The manual contains 25 variants of typical test tasks in social studies, as well as 80 additional tasks of part 2. All tasks are compiled taking into account the features and requirements of the Unified state exam in 2017.
The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of KIM in social science, the degree of difficulty of tasks, a large number of various types of tasks to develop sustainable skills for their implementation.
The authors of the assignments are leading specialists who are directly involved in the development of assignments for the USE and methodological materials for preparing for the implementation of control measuring materials.
The collection also contains:
answers to all variants of tests and tasks of part 2;
criteria for evaluating tasks of part 2;
sample forms used on the exam to record answers.
The manual is addressed to teachers to prepare students for the Unified State Exam in Social Science, as well as to high school students for self-training and self-control.

Examples.
Choose the correct judgments about human activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Human activity has a creative and transformative character.
2) Human activity is entirely determined by conditioned reflexes.
3) In contrast to the behavior of animals, human activity is focused on meeting the needs operating in this moment time.
4) Human activity is caused by social needs.
5) Human activity is of a volitional and conscious nature.

The arms race has affected the aggravation of the ecological and economic situation in the world. Choose from the list below global problems, which are directly reflected in this causal relationship. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the threat of a new world war
2) ecological crisis and its consequences
3) lagging behind the developing countries of the "third world" from the developed countries
4) the demographic situation on the planet
5) alcoholism and drug addiction
6) international terrorism

Choose the correct judgments about the subjects of banking activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Commercial banks can be engaged in the production of material values.
2) The Central Bank can accept deposits and issue loans.
3) The Central Bank may establish certain financial standards that all credit institutions must comply with.
4) Commercial banks can engage in trade and property insurance.
5) Commercial banks can engage in lending to enterprises, the state and the population.

Free e-book download at convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book USE 2017, Social studies, 25 options for typical test tasks and preparation for the implementation of part 2, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S. - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• USE, 700 tasks in social studies with answers, All tasks, Closed segment, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Korolkova E.S., Rutkovskaya E.L., 2020
• Unified State Examination 2009, social studies, typical test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Gorodetskaya N.I., Korolkova E.S., 2009

USE 2017. Social studies. 50 training options for examination papers. Baranov P.A., Shevchenko S.V.

M.: 2017. - 484 p.

50 training options for examination papers in social studies is a unique manual for students in grades 10-11 and applicants, which allows you to successfully prepare for the unified state exam in the shortest possible time and without the involvement of other manuals. Each option is compiled in full accordance with USE requirements, includes tasks of different types and levels of complexity in all basic sciences, on the basis of which the course of social science is formed: philosophy, economics, sociology, social Psychology, political science, jurisprudence. A significant bank of examination materials (1350 tasks of part 1, 450 tasks of part 2) provides an excellent opportunity for intensive training and mastering the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for successfully passing the exam. At the end of the book, answers are given for self-examination to all tasks of part 1, the main content of the answers to tasks of part 2 and recommendations for writing an essay.

Format: pdf

Size: 10.2 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

CONTENT
Preface 4
Instructions for performing examination paper 8
Option 1 9
Option 2 17
Option 3 24
Option 4 32
Option 5 40
Option 6 48
Option 7 56
Option 8 64
Option 9 72
Option 10 79
Option 11 86
Option 12 94
Option 13 102
Option 14 110
Option 15 118
Option 16 126
Option 17 134
Option 18 142
Option 19 150
Option 20 158
Option 21 166
Option 22 174
Option 23 182
Option 24 190
Option 25 198
Option 26 206
Option 27 213
Option 28 221
Option 29 229
Option 30 237
Option 31 245
Option 32 253
Option 33 261
Option 34 269
Option 35 277
Option 36 285
Option 37 293
Option 38 301
Option 39 309
Option 40 317
Option 41 325
Option 42 332
Option 43 340
Option 44 348
Option 45 356
Option 46 364
Option 47 372
Option 48 380
Option 49 388
Option 50 396
404 responses

Successful passing of the unified state exam (USE) in social studies requires the examinees not only to have a deep knowledge of the educational material and the corresponding level of formation of the leading skills, but also to understand the meaning of the tasks included in examination paper, the ability to build their mental activity in the right direction. In addition, you need to learn how to concentrate, be attentive to the details of the wording of tasks, and be able to properly distribute your time and energy during the exam. Therefore, systematic, systematic activity is needed to develop intelligence, creative and analytical abilities, which involves a certain training in performing tasks of various levels of complexity. Such training can be effective if the examinee is offered a significant bank of variable tasks that differ in the content being checked, the level of complexity and the form of presentation of the results of their implementation. For these purposes, in this manual included 50 options for a written examination paper in social studies (total: 1000 tasks with a short answer; 450 tasks with a detailed answer), which will allow not only to form an idea of ​​​​its structure and content, but also to control the level of assimilation of one or another content block-module of the course of social science , to optimize the independent work of examinees in preparation for the exam.
In order to make this work more effective, the manual contains answers to all tasks of the presented options, which makes it possible to compare the answer of the examinee with the standard.

Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

UMK line G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social studies (6-9)

USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher

We analyze tasks and build answers to the questions of the exam in social studies.

Almost half of all graduates of Russia choose the Unified State Examination in social studies every year - this is the most popular exam after the Russian language and mathematics. The reasons are clear - the results of this test are necessary for admission to many humanitarian specialties.

The exam consists of two parts, they contain 29 tasks: For the first 20 tasks (No. 1–20) it is necessary to give a short answer - choose the correct one from the proposed, correlate various options among themselves, put the missing word. The remaining 9 tasks (No. 21-29) must be answered in detail.

235 minutes are given to complete the work.

Exam Evaluation Criteria. The passing score for the exam is 19 primary points, for this you need to accurately complete the first 13 tasks.

Despite the fact that when evaluating the results, a hundred-point scale is used, many are interested in what kind of score on a five-point scale he received. Here is the equivalent: "satisfactory" - 42-54 points, "good" - 55-66 points, "excellent" - from 67 points.

