Directions of the organization of tourist and local history activities. Block “Organization of tourist and local history activities of schoolchildren. To the teacher about school tourism

Tourism is a specific type of sports activity that opens up great opportunities for acquiring many important general and special knowledge for life, various motor skills, promotes health and versatile personality formation. At present, quite a lot of experience in tourist preparation has been accumulated.

Tourism - essential tool education, which, due to its diversity and versatility, opens up wide opportunities for the practical preparation of a small citizen for big life. For children, tourism is a way of active recreation, an exciting activity filled with the romance of an unusual way of life. And for teachers, it is a means, a way to better, deeper know their pupils and more actively influence their development. Tourist and local history work of young tourists is diverse in forms. The most complex, effective form of tourism and local history activities is a tourist trip.

Hiking is a wonderful means of introducing children to the system in an effortless way. social relations and their accumulation of experience in these relations, the organized assimilation of the rules and norms of human relations. Hiking and hiking help teenagers learn the universal values of life and behaviors that will help them live in peace and harmony with themselves, nature and society.

At present, the content and complexity of hikes have qualitatively changed, the number of hikes has significantly decreased, they are gradually being replaced by weekend hikes. Today, multi-day trips have become unavailable for several reasons. These are very high prices for travel to the place of travel, the high cost of food, the criminal situation in the country. The schools of the city lack the tourist equipment necessary for life in the field - tents, backpacks, sleeping bags, campfire equipment, there are not enough experienced teachers who can properly and safely conduct a tourist trip. One of the forms of tourism and local history activities are tourist competitions that contribute to the preparation of an accident-free meaningful tourist trip, checking the readiness of tourist groups. Traditionally, tourist competitions are held in two stages:

School

Urban

At each stage, the organizers face certain tasks: at the school stage, these are mainly the tasks of teaching and promoting tourism, at the city stage - identifying the strongest teams and participants, exchanging work experience. Every year, about 150 students take part in city tourist competitions. These indicators indicate that tourist competitions remain one of the most popular events for schoolchildren. Student tourist competitions are a complex event, the preparation and conduct of which requires great efforts from all organizers. City tourist competitions are of great educational value, which is reflected in the competition program, which consists of a sports part and a competitive program. The sports part includes traditional types of competitions: team and personal technique of hiking, control-tourist route, orienteering. The competitive program consists of a tourist song contest, tourist newspapers, a local history quiz and allows you to discover Creative skills participants of the competition. At city tourist competitions evenings of rest, discos, game libraries are held.

local history

The term "local history" appeared at the turn of the 20th century. Initially, there was the concept of "homeland studies", which was replaced by "homeland studies", which gradually gave way to "local studies". To study, to know the native land, the small homeland, where a person was born and raised, is the task of local history.

One of the main activities of the Station is school local history. Widespread in educational institutions received various forms of social and local history activities: associations, search teams, clubs, scientific societies of students, etc. In local history associations, students master the basics research work; get acquainted with scientific disciplines outside the framework of the school curriculum: ethnography, ecology, folklore, archeology, etc. Giving the opportunity to master the basics of these disciplines, school local history teaches students the skills of professional self-determination, self-organization and self-government. At the same time, local history and tourism activities instill in children and youth the foundations of collectivism, mutual assistance, the ability to navigate in difficult situations and find a way out of seemingly hopeless situations. Since 1993, the main form of organization of local history in the system additional education children was the Program of the tourist and local history movement of students Russian Federation"Fatherland". The program is democratic, it is open to any search and experiment, free from ideological frameworks and restrictions, which contributes to the free manifestation of creativity, both for young local historians and their teachers.

Every year, the institution conducts:

City Olympiads in school local history;

City competitions of research local history works of participants in the tourist and local history movement "Fatherland";

Reviews of museums of educational institutions.

All local history events take place in two stages:

Stage I - school olympiads, contests;

Stage II - city olympiads, competitions;

In the traditionally held regional olympiads, local history research competitions, gatherings of young tourists, a local history quiz is an obligatory stage. Local history is a sphere of active practical activity aimed at disseminating knowledge about the history of small motherland. It has become a tradition to hold competitions and reviews of museums of educational institutions.

Reviews have shown that for many years of work of museums in schools a system of patriotic and moral education of students has developed, museums are repositories of the invaluable heritage of the historical past of our Fatherland.

Local history activity is a universal tool and a proven tool in the system of spiritual and moral education, it is an effective educational tool and has a great educational potential.

The most important strategic task of the modern school is the comprehensive development of the younger generation.

Tourist and local history activity of students is one of the effective means of complex influence on the formation of their personality. In it, with the correct pedagogical construction, all the main aspects of education are formed: ideological and political, moral, labor, aesthetic, physical, the horizons of students are significantly expanding - there is an intensive mental development.

Despite the great upbringing and educational value, tourism and local history activities are less and less used at school. Despite the fact that its individual components are to some extent considered in the content training courses, this is clearly not enough to form a unified picture of the world, including the natural component. There is a need to develop holistic concept tourist and local history training of schoolchildren, filled with modern content, reflecting new scientific approaches and the requirements of life.

For a better understanding of the importance of tourism and local history activities and the need for its further development in modern school It seems to us necessary to consider each component of this type of activity separately. School local history is considered by us not only as an activity of students aimed at studying the region, but also as one of the conditions that ensure the teaching of geography on a specific life material.

This is an activity aimed at a comprehensive knowledge of the local territory. The essence of the local history principle in teaching lies in establishing a connection between the geography material studied at school with the knowledge and skills that are acquired as a result of studies of the native land. It serves as the basis for organizing all types of educational and cognitive activities of local history classes, and the local history approach is integral part way of its successful implementation. The local history principle makes it possible to build the teaching of geography according to the didactic rule: "from the known to the unknown", "from close to far".

In connection with the educational value of local history, educational local history is singled out. Work related to educational local history is carried out in the classroom and outside the classroom, for example, on a geographical site or during a study tour. The participation of schoolchildren of the whole class is mandatory in them, its content and nature are determined by the curriculum. Also, non-programmed local history is distinguished, the tasks and content of which are built in accordance with the plan. educational work schools. Schoolchildren take part in extracurricular local history on a voluntary basis. The forms of its implementation are hiking trips in one's own region, school expeditions, etc.

The next component of the TKD is tourism, which is an excellent form of implementing the local history principle in studying the basics of science. No other educational or extracurricular activity gives such an opportunity to turn a lot of abstract, "bookish" knowledge into concrete, tied to place and time.

In fact, there are “two” tourism in the school: one is mandatory for all classes (“class tourism”), but minimal in volume, the other is for travel lovers, for those who are passionate about local history, as classes in interest circles (“circle tourism”) . Both of these tourism differ in many ways: the volume of travel, regularity, complexity and variety of forms of activities, the depth of study of tourism and, of course, the contingents of children involved in tourism.

