy to make it easier for you to move on. Perhaps this will be enough to give you the military rank of junior sergeant (provided that you really deserve it).
The third option for conferring a military rank
Let's say - on February 23 or May 9, usually regular and extraordinary military ranks are assigned on these holidays, and you can accordingly fall under this topic.
How else can you get a rank in the army
This is when the old conscription left the reserve, and vacancies for military positions were vacated, for which the state provides for the military ranks of a corporal or junior sergeant. And, since there will be no castle platoon commanders and squad commanders, any worthy soldier can be appointed to this position with the assignment of the next military rank.
Also, the rank of junior sergeant can be given for some merit, but this is very rare. So let's consider: a private is a soldier who simply serves in the army. The corporal is the same soldier, but no longer a soldier and not yet a junior sergeant. Next comes the junior sergeant, who leads the squad and the sergeant, who may already be in charge of a whole platoon. But not all soldiers are given a sergeant. There will be only two or three of them in the company.
Conclusion: if you want to run around at night on the business of a platoon or squad, fill out various documentation, monitor a whole platoon, get a “stick” for them, etc., then you can become a junior sergeant. And if you just want to quietly serve in the army, then be a private.
As they say, everything is in your hands and actually do it so that you given a military rank not so difficult