Kis Romana Nikolaevna, teacher of history and social studies, 20 years of work experience:“Before starting work, I recommend that my students read the entire text of the work in order to have general idea about the materials presented in the work. Under the conditions of brainstorming, the internal resource of the body is activated and with the further completion of tasks, the effect of novelty will be eliminated, the student will be ready to perceive each new task. As materials for work, we use a set of materials for preparing students in social studies FIPI USE 2017. Option No. 7.

See also: USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher



When performing this task, you should always look at the name of the table. In this case, the table is called "Factors of Production", it indicates one of the factors - the Earth, its characteristics are given. The main factors of production are known: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities and information. We look at the specified characteristic - the activities of people, the use of mental and physical abilities obtained in the learning process, etc. refer us to such a factor of production as work. It is also important for students to keep in mind the factor income of each factor of production, this allows them to more accurately answer questions related to factors of production.

This task requires knowledge of a generic concept (in the question it sounds like a general concept). In this case, we see: abilities as individual characteristics of a person; worldview as a system of views, concepts and ideas of a person about the world and his place in it; character as certain properties and qualities of a person that affect the behavior of a person; interest as a conscious need that characterizes the attitude of people to objects and phenomena of reality. That is, when performing this task, it is recommended to mentally give an explanation to each concept. With this approach, it soon becomes clear that in this task the generic, i.e. generalizing for all these concepts will be the concept personalities- set socially significant properties and qualities, which will include abilities, interests, character and outlook.

In this task, we are asked about the social traits (qualities) of Galina. We remember that a person is biosocial, we remember what features of a person express his sociality ( the most important properties personality: knowledge about the world and about oneself, skills, social experience, moral values). Therefore, blond hair and brown eyes show the natural, individual features of Galina. But the fact that she is kind and sympathetic is the socially significant properties of her personality. Answer 2 is correct. The external attractiveness of a girl also indicates her individual characteristics, given to her by nature, as well as her height. But the fact that Galina is an honest person, and also friends with many of her classmates, shows how much she knows how to live and interact in society. So: 2,5,6.

We remember that an important element of market self-regulation is competition, and also do not forget the types of market competition and their essential characteristics (pure (free) competition, monopolistic, oligopoly, pure monopoly, monopsony). Considering first judgment, we cannot unequivocally say that the monopoly has only disadvantages. On the one hand, yes - the market mechanism shows a tendency to monopolize production, as collusion and mergers occur in order to protect against competitors. But we know about the sanitizing or health-improving function of the market. Under market conditions, unprofitable enterprises go bankrupt, the economy is freed from inefficient economic activity, and more powerful industries are strengthened and flourish. Therefore, it is difficult to unequivocally talk about the shortcomings of a monopoly. Second judgment right, because a monopolist, having no competitors, independently sets prices for its products. Therefore, the role of the state conducting antimonopoly policy is so important. Third judgment right. An oligopoly is characterized by the existence of several large firms in the market - from two to five, which control the bulk of the market. In the fourth sentence signs of pure (free) competition are given, when the price is set as a result of balancing supply and demand, and individual sellers cannot influence the price of the goods, so the answer is incorrect. Fifth judgment- correct, because In a monopsony, a single buyer dictates the price and quantity sold. Answer: 2,3,5.

When completing task 12 in the Unified State Exam in social studies, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, they found out how many domestic and imported products on the shelves of their stores settlements. The chart shows data for 2005 and 2015. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In 2005, the share of domestic and imported products, according to the respondents, was the same, and 40% of the respondents think so. Next comes the position - domestic products 30%. In 2015, half of the respondents chose the position - domestic products. A trend towards an increase in the share of domestic products was also observed in 2005. In both cases, the smallest choice of answer - I find it difficult to answer. Now look at the judgments presented in the answer options. First answer corresponds to the trend we identified: the share of those who noted that there are more domestic goods in stores has increased over 10 years. The answer is correct. Second answer- No. The proportion of those who responded with an increase in imported goods decreased rather than increased by 2015. Third answer true because the proportion of those who marked equal amount domestic imported goods, indeed, declined. Fourth answer- incorrect, the share of those who found it difficult to answer is less in 2005 than the share of those who answered about the dominance of imported goods. AND fifth answer correct, because we immediately, when analyzing the materials, revealed this trend - in 2015, half of the respondents answered that the share of domestic goods is higher than imported.

When completing task 16, it is necessary to recall the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and especially the characteristics of the principle of political pluralism (the ban on the establishment of an official ideology, political diversity, freedom of political opinion and action, the opposition as the basis of a multi-party system). First position has nothing to do with political pluralism, since it reveals the principle of federalism in the Russian Federation - the equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Second, third and fourth positions reveal the essence of the principle of political pluralism. Fifth provision also reveals the principle of federalism of the Russian Federation - state integrity. Answer: 2, 3, 4.



Analyzing the materials of task 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to criminal law. Article 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation defines the tasks of criminal law. This is the protection of the most significant social relations (human rights and freedoms, property, public order and public safety, ensuring peace and human security from criminal encroachments). Means, first judgment about the protective function of criminal law would be true. Second judgment is also true, because a fine and life imprisonment are punishments provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Third judgment right, it reflects the main characteristics of criminal law as a branch of Russian law. Fourth judgment incorrect, since the principles of equality of the parties, property independence, independence, autonomy of will belong to private law - the Civil Law of the Russian Federation. Fifth judgment is incorrect - business turnover as a source of law refers to Civil Law.


Task 18 is related to Labor Law. Here one of the parties of labor relations is considered - the employer, his rights and obligations. The employer, concluding a collective agreement with representatives of employees, is obliged to provide complete and reliable information necessary for concluding a collective agreement, reaching an agreement and monitoring their implementation. Answer A- responsibilities. The employer has the right to require employees to fulfill their labor duties. Answer B- rights. To ensure the working conditions provided for by law, as well as to compensate for the harm caused to employees in connection with the performance of their labor duties (the employee's right to labor safety) are the obligations of the employer. Answers C, D- responsibilities. Answer D- is the right of the employer - to conduct collective negotiations and conclude collective agreements.