The use of TKD forms reflects the duality of tourism at school: certain forms (for example, classes in circles, participation in categorical trips, etc.) are used only for big fans of tourism, while other forms (subject to certain standards) are suitable for class tourism (for example, one-day and two-day hikes, simple competitions, seminars, local excursions, etc.).

The concept of "school tourism" is identical to the expression "tourist and local history activities at school" (TKD), which has become widespread.

Often the concept of "school tourism" is limited to a single meaning - the study of the region (local history), that is, cognition.

When local history is put at the forefront of a tourist trip (becomes its goal, task), then the strict passage of the declared route with its own content - length, a set of natural obstacles, autonomy of life support, etc. - placed in a subordinate position, ceases to be mandatory, loses priority.

Tourism by its nature is impossible without elements of knowledge of the region. It is impossible to travel without learning anything. The aphorism is fair: "Tourism is local history, but local history is not tourism."

It is quite legitimate to talk about the duality of local history at school: simple visual observations are always made on hikes, but serious, deep local history without any connection with tourism has the full right to life. There is no need to link real local history with the sports norms of hiking; it is difficult to squeeze serious search, research work into the strict framework of a sports trip. Often, both cognition and sportiness lose from this, and most importantly, children suffer from overload.

The so-called tourism and local history activities are characterized by a multi-purpose nature, a variety of forms. And this must be preserved both in the work as a whole and in particular forms of its manifestation. It is not for nothing that the tourist and local history form of work with children is called the most complex type of extracurricular educational work.

It is necessary to strive to use the whole variety of forms of tourist activities for children at school, since only in this way it is possible to better satisfy the various interests of children, involve the largest number of them in tourism, and build the so-called TKD system at school.

It is important not to forget that participation in field research requires mastering tourist techniques and tactics, so tourism becomes an inseparable part of local history. Thus, in this connection, local history provides cognitive activity and intellectual development of students, and tourism provides technical and tactical training, safety and comfort in the field. In the educational process, tourism and local history act as a single whole - tourist and local history activities.

Innovative pedagogical project

"Tourist and local history activities as the basis for the socialization of the individual and the formation of a communication culture of students, in the conditions of a comprehensive school"

Target: the formation of a planetary outlook, the need for

A healthy lifestyle as the basis of mental and moral

Personal health

Pedagogical tasks:

training, health improvement, vocational guidance, social adaptation through involvement in tourism and local history activities
correction of shortcomings traditionally established in the education system; improving the relationship between teachers and students through tourism
education of responsibility for oneself and others, mutual respect, moral and volitional qualities

1. Introduction

2.Main part:

2.1 system of tourist and local history activities at school:

Quality and quantity of tourism and local history activities

Activities aimed at the development of the tourism and local history system in general education school

2.2 social adaptation by means of tourism

2.3 maintaining and improving the physical and mental health of schoolchildren through tourism

2.4 education of morality in the lessons of tourism and after school hours

3. Dynamics of the effectiveness of the development of tourism and local history activities for the period from 2013 to 2015

4. Prospects for the development of tourism and local history activities

5. Literature

1. Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” What does human health depend on? Medical scientists have proved that if we conditionally accept the level of health as 100%, then 20% depends on hereditary factors, 20% depends on external environmental conditions, i.e. ultimately from the environment, 10% - from the activities of the health system. What about the other 50%? They, as it turned out, depend on the person himself on the lifestyle that he leads. According to Academician N.A. Amosov “... to be healthy, you need your own efforts, constant and significant. Nothing can replace them."

Unfortunately, in the hierarchy of needs, the satisfaction of which underlies human behavior health is not in the first place. This is especially true for young people who (as they themselves think) are still healthy. And therefore, the responsibility for their somatic, physical, mental and moral health lies entirely with the family and school. That is why this project is relevant, since a properly organized tourist and local history work in a secondary school can solve the problem (at least partially) of saving the health of the younger generation in the broad sense of the word.

Tourism activity solves a number of educational and educational tasks, because any kind of tourist travel from a simple excursion to a multi-day hike will certainly enrich a person with new information, develop his intellect. This property of tourism lies on the surface, it is obvious, indisputable and does not require proof. It is absolutely true that pedagogy primarily uses the information content of tourism. It is especially necessary to highlight the activation of the analytical abilities of students. Analytical thinking can develop only on the basis of a large stock of impressions and observations that provide material for comparison.

Regular classes in tourism and local history form the spiritual image of a person, his character, life guidelines, attitude to other people, to nature, to work, to the Motherland. At the same time, there is an awakening of the aesthetic sense of beauty, an aesthetic attitude to the world around. To cultivate such feelings, vivid impressions are needed, which tourism provides in abundance. The richer the world surrounding the child, the richer and more diverse his personality.

The richness of impressions gives rise to a feeling of the fullness of life, the enjoyment of it. The opinion of the great Russian teacher K.D. Ushinsky “... call me a barbarian in pedagogy, but I learned from the impressions of my life a deep conviction that a beautiful landscape has such an educational influence on the development of a young soul, with which it is difficult to compete with the influence of a teacher, that a day spent by a child among groves and fields, when his a kind of intoxicating fog takes possession of his head, in the warm moisture of which his young heart opens up in order to carelessly and unconsciously absorb thoughts and germs of thoughts pouring from nature in a stream that such a day is worth many weeks spent on the training bench.

It is difficult to overestimate the health-improving value of tourism. What could be more natural than movement, physical labor in natural environment! On tourist routes, the foundations of a healthy lifestyle and the desire for physical perfection are laid.

The impact on the mind, body and soul of a growing person cannot be carried out sequentially: first, polish one facet, then the other, and finally the third. The processing process goes in all directions at the same time, and this versatile, complex impact on the personality of the child is the main and unconditional advantage of pedagogically competently organized tourist and local history work.

At present, when the school has practically withdrawn from the upbringing of the younger generation, leaving itself only the function of education, tourism and local history activities can help close this gap. Moreover, the educational role of tourism is not only in a beneficial effect on children, but also in the formation of more democratic, creative relationships between teachers and students, in the development of pedagogy of cooperation.

2.1 The system of tourist and local history activities at school

A teacher who knows tourism and loves it, first experiences delight, a state of euphoria from the magnificent pedagogical opportunities that open up in tourism. Having calmed down a little, the teacher begins to look at the matter more calmly. And ... asks the question: - "why am I alone?". How to tear educators away from their chairs - their main pedagogical platform?

Many are struggling with this issue - both administrators, and ordinary teachers, and employees of educational authorities, and figures in institutions of additional education. And in search of truth, enthusiasts of school tourism often use the term - the system of tourist and local history activities. What characterizes and what does the system look like - “this harmonious row”, this “whole, constituting a set of parts connected by a common function”? It is not specifically mentioned anywhere, but you cannot work without understanding the main thing.