Task 19 requires a clear knowledge of the grounds for obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation on a general basis. Obtaining citizenship on a general basis means: continuous residence on the territory of the Russian Federation for 5 years, renunciation of the citizenship of another state (this position is indicated in the task - Jose Luis applied to the authorized body of state Z with a statement on renunciation of citizenship), the presence of a legal source of funds to existence, observance of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and legislation, knowledge of the Russian language. Thus, answers 2, 3, 5 are true.


When completing task 20, you first need to try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, this is how an understanding of the semantic content of the text is achieved, when reading again, refer to the list of available words. We try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the task.

“Social control is the mechanism by which society enforces certain rules, violates (A) which is detrimental to the functioning of the social system (in this case, compliance with the rules, the violation of which is detrimental, shows the consequences of non-compliance with the rules). In this capacity, morality and law, customs (B), administrative decisions, etc. (here is a list of types social norms). The action of social control is reduced mainly to the application of various sanctions. (IN) to violators of accepted social norms (it is logical that a sanction comes for violating social norms - an element of social control). At the same time, social control involves rewarding for compliance with (G) social norms (here are signs of social control - connection with sanctions - punishments for violation of norms and rewards for their observance).

Social control acts as an element of any management system (D) social process as a mechanism feedback, which ensures the execution of the commands of the governing body (here the regulatory function of social control is reflected).

Social control can be found in the earliest societies. With the development of productive forces and the division of labor, the role of social control increases, and its social structure becomes more difficult. Social institutions emerge (E) engaged almost exclusively in social control (for example, the judiciary).


Starting to complete tasks on the text 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work the text with a pencil for maximum assimilation of the content.

Proceeding from Article 27, paragraph 2, the recognition of marriage as invalid is carried out by the court. According to paragraph 4 of Article 27, a marriage is recognized as invalid from the moment of its conclusion. A marriage is called fictitious if the spouses or one of them registered a marriage without the intention of starting a family.

Title of the article: "Cases where an invalid marriage is recognized as valid."

When it is written in the task to illustrate with an example, then it is necessary to give a specific example, a life situation.

Citizen N. and citizen D., having entered into a fictitious marriage, a year later gave birth to a son K. and are jointly engaged in his upbringing, lead a joint life, have a common family budget. They attend courses for young parents (in this example, we can observe how the fictitious conditions of marriage have grown into family ones).

The law considers the conscientious spouse to be one of the spouses whose rights have been violated by the conclusion of an invalid (fictitious) marriage. If we are asked to simulate a situation, this means that we must bring concrete examples, illustrating the property rights of a conscientious spouse. Right to receive content. Citizen K., recognized by the court as a conscientious spouse after the court decision on the dissolution of an invalid (fictitious) marriage, was assigned by the court a maintenance in the amount of 30 thousand rubles a month from the person who entered into a fictitious marriage with her. Recognition of the terms of the marriage contract. After the marriage between citizen S. and citizen K. was declared invalid by the court, citizen S., recognized by the court as a bona fide spouse, was retained the right to shared ownership established under the terms of the marriage contract.

In order to answer this question, you need to understand what is the subject of family law: relations associated with marriage and termination of marriage; personal non-property and property relations between family members and here we will find a field for our assumption. Because the issues of raising children, the acquisition and division of property, and the provision of assistance to disabled family members are important here; relations arising in connection with the placement in a family of children left without parental care.

1. Equality of rights of spouses in the implementation of their interests. The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees men and women equal rights and freedoms and equal opportunities for their realization. Therefore, when concluding a marriage, the state guarantees spouses equal opportunities in the implementation of family and marriage relations. For example, conditions of marriage and circumstances preventing marriage.
2. Protecting the interests of disabled and underage family members. According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, motherhood and childhood, the family are under the protection of the state. Therefore, in case of dissolution of a marriage in which the spouses have minor children, the marriage will be dissolved in court, under the control of state power.
3. The priority of raising children. The state prioritizes the duty of parents to take care of the well-being and development of their children. In case of non-observance of the established procedure by the parents, the parents may be deprived of parental rights, here state coercion comes into force.

This task can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. A social institution is a historically established form of organization joint activities people performing socially useful functions. The main social institutions in the economic sphere are property, banks, firms. Social institutions - family, kindergarten, the school perform the most important function of social institutions - they ensure the socialization of individuals.

1. Leads to the monopolization of production as protection against competition encourages collusion and mergers. In this situation, the state can, by force of its coercion, prohibit merger agreements, adopt antitrust laws, or impose economic sanctions on monopolists.
2. Does not guarantee the solution of socio-economic problems: unemployment, inflation, the State takes measures to regulate the amount of money in circulation, sets the interest rate, investment volumes, exchange rate. All these measures are aimed at fighting inflation. To combat unemployment, the state sets the minimum wage, the length of the working day and rest time, freezes prices in order to reduce the level of social tension in society.
3. Distributes economic benefits based on the results of competition leading to social inequality. State support for small and medium-sized businesses, which will create a healthy competitive environment and many jobs, redistribution of income to eliminate excessive social inequality, leveling the level of social economic development regions.

Read each episode carefully and immediately find a fragment related to the form of the state. The head of state is elected by popular vote - we are talking about a republic. Adhering to a universally binding ideology is a sign of totalitarianism. Permanent state control over all spheres of society is a sign of totalitarianism. Extrajudicial persecution of opposition movements is a sign of totalitarianism. The state includes territories that do not have political independence - a sign of a unitary state. The components of the form of the state include: the form of government, the political regime and the state-territorial structure.

1. Form of government - republic (the Head of State is elected by popular vote);
2. Political regime - totalitarian;

The state-territorial structure is a unitary state (the State includes territories that do not have political independence).

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. Since, the plan is aimed at recreating the structure of the theme. The writing of the plan also depends on the quality of assimilation of the material of the topic, understanding of its structure. In this case, the theme of the plan is clear and transparent. We are talking about the most important social science phenomenon - socialization. It is important to reveal such a topic through the very characteristics of socialization, then show the stages of socialization, socialization agents, socialization functions, touch on the issues of resocialization and desocialization and complete the plan with a problematic issue regarding the theme of the plan.

1. Socialization as a process of assimilation by an individual of the social norms and values ​​of society necessary for a successful life in society.
2. Stages of socialization:
A) primary (socialization of the child);
B) secondary (school, university);
C) final (socialization of an adult acquiring new social roles- husband, father, grandfather
3. Socialization agents:
A) primary socialization (family, school, group of friends);
B) secondary socialization (university, army, church, media, etc.)
4. Socialization functions:
A) mastering the system of knowledge about the world, man, society;
B) gaining experience of interaction in society;
C) the assimilation of moral norms and values;
D) mastering skills, abilities, competencies
5. Processes of desocialization and resocialization.
6. The problem is the influence of the environment on the processes of socialization of a person's personality.

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your knowledge base, understand on which of the topics you have a clearer understanding of the conceptual apparatus of the topic, on which of the topics you can give examples that are most relevant to the topic.

In this case, we choose a topic from the economics section. Read the quote carefully. We understand that the problem of limited resources is immediately raised, with unlimited (endless) human needs. In fact, the main question of economics sounds - how to satisfy the unlimited needs of a person with limited economic resources. The quote touches upon another problem - the impossibility of satisfying all human needs, which means the need to make a choice in favor of the most necessary goods. So, we go to the problems of a competent consumer.

Essay writing:

In this statement, the authors raise the most important economic problem - the limited resources necessary for the production of material goods. As you know, there are very few free goods, unlimited and available to all who need them, in nature. Economic benefits - the means necessary to meet the needs of people and are at the disposal of society in a limited amount, cannot satisfy the endless human desires in full. Here we come to the main question of economic theory: how to satisfy the endless and growing needs of the population with limited material resources? The problem of limited resources leads society to the need to make a choice. The choice is made by the producers of material goods, using the necessary resources, known to us as factors of production (land, labor, capital, entrepreneurial abilities, information). Each of these production resources has its own limitations. Thus, labor, as a factor of production associated with the activities of people in the production of goods and services through the use of their physical and intellectual capabilities, skills, can be limited by the size of the working population, territorial distribution or professional competencies. It is well known that land, as a factor of production, including all types of natural resources available on the planet and suitable for the production of material goods, is limited by the natural topography, the amount of suitable land needed for agriculture, or the presence and development of minerals and their exhaustibility. Physical capital will be limited by the level of scientific and technological development of society, and money capital - by the amount of money in circulation by the state and the level of inflation. Only 13% of the world's population has entrepreneurial abilities, this shows the rarity of their talent. Information as a factor of production will be at least limited by the level of science and education in a particular economic system. In addition to the main factors of production, economic life an important role is played by such factors as the general culture of production and consumption, science, the state of morality, the level of legal awareness. The manufacturer, relying on the initial available economic benefits, taking into account the costs of production - the costs of the producer for the acquisition and use of production factors and the amount of economic profit (the difference between the total revenue of the company and economic costs), which will allow us to assess the possibility of the existence of the enterprise, will produce the product that will be the maximum beneficial to him in a competitive market.

An example is the Model N, the fifth model of the Henry Ford company, which has become a real bestseller in production and consumption. It was cheap and reliable, strong and unpretentious. In 1906, Ford managed to sell 2194 copies - a huge success by the standards of the early twentieth century. In America at that time, 485 American companies offered their products to consumers. The production technology was simple, but the average price of a car in the 1900s was $ 1,000 - fantastic money for that time. Henry Ford understood even then that the only way to win against competitors was to reduce prices. And he succeeded, Ford created not only a cheap, but also a reliable car that was in great demand among buyers. An example is the Mercedes company, which, during the global economic crisis of 2008-2010, abandoned the mass production of expensive five-door models and switched to the production of three-door models, which made it possible, first of all, to save jobs at the enterprise, not to close factories, located in the territories of other states. And save the consumer market.

Let us turn again to another part of the quote, which states that it is impossible to have everything that you want, so you have to choose. Problem economic choice important not only for the manufacturer, but also for the consumer. The willingness to acquire goods has two sides: desire and opportunity. Opportunity is associated with such an economic concept as demand - the willingness of the buyer to purchase goods and services at a certain price at a certain point in time and in certain quantities. In other words, demand expresses the relationship between the price of a good and the quantity that buyers are willing and able to buy. Non-price factors also have a great influence on the magnitude of demand. An example is the cosmetics market, which is traditionally one of the most dynamic and profitable sectors of the economy.

It is known that before the crisis of summer 1998 experts estimated the annual volume of the cosmetics market at 3 billion US dollars. After the crisis, this amount fell almost twice. However, the crisis made it possible for domestic producers to take the lead. As a result, there was an almost complete import substitution of goods of the middle price category. The non-price factor played its role here. After the crisis, domestic manufacturers were able to overcome the consumer stereotype “only imported cosmetics can be good”, offering customers a high-quality product. Today, the Russian cosmetics industry has excellent conditions for growth: the country has a developed chemical industry, a significant number of specialists and scientific laboratories. In addition, national traditions force women to spend significant amounts on maintaining beauty. The climatic conditions of Russia require special skin care, which creates additional opportunities for the manufacturer, but consumers always have the opportunity to make their choice.

* Since May 2017, the DROFA-VENTANA joint publishing group has been part of. The corporation also included the Astrel publishing house, a company for equipping educational organizations DROFA-new school equipment and LECTA digital educational platform. Alexander Brychkin, a graduate of the Financial Academy under the Government of the Russian Federation, candidate of economic sciences, head of innovative projects of the DROFA publishing house in the field of digital education (electronic forms of textbooks, Russian Electronic School, LECTA digital educational platform) has been appointed General Director. Prior to joining the DROFA publishing house, he held the position of Vice President for Strategic Development and Investments of the EKSMO-AST publishing holding. Today, the Russian Textbook Publishing Corporation has the largest portfolio of textbooks included in the Federal List - 485 titles (approximately 40%, excluding textbooks for correctional schools). The corporation's publishing houses own the most popular Russian schools sets of textbooks on physics, drawing, biology, chemistry, technology, geography, astronomy - areas of knowledge that are needed to develop the country's production potential. The corporation's portfolio includes textbooks and study guides For elementary school awarded the Presidential Prize in Education. These are textbooks and manuals on subject areas that are necessary for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial potential of Russia.