Any system - a harmonious series of parts that form a whole - is characterized by the following categories:

functional purpose (purpose);
content and essence (what it consists of, what is the main content);
qualitative and quantitative side;
self-development (consistency, gradation, self-regulation);
the "area" to which it applies (i.e. prevalence, coverage of objects).

In our case, the goal of creating a system of tourist and local history

activities, as we have already found out, iscreating conditions for attracting as much as possible more students to engage in tourism as a means of educating a physically, mentally and morally healthy person.

The forms of work at school, which make up the content of tourism and local history activities, are: tourism lessons, excursions, walks, hikes, multi-day trips and expeditions, children's associations, clubs, competitions, rallies, competitions, exhibitions, museums, lessons, seminars, tourist camps, training camps, profile shifts. This variety of forms provides complex character in training, education, health improvement, vocational guidance.

Not all parts are equal. A group of six most important elements should be singled out: hikes, walks, excursions, expeditions, rallies, competitions. It is they who form the backbone, the main core of the content of tourism and local history activities.

But the essence of tourism work, its main link, the grain without which there is no tourism, is a trip. Only hike, is the most complex form tourism, which allows one-time achievement of the goals that are set in tourism and local history activities.

Quality and quantity of tourism and local history activities

The qualitative side of tourism and local history activities can be easily determined by finding out what unsystematic is. This is obviously the destruction of the whole, the fragmentation of its parts, i.e. such a state of work when only separate parts are realized, only one or two, three forms out of many are used and without a productive connection between them.

For example, the school hosts hikes and tourist competitions, but there is no local history work, or vice versa - there is a stream on local history, a museum is being created, conferences are held, but there are almost no hikes or they go beyond local history, with search topics.

The concept of a tourism system must be approached dialectically, given that it must develop from scratch, passing through all stages of its development.

So we found out the qualitative side of the content of tourism and local history activities, now we need to understand the quantitative side of the matter.

How many hours are required for tourism at school?

This issue is better considered in relation to the dominant tourist and local history activities - hiking. The order of the Ministry of Education No. 190 contains a soft slogan wording “To make wider use of tourism, local history, excursions in the educational process. Conduct regular hikes and excursions. But what should be their regularity? The total number of trips conducted by the school does not fully determine the level of development of children's tourism in the school. There is no such direct proportional relationship: the more trips, the higher the level. There can be many hikes, but they are all one-day, sedate, here we can’t talk about a high level. Such indicators are a sure sign of the absence of sectional education in the school. circle work At school. Here, schoolchildren are deprived of prospects, they go on small trips from year to year, their skills, tourist experience do not grow, their tourist interests are artificially curtailed.

The opposite pattern is often observed when the school hosts field trips. high complexity and there are many of them, but even this picture does not fully reveal the level of development of tourism in the school, because in such indicators the usual situation is masked: one or two teachers go hiking intensively with their classes (circles), and no one else goes. The actual enrollment of students is 30-40 people. It is clear that there is no mass tourist work at the school.

The main thing in determining the quantitative side of the matter: we need a complex - the number, diversity and coverage of children by trips. The higher the coverage, the higher the level of development of the system of tourism and local history activities.

Of course, every child needs tourism, but to a different extent. Here it is necessary to divide tourism into two branches: small tourism (mass tourism) and large tourism (amateur tourism).

"small tourism" - for a large number of students;
"big tourism"- for a small number of students.

Small tourism	big tourism
Lessons One day trips Excursions school competitions School tourist rally Creative contests Local history conferences	Extracurricular work (classes in a section or association) Multi-day trips Practical exercises on the ground Tourist competitions of the regional, regional federal level Regional tourist rally Local history events of the regional, regional, federal level

A balance of mass and amateur tourism is needed. Both directions are closely interconnected, complement and mutually support each other: mass tourism feeds amateur tourism, and qualified tourists strengthen and develop mass tourism.

Everything is good in moderation. It is necessary to go from children, from their interests, hobbies, inclinations. It is necessary to understand what is the attitude of real schoolchildren to tourism and local history. I will cite the data of a sociological survey I conducted, after the first one-day trip in groups of classes from 5th to 7th (137 people), four groups are clearly visible in them. However, the first even before the campaign reveals itself.

Number of students	Participation in hikes	Attitude (motives, reasons)
	Almost never involved	Not interested in tourism, has other hobbies. Afraid of hiking, dislikes sports hikes. Parents do not allow. Health does not allow.
	Participates rarely	Participates at the request of the teacher, obeys the order, the general will of the class. Participates from "herd" motives. Goes camping without interest, has other hobbies.
	Participates frequently	Participates with pleasure, but is only interested in the outer side of the matter - the romance of adventure. Parents even encourage (there are trips with parents, relatives). He has no deep creative interest in tourism. His "joy tomorrow" does not lie in this area
	almost always involved	Tourism is the main hobby. He sees a vital interest in him, dreams of ranks, the title of master of sports, dreams of becoming a scientist - a traveler, a discoverer. It finds its “face” in tourism. In the class it can be lagging behind, in the campaign - leading.

And here are the results of the same group of students after a year and a half of work at the school of the tourist circle for groups of classes and introduction to educational process tourism lessons, as the third hour in physical education.

Is this not the real result of the work on the prevention of neglect and delinquency. At our school on currently The class-lesson form of tourism classes covers students from the second to the ninth grade, tourism lessons are conducted as the third hour of physical education. According to the curriculum, in autumn and spring, off-site lessons are held in orienteering and tourism techniques.

The "production" of tourism must be balanced with its "consumption", more precisely, with the needs of students. But it should be remembered that with an increase in the level of tourist and local history work, the need for tourism also increases in children - appetite comes with eating. The interests of children are rapidly developing: for some, a one-day trip is enough, and for some, for the first category of difficulty, give the second, so tourist associations should work at school - an important component of the system of tourism and local history activities, without it it is impossible to build an integral system and therefore fully implement the idea of the widespread use of tourism and local history in the educational process.

Schools should pay special attention to the most ardent supporters of tourism and organize them into associations in which future sportsmen, instructors, organizers and propagandists of tourism will grow up. The asset of avid tourists is a catalyst for the formation of tourism and local history activities; without it, the system will suffocate with stagnation.

The work of the circle should be designed for several years. One of the main long-term tasks of the association is the education of a tourist asset - instructors, guides, judges, guides. The asset undertakes the maintenance of class tourism and school-wide tourist and local history events, i.e. "production" of tourism.

Not every schoolchildren comes to the association in order to help the leader in educating the youth. Children come to the association to have fun, and each to his own. They come to "consume" tourism, "production" is of little interest to them. The task of the teacher is to gradually form deeper interests, to help the children formulate the goal of the common cause, which should be born in the team itself, and not be brought from the outside in finished form.

In the work of the association, it is important to properly organize search and research activities: collecting information about the proposed travel area, studying documents, maps. The result of the hike can be an exhibition, an exposition, an ecological trail. Children need to develop sportsmanship, that is, the ability to overcome natural obstacles in hikes, difficult technical distances in competitions.

An indicator of skill are badges and ranks, titles. Encouraging the desire for the heights of tourist sportsmanship, one should celebrate not the victories and categories themselves, but what stands behind them: overcoming oneself, diligence, perseverance, perseverance. Develop a cult of useful activity, good deeds.

Collective victories are very important both for the group in general and for each child in particular. This affects the cohesion of the group. This is not only psychological compatibility, friendship, it is a safety factor, both in the sense of the absence of conflicts, and in the sense of passing difficult sections on the route.

It is very important that the achievements of the school tourism association be known at school, it works not only for the authority of the team and the leader, but also encourages the desire to achieve the heights of tourism mastery, fosters contempt for empty rest, bivouac decay.

Activities aimed at development

tourist and local history system in a secondary school

1. Organizational direction

TKD planning.
Preparation and conduct of school-wide affairs (mass trips, rallies, competitions, excursions, conferences, tourist holidays, etc.).
Registration of badges, ranks, categories.
Communication with organizations and institutions.
Work on the creation and use of the material base.
Accounting for tourism work.

2. Campaign direction

Issue of wall newspapers, posters, leaflets on TKD issues
The study of public opinion among schoolchildren, parents, teachers.
Conduct class discussions.

3. Educational and methodological direction

Creation of a tourist office or a methodical corner.
Collection and maintenance of the library.
Creation and work of associations of young tourists.
Personnel training.
Development of manuals, manuals.

4. Local history direction

Preparation (reconnaissance of routes) of hikes and excursions.
Creation of a fund of topographic maps.
Shooting movies and videos, slides.
Creation of a local history corner.
Acquisition of a library of reports on conducted campaigns.
Development of tasks for participants of campaigns and expeditions.
Checking the readiness of groups for trips

2.2 Social adaptation through tourism

In the process of tourism and local history activities, the sphere of communication of students is expanding, the acquisition of social interaction skills, the accumulation of positive experience of behavior, favorable conditions are created for the formation moral qualities personality. First of all, it is collectivism, responsibility, mutual assistance and mutual assistance.

An important advantage of active forms of tourism and local history activities is to overcome the gap between knowledge about the norms of behavior and the practice of applying them in a hostel. In a tourist trip, the gap between ideological and moral ideas and the practice of behavior is eliminated, the formation of moral convictions becomes more effective, since the activity is accompanied by the proper educational impact, and the accumulation of positive experience of behavior occurs in the process of useful activity.

Pedagogical theory knows how important one's own experience is for the education of the mind and character. But very often pedagogical practice does not want to risk its reputation. For her, calm forms of work that do not require unnecessary trouble and risk are preferable, and she leaves priority to the verbal method of raising children. Although the educational role of conversations and films, lessons of courage and meetings with interesting people, trainings and evenings is not small, they cannot give the desired results, because here everything is verbal, bookish, and is not supported by one's own experience of self-action. Raising patriotism, courage and courage only in this way, we can get the opposite result, when, according to A.S. Makarenko "... you bring up a cynical observer, for whom someone else's feat is only an object for staring."

A camping trip allows each participant to be placed in unique, from the point of view of education, conditions, when abstract ideas

the norms of the hostel acquire a very specific rigidly conditioned reality. Here, in a natural way, a very important environment for teachers arises - responsible interdependence. Understanding the elementary universal rules of interdependence of people from the field of abstract knowledge moves to the field of concrete actions. The personality of the child is enriched with an understanding of himself as a specific person, capable of causing other people joy or misfortune by his actions.

Modern schoolchildren are constantly in the position of wards. But science has proven the opposite: for a full-fledged development, a person necessarily needs a deficit of life's blessings, some discomfort in living conditions.

The need arises only in a situation of high tension, between needs and opportunities, in a situation of deprivation. This is where that valuable situation for pedagogy arises, when a person needs (really needs!), But in order to satisfy the need, he must work. In the difficult conditions of camp life, in a situation of deprivation of the usual comfort, work becomes the only means of satisfying the numerous “musts”. Unfortunately, the label “the best vacation” has long stuck to tourism. Meanwhile, children's tourism is a magnificent, miraculous means of educating industriousness. During the campaign, the children actually enter into a kind of new socio-economic formation, where everyone quickly understands: in order to live, one must work. In fact, this is a team for the production of their own life's goods, but not for the sake of the goods themselves, but in the name of achieving common goals, voluntarily set and agreed upon among themselves.

Examples of acquired skills in practical classes or on hikes

Chapter

Acquired Skill

Tourist life

Requirements for a bivouac site.

Equipment for the organization of tourist life.

Ways to store kitchen and fire utensils.

Rules for the transportation of gas equipment.

Rules for packing and transporting products.

Choosing a place for a bivouac.

Equipment for cooking and eating.

Preparation and packaging of food for the purpose of transportation over long distances.

Breeding a fire in any field conditions.

Harvesting firewood work with a saw and an ax.

Work with gas burners in high altitude conditions.

Cooking on a fire and gas burners.

Installation of tents of various modifications in the forest, on rocky areas, on ice.

The world opens up to a child in all its diversity only if he is given the opportunity to himself on the basis of his knowledge, his life experience make decisions and take responsibility for them. V. P. Vakhterov at the beginning of the 20th century derived a clear formula: “A student develops when he himself acts. And thinks, and feels, and acts. Remove at least one link from here, and development will disappear, and degeneration will begin.

The right to decide is a binding right. Each decision entails responsibility, the decision maker understands that there is a possibility of error. And a person is accustomed to self-control and balance, to the verification of ideas by practice.

A person is known to the end, in the hour of deprivation. But this minute, this moment is the beginning of something new. This hour of testing is a stage in the development of man. At this moment, it is created by circumstances - it crystallizes, polishes, develops in one direction or another.

Tourist and local history activity is an effective preventive measure of deviant behavior of students, which in today's socio-economic conditions is manifested in the mass phenomena of drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, dromania.

2.3 Improving the physical and mental health of schoolchildren through tourism

Currently, it is customary to distinguish four components of health:

Somatic - the state of human organs and systems;
Physical - the level of growth and development of organs and systems of the body - the basis of which is morphological and functional reserves;
mental health- the state of the mental sphere, - the basis of which is the state of spiritual comfort. This state is due to both biological and social needs, as well as the ability to satisfy them;
moral health- a complex of characteristics of the motivational and need-informative spheres of life, the basis of which is the system of values, attitudes and motives for the behavior of an individual in society. It is associated with universal human concepts of goodness, love and beauty.

In a simplified and at the same time in a generalized form, we can assume that the criteria for health are:

for somatic and physical health - I can;
for the mental I want
for the moral I must.

How are these components of health implemented in tourism classes?

Any tourist and local history activity involves serious physical activity. The optimal mode of physical activity, the beneficial effects of nature, compliance with the rules of hygiene, rational nutrition - all this contributes to the physical development of schoolchildren.