The first preliminary results of the USE 2017 in social science have been summed up. We, by tradition, invite you to familiarize yourself with the tasks that the graduates of this year had to solve, especially in the written part 2.

USE 2017 in social studies took place

And, although the full results of this season of passing the USE have not yet been summed up, we are in a hurry to acquaint the next generation of graduates who will take the USE 2018 in social science with the tasks encountered at the USE.

So, through the lips of the head of the department Kravtsov, it was announced that last year it was 17.5% of graduates, this year - 13,8%. Anyway, a lot on average one in six of those who pass, receives this “deuce” and loses the chance to enter their university.

At the same time, it should be noted that some of the graduates still had hopes to improve their score on the exam result.

Tasks of the Unified State Examination 2017 in social studies

Now I propose to look at the work of a graduate of the Far East federal district and tasks encountered in this work. Recall that we cannot show the tasks of part 1, for which the appeal is not possible. The structure of tasks corresponds

Now the graduate answer sheets themselves.

And rewards for completed tasks. It should be noted the high percentage of completion and huge losses in Total score — 63, which roughly corresponds to the national average this year, but, when competing for places on the budget of prestigious universities, it may not be profitable.

Analysis of the fulfillment of tasks of the Unified State Examination 2017

Assigned 21 to the text, everything is written out very competently, in accordance with the theory. You don't have to worry about rechecking.

Assigned 22 removed for the first position. Naturally, economic responsibility is not "... non-compliance with business ethics ...". The logic is broken, any responsibility is a measure for non-fulfillment of obligations (duties).

... legal consequences established by acts of legislation of non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment by a business entity of the prescriptions provided for by acts of legislation in the field of economic relations.

For task 23. The examples in the first and second positions are not written very correctly.

It is difficult to say for sure without the text whether the sources of economic growth themselves are written out correctly, unfortunately.

If they are written out correctly, then the examples are given CORRECTLY (!). It seems to me that 0 could be set here only if the very wording from the text was not correct. In any case, it is worth paying the attention of the members of the commission during the appeal!

Assigned 23 You CAN dispute the scores, at least ask to review and understand this task! The examples are correct!

On the 24th task. The graduate correctly writes out ways to regulate economic policy, but the examples do not contain specifics at all, which was clearly required in the conditions of the assignment. The graduate simply explains what is meant, and this will be pointed out to you.

For example, it was required to write that 1) Antimonopoly policy. For example, in the Russian Federation, the FAS structure imposed a fine on a corporationGooglefor abusing their position in the market.

You see, this is a HIGH level challenge. , AND REQUIRES DEEP KNOWLEDGE ON THE PROPOSED TOPIC. IT IS NOT SHOWN IN THE ANSWER.

It is worth paying the attention of the members of the commission during the appeal that the essence of the explanation is conveyed correctly,

BUT, WITHOUT A SPECIAL CHANCE OF SUCCESS, unfortunately ...

Assigned 25 You simply fell under the verification criterion, according to which an incorrect DEFINITION DOES NOT GIVE YOU THE POSSIBILITY to check the execution of the task further.

And indeed, the definition is not correct, because “the way to control someone, something ...” sounds extremely frivolous ... The tutor should have explained that such a vagueness in the definition is IMPOSSIBLE!

Here is a definition from my website

Here is the classic definition Max Weber:

Power- this is any opportunity, no matter what it is based on, to realize one's own will in a given social relations even in the face of opposition.

It makes no sense to appeal, verified correctly.

Assigned 26 I have big questions.

Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 81. Termination of an employment contract at the initiative of the employer

The employment contract may be terminated by the employer in the following cases:

1) liquidation of an organization or termination of activity by an individual entrepreneur;

(clause "b" as amended by the Federal Law of 30.06.2006 N 90-FZ)

I think that the graduate explained everything CORRECTLY and gave examples! Must stand maximum 3 points!

1 and 3, the explanation absolutely fell into the Law, and in the second, the liquidation of the organization was replaced by the word bankruptcy, it is explained that the company is closing ..

Article 3. Signs of bankruptcy of a legal entity

1. A legal entity is considered unable to satisfy the claims of creditors for monetary obligations, for the payment of severance benefits and (or) for the remuneration of persons working or working under an employment contract, and (or) to fulfill the obligation to pay mandatory payments, if the corresponding obligations and (or) obligation not executed by him within three months from the date when they should have been executed.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 186-FZ of June 29, 2015)

IT DOES NOT HAVE TO FIRE EMPLOYEES, but logically it is true.

27 task. IT IS ALSO ABSOLUTELY UNCLEAR WHY THE POINT WAS TAKEN.

If the concept is used correctly (I cannot understand this from the wording of the task, unfortunately), then 2-3 progress criteria for modern society(so-called humanitarian), used CORRECTLY!

The wording "level of satisfaction" is very vague, will not be credited!

The problem is that the concept of CRITERIA of progress is very vague, some researchers even believe that they are NOT (Korotaev A. V. Social evolution: factors, patterns, trends. M: Eastern literature RAN, 2003. - p.7.)

From the latest information and research:

Index social progress(The Social Progress Index) is a combined measure of the international research project The Social Progress Imperative, which measures the achievements of the countries of the world in terms of social well-being and social progress. Developed in 2013 under the direction of Michael E. Porter, Chairman of The Social Progress Imperative, Harvard University professor of strategic management and international competitiveness. The Index's editorial board includes representatives from a number of leading universities and research centers, including Harvard Business School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The index covers countries for which reliable figures are available and is based on a combination of data from public opinion polls (12%), assessments by development experts (25%) and statistical information international organizations (61%).