Factors of constant movement, physical activity in combination with natural factors plus the factor of discomfort, the need to be content with little, endure inconvenience, deprivation - these are the usual components of a hiking trip. The conditions of the trip do not allow the body to relax, mobilize it, open up opportunities that the child did not even suspect before. In the campaign, the geographic environment acts as a rival, nature itself becomes the main assistant to the teacher in education. physical qualities schoolboy. Regardless of his consciousness and desire, the thermoregulatory apparatus is trained, the body's defenses are stimulated, and sensitivity to the harmful effects of the external environment is reduced. Prolonged exposure to fresh air increases metabolic processes, acts on the vessels and nerves of the skin, stimulates brain activity, improves heart function, and increases the overall tone of the body.

On the basis of 4 years of observation of students involved in tourism in the classroom and after school hours, the facts of improving well-being, increasing the volume of the chest, reducing the frequency of breathing and increasing the backbone are confirmed. An analysis of the initial and repeated data showed that the volume of the lungs in boys increased by 100 mm, in girls - by 120 mm.

At a superficial glance, it seems that the passage of the intended route is an "empty step" that has nothing to do with the intellectual development of a person. But this is not so either. Another founder of the scientific system physical education in Russia P.F. Lesgaft proved that mental development is directly related to his physical development, physical movement and thought are directly dependent.

When modern pedagogy realizes the importance of physical movements for the development of the mind, then it will receive in tourism a new, more powerful means of influencing the development of the student. “Only a wide and versatile life of the body in all the variety of its perceptions that it delivers to the brain can give a wide and energetic life to the brain itself,” wrote V. Veresaev.

It is impossible to argue with the fact that hiking, excursions, outdoor training have a huge psychotherapeutic effect. Even one-day hikes relieve nervous tension, psychophysical functioning is restored, the body easily accepts physical, intellectual and emotional stress.

More than once, teachers have heard that on Monday after a one-day hike, even the most motoric of children “become somehow different, look more calm and reasonable.”

Vivid impressions and positive emotions are also important, with which tourist trips are saturated: what delight the guys get from the snow in the July heat, and the clouds under their feet.

As noted above, the mental health of an individual depends on the ability to meet needs. The mass school is focused on meeting the cognitive need. While the activity of the child is organized as the satisfaction of many other leading needs of self-development of the individual.

A.A. Ukhtomsky defines activities, including tourism and local history, as a testing ground for successful, productive independent activities in the entire spectrum of personal needs. Tourist and local history activities provide practical training for independence, experience of success and convince the child of the great possibilities of his personality. The child develops a positive “I am a concept” (I am able, I am capable, I am needed, I create, I am free, I choose).

Tourist and local history activities have a lot of opportunities to meet the needs of the individual, both social and spiritual. Tourism enables the child to realize his many "self".

Self-improvement - through work and sports training;
Self-affirmation - through victory over an opponent;
Self-respect - through victory over yourself;
Self-expression - through creativity, love, beauty;
Self-determination - through the study of oneself and the world around;
Independence - through freedom, independence;
Self-realization - through the achievement of goals through the use of one's potential, all the possibilities received from nature and acquired in experience.

The mechanism of needs is so great that if they are not satisfied in the progressive sphere of development, then they turn to the negative (antisocial behavior, the desire for power, money, fame, even through deceit, etc.).

2.4 Education of morality in the lessons of tourism and after school hours

In a campaign, expedition, at competitions, the objective conditions of reality create real opportunities for the formation of conscious behavior of a sense of responsibility and duty. Objective conditions make it possible to form moral convictions in their highest manifestation - the unity of the intellect, emotions, feelings, behavior and activity.

When a children's hiking group moves away from civilization. The participants of the campaign very quickly come to the understanding that now they can only rely on their own strength and the help of their comrades, and their childish carelessness as if removed. Each of the guys understands that the well-being of the whole group, and each one individually, depends on the actions of each of them.. In autonomous conditions, cooperation becomes a necessary means of survival. Discipline in a campaign is not blind obedience, but a conscious, active desire of each participant to fulfill his duty to the team. Social significance, common goals and objectives of the team cement relations in the group. If the school forms moral relations, then tourist and local history activities serve as the basis for fixing them in actions. The campaign reveals the main moral aspect of a growing person - a combination of personal and collective. Here such moral and volitional qualities as honesty, courage, determination, discipline, organization, adherence to principles, kindness, responsiveness and comradeship are tested.

The study of the native land, local history observations and research, bring up love for the motherland. Is it because many of our compatriots are striving to leave their homeland because they do not know it. Properly organized tourism makes it possible to develop the aesthetic tastes of schoolchildren, their sense and understanding of beauty, contributes to the formation of patriotism, a high sense of citizenship.

An integral part of tourism and local history work is environmental education, which begins with communication with nature. It's complex psychological process. K.D. Ushinsky wrote: “... in a person’s love for his native places, a deep, full, thoughts and feelings voice is manifested. native nature". Nature awakens humane feelings and aspirations in children, teaches them to perceive the harmony of life. In 2014, the school became the city's experimental site for environmental education and education of students, in the framework of the work on the experiment, tourism and local history work is given the leading role.

Dynamics of the effectiveness of the development of the system of tourist and local history work at school for the period from 2013 to 2015

In nature, there is not a single object or phenomenon that would be at rest - everything is in development. And any system, including the system of work, must develop and be dynamic, otherwise it will gradually die.

Yu.S. Konstantinov, director of the Federal Central Children's and Youth Theater Institute, offers the following system for assessing tourism and local history activities at school:

mass tourism

Levels	Average number of trips per class	Participation of classes in trips	Hiking coverage for children	Tourist icons	Mass tourist Events
Short	less than one	Separate classes participate	About 10%	Units	No
Average	Up to 2	With rare exceptions, all classes were once on a hike (on a walk)	About 30%	Around 5%	One school tourist gathering of the year, tourist evening
High		All classes were held 2-3 trips	Less		Tour camp, rally with a wide program of competitions, tourism office
Higher		All classes at least 3 hikes and walks	Near	Over 50%	Camp in winter and summer, 2 rallies, camp site, museum, tourism office

Amateur tourism

Levels	Number of circles	Number of complex hikes	Qty arresters	Preparation personnel
Short	No	1-2 trips of the 3rd degree	No	No
Average		3-5 power 1-2 trips I class		Random units prepared outside of school
High	At least two Different profile by types of tourism and local history	Many power several categorical (including II category)	Not less than	Seminar for junior instructors. Seminar great travel organisers.
Higher	School travel club, circles in classes of all parallels	Power by the number of classes. Category hikes incl. III class	About 20%	School of junior instructors, judges, guides; seminar of class travel organizers.

In accordance with this level system, at the moment the system of development of tourism work at school can be attributed to the average level, both in the field of mass and amateur tourism, while in 2011 it was at a low level.The positive dynamics can be seen most clearly since 2013, which was affected byimprovement of MTB, the introduction of tourism lessons in syllabus schools, a system for conducting weekend trips.

For the successful continuation of the development of the system of tourism and local history activities, it is necessary to develop external relations of school tourism with various institutions and organizations: territorial centers for youth tourism, museums, societies, environmental and environmental organizations, newspaper editorial offices, higher educational institutions, various societies and clubs.For a number of years, our school has been successfully and productively cooperating with the Regional Center for Ecology of Tourism and Local Lore and its branch in Pyatigorsk, where training sessions are held in tourist equipment and orienteering, and active recreation for children is organized. In 2014, 16 weekend hikes were held, 3 multi-day hikes, of which two hikes of the II degree of difficulty and one hike of the I category of complexity in the Western Caucasus, 8 school competitions in tourist equipment, orienteering, rock climbing. The work, organized in this way, brought its results:

Team second place in the competition "Multi-day hiking trip" at the gathering of young tourists-local historians of the Stavropol Territory

Team second place in the competition "Orienteering" at the gathering of young tourists-local historians of the Stavropol Territory

Victory in the individual championship (II and III places) in competitions for the Cup of the Stavropol Territory in orienteering

prospects

A sign of a high degree of development of the system of tourist and local history activities is its openness - going beyond the school. This is work in the city system. Cooperation with other schools, institutions of additional education, holding tourist meetings for schoolchildren and teachers, organizing competitions, conferences, summer tourist camps, seminars, training courses and activists.

We have more work to do!

III. By the nature of the organization

II. On a territorial basis (the scale of the region).

I. According to the direction and nature of the activity.

1. Walks- the simplest short-term form of tourism accessible to the general public (walking, skiing, cycling, boating) for the purpose of healing, hardening the body.

2. Excursions- collective visits to any object with scientific or learning goal, for general and cultural development.

3. Expedition- an organized multi-day exploratory trip in order to study any objects (geographical, geological, local history, historical, etc.).

4. Hike- travel with an active mode of movement in areas remote from the place of residence. Depending on the goals, trips can be: 1) educational - aimed at studying their region (district, region): relief, climate, flora and fauna, economy. Such trips broaden one's horizons, instill a sense of love for one's land, pride in it, a sense of patriotism; 2) health-improving - contribute to the hardening of the body, the development and improvement of motor qualities, increase efficiency, serve as an excellent form of outdoor activities; 3) sports - improve physical fitness, temper the will, promote physical improvement; 4) propaganda-mass - are held in honor of any major socio-political or sporting events and serve the purpose of attracting the broad masses to tourism and exchanging experience in tourism work.

1. Local tourism- these are trips carried out within their district, region, territory.

2. Long distance tourism- travel in areas remote from the place of residence.

1. Planned tourism- one-day and multi-day trips, which are organized through tourist and excursion bureaus, sports clubs, physical culture groups. Such trips are carried out on paid vouchers with full provision of participants with food, service, and transport.

2. Amateur tourism- trips that are organized by the forces and means of the participants themselves. According to increasing complexity, amateur trips are divided into weekend trips and multi-day trips of 1,2,3,4 and 5th category of complexity. The complexity of hikes is determined by the length, duration, number and nature of obstacles, as well as other factors specific to this type of tourism.

Among the forms of organizing tourism, local history and excursion work with students, the following are distinguished:

1) lessons using educational and local history material in subjects;

2) optional classes and subject circles;

3) program and non-program excursions;

4) tourist walks, hikes, multi-day trips and expeditions;

5) tourist and local history circles, sections, clubs;

6) tourist and local history evenings, quizzes, contests, competitions, rallies, conferences, exhibitions;

7) school museums.

Tourism work at the school is led by a tourist council. He is elected at the general meeting of tourists. The council is led by a teacher responsible for tourism work. Teachers, leading local history groups, tourist organizers, schoolchildren activists can be elected to the council. The work of the tourist council is carried out according to a plan agreed with the director of the school and the pedagogical council. The connection of the tourist council with the pedagogical one is necessary because tourist work has an educational and local history orientation. The Tourist Board manages the work in the classrooms through class teachers and tourist organizers. The Council organizes the work of tourist and local lore circles. He is in charge of the school museum of local lore, a tourist corner. The Council communicates with the parent committee, DTES, helps groups in choosing routes and approves them, takes part in the preparation of rallies and competitions, one-day and multi-day trips, prepares a tourist asset - tourist organizers, junior instructors, prepares and organizes a school tourist camp.

Conducting tourist, local history and excursion work is mandatory for all secondary schools, and in order for this work to be more effective and successful, it is necessary to unite the efforts of the entire teaching staff of the school.

Head teacher provides the conditions necessary for carrying out tourist and local history work at the school, organizes the entire teaching staff of the school, students to participate in this work.

Deputy director for teaching and educational work is responsible for the implementation of the local history principle of teaching the subjects of the school curriculum. He controls the work of electives and subject circles, the conduct of program excursions, the implementation of educational practical work during excursions, walks and hikes; controls the availability of local history materials in classrooms, the school museum and their use in the educational process.

Organizer of extra-curricular and out-of-school educational work is responsible for carrying out tourist and excursion work after hours; supervises the work of tourist and local lore circles, sections, clubs; organizes classes with teachers and other employees to prepare them for the management of hikes, travels and excursions; organizes promotion of tourism and local history among students, teachers and parents.

Teacher - tourist organizer of the school develops a plan for tourism, local history and excursion work, routes for weekend and multi-day hikes, routes for expedition teams, and also conducts work on the preparation and conduct of hikes. If necessary, he conducts classes with leaders in the preparation of trips, and also submits route sheets, route and application books for trips to the route qualification commission (MKK) of the relevant education authority, instructs on safety rules in hiking trips and expeditions.

Together with the tourist asset, it provides the preparation and holding of tourist rallies and competitions. The teacher - tour organizer is responsible for the paperwork of tourist and local history work (registration of route sheets, books, excursion vouchers; accounting for work on passing standards for the "Young Tourist" and "Tourist" badges, as well as sports categories in tourism and orienteering); conducts training camps, training camps, seminars for the training of public tourism personnel (junior instructors).

Classroom teacher when drawing up a plan of educational work, he plans to conduct trips and excursions, prepares students for their conduct and conducts them, involving subject teachers, a school health worker, a parent asset, etc.

Physical education teacher organizes physical training of young tourists, tourist competitions; conducts hiking trips, trips, excursions.

Teacher implements the local history principle of teaching the subject, participates in hiking, travel, excursions.

Day care teacher conducts work on the preparation and conduct of walks, hikes and excursions during the academic year and holidays; assists students in the preparation of the results of walks, trips and excursions.

medical worker conducts a medical examination of students going on a hike, serves tourist competitions, instructs those responsible for sanitary and hygienic work in tourist groups, teaching them to provide first aid, and completes a first-aid kit.