When determining the success of a country in the field of social progress, more than 50 indicators are taken into account, united in three main groups:

1. Basic human needs - food, access to basic health care, housing, access to water, electricity and sanitation, the level of personal security. In general, this falls under the written “satisfaction with life” (!)

2. Fundamentals of human well-being - access to basic knowledge and the level of literacy of the population, access to information and means of communication, healthcare level, environmental sustainability.

3. Opportunities for human development - the level of personal and civil freedoms, ensuring the rights and opportunities of a person to make decisions and realize their potential.

Even if the experts considered that the level of health care and mortality one follows from the other, one must pay attention to the fact that this is statistically DIFFERENT metrics the level of health development, for example, is measured by the UN by the number of doctors per 1000 people!

NEED TO APPEALS, DEMAND 1 point!

For task 28, I’m sure there is a hit in two “mandatory” points - 2, 3. It is logical that examples of positive deviant behavior should have followed in point 4, but, in any case, there are at least 2 points here.

CRITERIA IS IMPLEMENTED, THERE ARE NO ERRORS, MINIMUM 1 POINT SHOULD BE CHALLENGED!

1. "Social stratification is the actual stratification of society"

   

   An example from India was credited, although it is not very fully disclosed!

   So, let's sum up a little!

   For tasks 23, it is quite possible to ask for a review of points, I won’t say for sure without a text!

   FOR TASK 26, 27 and 28 you can get 1 point when reviewing.

   Essay 29 can put 0 and subtract 2 points.

   The result of the appeal to the exam

   What happened in the end? Like the vast majority of appeals, the appeal to the conflict commission ended in nothing, the result was abandoned. Here short story about the procedure itself:

   Evgeny Sergeevich, hello.

   We didn't "recapture" anything at all.

   There is a blank wall.

   On those questions (to which you wrote about the “uselessness” of trying) or those where you suggested that Nikita’s initial formulation was incorrect, the commission gave exactly the same arguments as you did, word for word. And according to the essay they repeated after you (that it was necessary to slap 0).

   According to 26, 27, 28, none of our arguments were taken into account and was explained by the fact that the criteria were not met.

   By the way, I have a higher legal degree and 15 years of practice, naturally got hooked on it under Art. 81 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. But there it was inflexibly stated that Nikita indicated a disciplinary violation in the third paragraph, but it was necessary to write exactly that it should be a rude one-time violation. My arguments that the child specified in brackets and revealed the meaning were ignored. When I tried to read the criteria from your tables and explain that they were met, I was told that they are different in the Far East 😳

   In general, we have what we have 😄

   In any case, I thank you very much. It's a pity that we met late. Good luck to you and all the best.

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

USE in social studies: we analyze tasks with a teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Examination in social studies, argue that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting the tasks gives a good effect when doing the work. When reading the work, emotional stress is removed, brain activity is directed to the analysis of materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for doing the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Examination in Social Studies in 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task number 1

Write down the missing word in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When performing task number 1, you need to carefully look at the name of the table. In our case, the table is called Factors of Production and Factor Income. One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial ability) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with the knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial ability, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know and full specifications all factors of production.

Task number 2

In the row below, find the concept that is generalizing for all the other concepts presented. write it down word (phrase).

State shape, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). In our version, the following are presented: the form of the state, as device the political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the way the organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is a form of government. For my students, I always strongly recommend that, in a draft, as soon as they begin to complete tasks related to the topic "Politics", draw a diagram:

This is important because, typical mistake, which graduates allow when conducting trial USE associated with confusion of concepts. And when the scheme is in front of your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the scheme, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for everyone else here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part of forms of the state and the republic, as one of the types of form of government.

Correct Answer: State.

Task number 3

Below is a list of features. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. the complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of authors to embody their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strong commercial focus;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. requirement for special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “drop out” of the general series, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When performing task number 3, we pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, it is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is considered in the topic "The spiritual sphere of society." The generic concept is "Culture". In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of an elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the desire of the authors to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement for special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready for the perception of Schnittke's musical works, the analysis of highly intellectual literary works Kafka? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared for the perception of complex works. Elite culture is not looking for commercial gain, it is important for authors to express themselves and search for new forms in art.

Two characteristics left out of our attention: entertainment and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics of mass culture. Therefore, in this case, we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task number 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world isolated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of uniting people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 4, we must find judgments about society and public institutions. Here one cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; "social institution", as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main areas of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from the lowest to the highest. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to obsolete structures and relationships, which are the qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of "society" in a broad sense, and therefore is true. It lacks "consisting of individuals with consciousness and will."

The fourth proposition is correct. In the course of socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions set patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is not correct. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is practically impossible to apply the concepts of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It suffices to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of "a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it."

Thus, the following statements will be correct: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task number 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task number 5 refers to the topic "Activities". Types (forms of activity) are considered: game, teaching, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to learning (AT 3). And none of the types (forms) of activity can do without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on the exchange of information reflect the essence of communication. (G 1, D 1). Just remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

With the seeming ease of tasks, it is important not to rush, to conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task number 6

Students conducted a study of motives learning activities elementary school students. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level scientific knowledge. write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. promotion and substantiation of hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixing generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object under study

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6, they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - "science", recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and spread the methods related to each level. Remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects under study, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

So we found the right answers: 1, 4, 6

Task number 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main issues of the economy are decided by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The stimulus for the activity of enterprises in a market system is profit.
5. The characteristics of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 7 aims us at the knowledge of the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate who wants to get a high score on the exam.

So let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are told in the judgment that the command economy. This is not true, also because the command economy is dominated by state ownership, as well as the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. So the second statement is also wrong. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task number 8

Establish a correspondence between examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each item given in the first column, select the appropriate item from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the financial literacy of the graduate, namely, knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The task defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by levels:

Thus, in our task, we again apply the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the foundations of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task number 9

Firm Y is a tailoring studio for wedding dresses. Find examples of firm Y's short run variable costs in the list below and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. interest expense on a previously taken loan
2. expenses for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. cost of paying piecework wages to employees
4. studio space rent
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 9 requires knowledge of the topic "Firm" and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profits. The assignment should clearly state the company's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete the task without error, it is also necessary to remember that variable costs change when the volume of production changes.