School librarian completes the library of tourist, local history literature, route descriptions, tourist maps, teaching materials; organizes exhibitions of tourist and local history literature.

Head of the school labor and recreation camp organizes excursions and trips with students to advanced industrial and agricultural enterprises, to monuments of history, culture and nature of their native land; local history work on the study of the history of the settlement, village, enterprise, etc., where the labor association operates; collection of materials for classrooms, school museum; camp-wide tourism competitions.

Introduction

Tourist and local history activities

Tourist and local history activities of students

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

In the 21st century, education, the upbringing of a new healthy generation, able to live and work in the new century, the century of education, culture, spirituality, new technologies, acquires special relevance and significance, in order to live and work with dignity, to achieve certain heights in life, a person must be healthy. Health is the most important value of a person. The ancient Greeks already knew this truth. The father of medicine, Hippocrates, was one of the first in history to proclaim a direct connection between physical culture, education and health. He emphasized that one who does not harden his body is doomed to "delicacy of the muscles and dullness of the mind." Today, more than ever, the issue of the "health of the people" is acute. The concept itself has also changed radically. Previously, when talking about health, it was associated only with medical care, with the protection of human health. At present, the concepts of "healthy person", "healthy nation" have expanded their meaning, covering both the spiritual and physical development of a person. The problem of educating a healthy generation has been declared a matter of national importance in our country. The President of our Republic, Mikhail Nikolaev, proclaimed the idea: “Through the health of society and each of us - to the well-being and prosperity of the republic” and emphasized that “health is an invaluable national wealth and property of society. Strengthening the health of the population, the formation of a healthy lifestyle are becoming the most important task, by solving which, society is moving forward to new frontiers of development.” In the implementation of this doctrine, the role of physical culture is invaluable. Stronger, healthier, smarter and more perfect is the one who willingly gives himself to the power of the movement. Tourism is one of the most widespread and accessible forms of physical culture. It is my deep conviction that tourism is the most massive form of active recreation and health improvement, one of the most important means of education. It has many positive properties. Firstly, tourist routes take us to fresh air. Scientists have long established that fresh air is very rich in negative nons, which have the ability to quickly and effectively relieve fatigue. Hiking is a movement, physical activity that has the most beneficial effect on the human body. A trained person does not get tired so soon, his working capacity is always increased. Secondly, the silence of the forest, the expanse of fields, the aroma and colors of the forest - all the variety of beauties of native nature, make you forget about everyday affairs and worries, liberate the nervous system.

Finally, tourism is the prevention of lack of spirituality, emotional poverty and various offenses. It solves the problem of children's employment, allows them to rationally use their free time, organically combine leisure with educational activities.

I know firsthand about the benefits of tourism. He began to get involved in tourism while still a student of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute. As part of an institute team, he traveled the forests of the Smolensk region on foot, kayaking along the rivers of the region. And the hardening gained from hiking helps in my profession. In my teaching practice, I widely use tourism and not just tourism, but with elements of studying my native land. Our ulus has a beautiful nature. Taking walks during hiking trips to the picturesque places of their ulus, children learn the history of their region, their small homeland. Thus, combining in my pedagogical practice, sports and local history activities, I pursue three goals: educational, health and cognitive. Naturally, no clear line can be drawn between them. But all together they help students grow physically and spiritually, help to learn the world, themselves, during hiking trips they learn to overcome various difficulties, harden themselves physically, study their native land, appreciate friendship, care and help of a friend, and spend their free time usefully. I think that those who did not experience the joy of hiking have lost a lot: to be in constant motion, discovering new beauties of nature, to sleep in tents, in the open air, to sing songs by the fire. This is much more useful than aimlessly wandering the streets or gathering in the evenings at the entrances. The organization of tourist trips, solving the problems of employment of children, especially during vacation time, is one of the most accessible and mass methods of promoting a healthy lifestyle: a child from childhood, who has known the beauty of the world around him in a group of friends and like-minded people and strengthened his health during hiking trips, will not be involved in dubious companies, will look to the future with confidence.

Tourist and local history activities

Tourism is the most important means of education, which, due to its diversity and versatility, opens up wide opportunities for the practical preparation of a small citizen for a big life. For children, tourism is a way of active recreation, an exciting activity filled with the romance of an unusual way of life. And for teachers, it is a means, a way to better, deeper know their pupils and more actively influence their development. Tourist and local history work of young tourists is diverse in forms. The most complex, effective form of tourism and local history activities is a tourist trip.

Hiking is a wonderful means of easily introducing children into the system of social relations and accumulating the experience of these relations, organizing the assimilation of the rules and norms of human relations. Hiking and hiking help teenagers learn the universal values of life and behaviors that will help them live in peace and harmony with themselves, nature and society.

school

urban

At each stage, the organizers face certain tasks: at the school stage, these are mainly the tasks of teaching and promoting tourism, at the city stage - identifying the strongest teams and participants, exchanging work experience. Every year, about 150 students take part in city tourist competitions. These indicators indicate that tourist competitions remain one of the most popular events for schoolchildren. Student tourist competitions are a complex event, the preparation and conduct of which requires great efforts from all organizers. City tourist competitions are of great educational value, which is reflected in the competition program, which consists of a sports part and a competitive program. The sports part includes traditional types of competitions: team and personal technique of hiking, control and tourist route, orienteering. The competitive program consists of a tourist song contest, tourist newspapers, a local history quiz and allows you to reveal the creative abilities of the participants in the competition. At city tourist competitions evenings of rest, discos, game libraries are held.

local history

Every year, the institution conducts:

city Olympiads in school local history;

city competitions of research local history works of participants of the tourist and local history movement "Fatherland";

reviews of museums of educational institutions.

All local history events are held in two stages: stage - school Olympiads, competitions; stage - city olympiads, competitions;

In the traditionally held regional olympiads, local history research competitions, gatherings of young tourists, a local history quiz is an obligatory stage. Local history is a sphere of active practical activity aimed at disseminating knowledge about the history of one's small homeland. It has become a tradition to hold competitions and reviews of museums of educational institutions.

Local history activity is a universal tool and a proven tool in the system of spiritual and moral education, it is an effective educational tool and has a great educational potential.

The most important strategic task of the modern school is the comprehensive development of the younger generation.

Despite the great upbringing and educational value, tourism and local history activities are less and less used at school. Despite the fact that its individual components are to some extent considered in the content of training courses, this is clearly not enough to form a unified picture of the world, including a natural component. There is a need to develop a holistic concept of tourist and local history training for schoolchildren, filled with modern content, reflecting new scientific approaches and the requirements of life.

For a better understanding of the importance of tourism and local history activities and the need for its further development in the modern school, we consider it necessary to consider each component of this type of activity separately. School local history is considered by us not only as an activity of students aimed at studying the region, but also as one of the conditions that ensure the teaching of geography on a specific life material.