A firm's credit history will always be a fixed cost, so the first option is not correct. But the acquisition of fabrics, threads, accessories refers to consumables, which means variable costs, as well as payment of piecework wages to employees, in contrast to salaries, which are fixed costs of the company. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs of any company. And here is the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) - will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in educational and methodical complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook deals with the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings "Think, compare, draw conclusions", "Check our knowledge", "Research, design, discuss, argue".

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the relevant market: the supply line S moved to a new position S 1 . (P- price; Q- quantity.)

Which of the following factors can cause such a change? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. an increase in the cost of upholstery materials for chairs
2. increase in the wages of workers in enterprises that produce chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for the frame of chairs
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what they are asking: about a change in the magnitude of demand or the magnitude of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that the supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that the change in supply is affected by the cost of production factors, technology, government tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer is that an increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs will just help to reduce the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in the wages of workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time lowers the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But the increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, an increase in the cost of consumables, electricity tariffs, wages of workers will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Horizontal mobility implies a transition to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. The personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the volume of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task No. 11, we proceed from the knowledge of the concepts of "social stratification" and "social mobility", the criteria for social stratification, and the types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves the transition from one social group to another, located on the same rung of the social ladder. Therefore, the first statement is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. The personal qualities of a person are not a criterion of social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct because sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the revolution of 1917, there was a shift in the position of social groups.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

In the course of sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which of the directions of the youth policy of the state do you consider the most important?”

The results of the surveys (in % of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list of conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram, and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The share of those who note the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal proportions of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of providing access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of educational work.
4. In country Y, equal proportions of respondents point out the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support as the most important is larger in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 12, you need to carefully read the conditions of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important areas of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows the data for these countries. Before reading the presented judgments, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each of the countries, the leading position was taken by the answer “provision of social support”. Further, in country Z, the position “carrying out educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “providing access to decision-making ...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “providing access to decision-making ...” and “creating conditions for self-expression”. After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the diagram data demonstrate this position. The second judgment is not correct, since there are more people in country Z who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also true, we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally the same.

The fifth judgment is not true, this is clearly seen in the diagram. The figures show the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task number 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. The environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of a state of any type is the implementation of the principle of separation of powers in it.
3. The state has the monopoly right to legally apply coercion by forces of law enforcement and security agencies.
4. The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of state bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

Performing task number 13, it is important to remember the concept of "state", its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a sign of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the judgment “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of countries' environmental security" is correct. The second judgment is not true, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition “the state has the monopoly right to lawfully apply coercion by the forces of law enforcement and security” in fact, sends us to the most important feature of the state - the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state "determining the general direction of the state's economic policy." The fifth judgment brought together two features of the state: law-making and a system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public authority (we are talking about state authorities). We read: "The state creates normative And institutional framework for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to which these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the appropriate position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

For the correct fulfillment of task No. 14, it is necessary to know the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of power in the Russian Federation. To begin with, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the delimitation of powers are implemented, which is what we are asked about. Earlier, we saw the separation of powers when doing the task about taxes. You need to remember what is in the exclusive competence of the federal authorities: all issues international relations, defense and security, judiciary, federal property, etc.

The first competence is the issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is under joint control A 2. Those. it is a question on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. So, it would be correct to attribute to the same position “implementation of measures to combat disasters” AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions D and E are within the exclusive competence of the federal authorities, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task number 15

In the democratic state Z, in the course of the reform of the electoral system of parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens from the age of 18, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret ballot procedure
4. single-member district voting
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes
6. the possibility of nominating independent non-partisan candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems, their reform, but about elections as a whole(topic "Political participation"). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first proposition is correct. The second judgment relates us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct, one of the principles is also presented - secret ballot.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate districts sends us to the organization of the electoral process under the majoritarian system, as opposed to proportional, where the state acts as a single constituency. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by the party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task number 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question number 16 again brings us back to the foundations of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our task asks about the political rights that ensure citizens' participation in the implementation of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to state bodies is correct, participating in the management of state affairs through one's representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, defense of the Fatherland are among the constitutional duties of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task number 17

Select the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers under which they are listed.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. Marriage is suspended due to the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased.
3. Marriage is concluded in the civil registry offices (ZAGS).
4. The legal regime of property of the spouses is established only by the marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we single out the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is a marriage concluded in the registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little, it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to get a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, termination of marriage. In our task, it is formulated: the marriage is suspended as a result of the announcement by the registry office of one of the spouses as deceased. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options send us to the property rights and obligations of the spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the junction of constitutional obligations and family law: parents are obliged to provide maintenance for their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of property of the spouses is established only marriage contract. This is not true, because Not only marriage contract, but also the norms of family law, i.e. The legal regime of the property of the spouses is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task number 18

Establish a correspondence between examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.

Task number 18 is related to legal liability. When completing a task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. The warning refers to the type of administrative punishment - B 3. Dismissal on relevant grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated non-fulfillment of labor duties by an employee, etc.) - AT 2. Notice - disciplinary action G 2. Deprivation of liberty - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task number 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery. Find in the above list the features of the difference between a joint-stock company and other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. write down numbers under which they are listed.

• division of the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• obligatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• duty of employees to observe labor discipline
• distribution of profit among employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of loss within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task number 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, highlight the distinctive features of a joint-stock company. We recall that joint-stock companies, like limited liability companies, are business companies. These are commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activities is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Members can be citizens legal entities and public law entities. Therefore, answer option 1 - "dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is framed by a security" will be correct. It is known that the shareholders are not liable for the obligations of the JSC, but they bear the risk of losses on the activities of the company within the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 - "carrying the risk of loss within the value of securities owned by the participant" (share - security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 - "payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year." 2 and 3 judgments - "mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees", "the duty of employees to observe labor discipline" refer to the general places of the Labor Law. But "the distribution of profits among employees in accordance with their labor participation" is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a "production cooperative" (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task number 20

Read the text below with a number of words missing. Choose from the proposed list of words that you want to insert in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively explores and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________ (A). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (C), cognizes and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________ (D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries _________ (E) for his choice.

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose sequentially one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below lists the letters that represent the missing words. Write in the table under each letter the number of the word you have chosen.

When completing task number 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and substitute the words yourself, in your opinion, suitable in meaning. Thus, a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, choose the words from the list. You will have a situation of success when your chosen words match those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then choose from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a person is formed - in society. What a person does - transforms the world and himself). This is a person with his socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, during which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the outside world). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social ties, a person's relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized aspiration (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, to any experience (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person's life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).

Part 2

Read the text and do tasks 21-24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that volume) which could be claimed...

Cyclical unemployment is related to fluctuating demand for labor force. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business activity recovers. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those employed in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs, and those who are currently unemployed due to moving from one place to another, are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered an inevitable but still acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, employees will move from place to place.

Structural unemployed people find it difficult to get a job due to insufficient or no longer sufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment, the structural unemployed remain disproportionately unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing challenge, most survivors say they have experienced despair, powerlessness, and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for more than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main, and often the only means of providing for material needs in food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Studies show that those who do not like their work still prefer to keep it even when it is possible to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse effects, being out of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

Starting to complete tasks on the text 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen for maximum assimilation of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, with a cursory reading, look for answers. As a rule, this practice leads to erroneous answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task number 21

How does the text indicate the impact of the recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A downturn is a cyclical downturn in business that causes people to lose their jobs for a period until demand picks up again and business picks up.” Those. demand for labor fluctuates.

Task number 22

Task number 22 is also best done in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the qualifications and professional training of the individual, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could receive by performing that work (and in that amount) for which I could apply…”

Suggest why some workers settle for part-time employment (make two suggestions). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write down each assumption on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using text. We do not provide examples because it is not specified in the task.

Answer: employees agree to part-time employment, because it is important for a person to feel significant, necessary. Even part-time employment gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and makes it possible to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time employment, because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to save their lifestyle.

Task number 23

The author notes that "even during periods of high employment among the structural unemployed, disproportionately high unemployment persists." Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author gives us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficiently high or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the assignment requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the course of social science we know that structural unemployment is associated with the impossibility of finding employment for people of certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand on the labor market (examples are not required in the assignment, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination of the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to refer to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of wage labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to advance at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in the specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions on labor rights or gaining benefits based on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations are prohibited or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the business qualities of the employee.

As a guarantee of non-discrimination, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated in the sphere of work to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task number 24

Why, according to the author, unemployment causes a state of despair, confusion of a person? Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and the facts of public life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person manifests itself (in this case, we must give examples, because the question sounds “facts of public life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand on the labor market. Break in employment for retraining and education. Citizen N, after being registered with the Employment Center, was sent to vocational training by profession an electrician.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for organizing self-employment. For example, after being fired from his main job at the closing of an enterprise in Moscow, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow City Employment Center, where he received advice on starting a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task number 25

What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "art"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task number 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. The artistic image can be expressed in different types arts: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person's personality.

Task number 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main obligations of the employer, enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of employees, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying the payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held liable in the form of forcing employees to pay interest in addition to their salaries.
3. Provide compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer's obligations.

Task number 27

A new political party has been registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual. The political party during the elections won the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central governments and regional offices (sign, indicates a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation is conservative);
• entered the parliament after the elections (participates in power - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to make such a conclusion.

Answer: Since it upholds the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: In terms of ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task number 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families”. Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

To write a plan for any of the social science topics, it is necessary to clearly understand the structure of the study of the topic. In fact, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, the writing of the plan also depends on the quality of mastering the material of the topic, understanding its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is "Types of families."

1. The concept of the family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this version of the plan, you may not specify)
3. Types of families by the nature of the relationship between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male dominance;
   C) economic dependence of family members on a man;
   D) rigid distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) the economic independence of women;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Current trends in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic touched upon).

When presenting your thoughts on the issue raised (marked topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge obtained during the study of the course of social science, corresponding concepts, and data social life and own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from various sources as evidence.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; but justice is the law of the life of mankind.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. "The types of business are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets." (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. "The supreme power is worthy of honor only insofar as it is a means of ensuring human rights." (A. Custin)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of law is a duty to society. He who defends his right defends the right in general. (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, this is the most important thing, but also schools that educate the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly represent the sphere of society to which the chosen topic belongs. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your "bag of knowledge", understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas, for which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we have chosen a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that the problem is immediately raised modern school, education systems. eternal question: tasks of education training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual”. I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only high level education? Or to fulfill an equally important mission - the education of the individual?

As is known from the course of social science, education is a way of becoming a person by obtaining knowledge, acquiring skills and abilities, developing creativity through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is the school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, principles of functioning, including a network educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the training period, raising the requirements for the level of qualification of teachers, using variability educational programs, lined up individual educational trajectories students, schools are equipped with modern equipment, new forms of final certification are being introduced.

As a result, we see how high school graduates demonstrate high scores on the Unified State Examination, which make it possible to take state-funded places in the leading universities of the capital. According to the results of international research presented by the HSE, in which 49 countries took part, Russian schoolchildren primary school occupy a leading position in the world in reading, mathematics and science. As well as 8th grade math. According to the researchers, this result was achieved due to the introduction of new educational standards, a system of unified state certification.

But is it enough only educational results for society and the individual? The author of the quote clearly points out to us the most important component educational process: the education of a person's personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture in order to educate a person, develop his creative abilities that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, marks, exams, there is also the richest event school life: cool watch, school festivals, trips, joint trips with classmates in Russia and other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, shows his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that the social function of education is realized. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, one can cite the favorite film from childhood, “The Eccentric of 5 B”, which vividly demonstrates how the school team, the class forms the personality of Bori. How does he learn responsibility when he is appointed counselor in grade 1.

Thus, V.V. Putin in his statement once again emphasized the importance of understanding by society and the school of the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual - education and upbringing.