This is an activity aimed at a comprehensive knowledge of the local territory. The essence of the local history principle in teaching lies in establishing a connection between the geography material studied at school with the knowledge and skills that are acquired as a result of studies of the native land. It serves as the basis for organizing all types of educational and cognitive activities of local history classes, and the local history approach is an integral part, a way of its successful implementation. The local history principle makes it possible to build the teaching of geography according to the didactic rule: "from the known to the unknown", "from close to far".

In connection with the educational value of local history, educational local history is singled out. Work related to educational local history is carried out in the classroom and outside the classroom, for example, on a geographical site or during a study tour. The participation of schoolchildren of the whole class is mandatory in them, its content and nature are determined by the curriculum. They also distinguish non-programmed local history, the tasks and content of which are built in accordance with the plan of the educational work of the school. Schoolchildren take part in extracurricular local history on a voluntary basis. The forms of its implementation are hiking trips in one's own region, school expeditions, etc.

The concept of "school tourism" is identical to the expression "tourist and local history activities at school" (TKD), which has become widespread.

Often the concept of "school tourism" is limited to a single meaning - the study of the region (local history), that is, cognition.

Tourist and local history activities of students

Tourist and local history activity of students is one of the effective means of complex influence on the formation of their personality. In it, with the correct pedagogical construction, all the main aspects of education are integrated into the personality: ideological and political, moral, labor, aesthetic, physical, the horizons of students are significantly expanded - there is an intensive mental development.

Children receive some elements of this activity already in kindergarten in their walks and excursions to nature, in classes and corners of nature. Consolidate and continue this activity in primary school necessary, since otherwise both the skill and interest in this activity in adolescence will be lost, the impact of the natural and social environment on the development of the student's personality will be less effective. And the specificity of tourism and local history activities (TKD) lies precisely in the direct "collision" of the student with the natural and social environment surrounding him, with reality, with life.

The romance of tourism and local history activities allows you to attract and retain in this area both the children themselves and their parents, and the wide pedagogical opportunities contribute to both the children's and adult teams (parents) uniting the class around the class teacher, the educator of the extended day group, leading such work, involvement of the parent contingent in pedagogical process, facilitating the management of the children's team and each student. Tourism and local history activities in elementary school allows you to create a single team: a teacher, parents, students, which largely contributes to strengthening the educational impact on students, improving the focus of pedagogical influence.

The program of tourist and local history activities of students primary school developed taking into account its close connection with the educational work of the school, work with student associations. It can be used both in the classroom (by its full team), and in extended day groups, and in school circles and extracurricular institutions. The program is addressed class teacher, the teacher of the extended day group, the circle leader who conducts such work at school and in an out-of-school institution, as well as parents participating, together with the teacher and educator, the circle leader in such activities.

Tourism as an extracurricular activity. The purpose of extracurricular activities is to deepen knowledge based on the interests and inclinations of students, to achieve more high level development of motor abilities, moral qualities, to consolidate the habit of exercising regularly. I single out three main blocks: educational, educational and health-improving. Let's consider each block separately.

The educational block of tourism and local history activities is the most important and has several directions.

In the field of socio-political education, this is the development of an active life position, the development of skills and habits public behavior. In the field of labor education, this is the development of self-service skills, respect for physical labor, the cultivation of intransigence to lepi, the ability to carry out assigned work at the lowest cost. In the field of moral education, this is the education of conscious discipline, respect for public property, a sense of friendship, camaraderie, unity of word and deed, collectivism, a culture of relationships between people, between the team and the individual, the ability to subordinate personal interests to the public. In the field of physical education, this is strengthening the health of hikers by overcoming difficulties, forming a healthy lifestyle, and taking responsibility for their own health. As you can see, the tasks that tourism solves in the field of education are very wide and varied. And, perhaps, the most important thing is the complexity of these forms of education, their organic unity and optimal combination in travel conditions, due to which the highest educational and health-improving effect is achieved. In a tourist walk or excursion to nature, when the silence of the forest, the beauty of the path, glades pacify the child excited by the school, family, yard, it is much easier to carry out any educational influence. Issues of discipline and culture of behavior are easily solved by the fire on a camping trip, and later these skills are developed and consolidated in constant communication outside of tourist events. But the first impetus to establish a special style of relations is easier to accept in the conditions of the autonomous existence of the team, when the group feels the greatest cohesion, interdependence, when everyone goes to interaction, mutual assistance is more interested, easy without external coercion.

Improving block of tourist activity.

The health block includes various competitions, sports games that develop dexterity, speed, and dexterity. Depending on the means of transportation, the content of games and competitions varies. For example, when skiing during games and competitions, we practice behavior in an avalanche zone, climbing, descending, braking, turning, skiing, and when traveling on water, I teach the technique of working with oars, kayaking, since when traveling in a kayak, a rower must comply with certain rules. During halts, they learn the basics of a tourist: the rules for insurance during crossings and the rules for tying knots. During the camping trip, the guys are already independently learning to the initial techniques of all tourist skills.

Conclusion

tourism local history activities

IN Lately There are more and more people wishing to engage in the tourism section. There are many proposals from the guys to make a ski trip outside the ulus. But due to certain difficulties, such trips are not yet possible. IN different time permanent groups were created from among the gymnasium students, with whom they made a ski trip along the route Nam - Iskra - Tastakh - Uluu-Sysy: - Salban and combined walking - water rafting along the Kenkeme River to Lake Hardan. Students who attend the "Tourism" section do not miss lessons, are more resilient, and are less likely to be exposed to various diseases. Parents are satisfied that tourism solves the problem of children's employment, approve the choice of their children, and take part in organizing trips. A properly organized and conducted tourist trip provides a good rest, physical development and sports improvement of children, broadens their horizons, fosters collectivism, love for nature, discipline, independence and initiative. Summing up, I want to note that it is necessary to come to an understanding that strict adherence to the class-lesson system significantly narrows the educational process. There are subjects that require students to go outside the premises into the outside world. Many types of extracurricular activities can play an important role in this matter. Among them, a special complex solution of many educational and recreational problems belongs to tourism and local history activities. As already noted, tourism today acts as a cognitive active recreation, in the improvement of the body. The achievements of science, changing the nature of work and study, also affect the person himself: his mental, emotional and mental functions are put forward in the first place, while motor and physical ones recede into the background. There is a decrease in motor activity with an increase in the level of emotional stress. Physical inactivity caused by insufficient physical activity causes rapid fatigue, which is more difficult to remove than fatigue caused by physical effort. The best and most effective way restoration of physical and spiritual strength is active recreation, which should be considered as one of the basic human needs. The most accessible and useful form of active recreation is tourism. Tourism and health are inseparable. Tourist travels not only contribute to the physical hardening of the body, relieve fatigue, strengthen the nervous system, they are increasingly becoming an urgent need of a person as an active, saturated with physical activity rest. Once again, I note: tourism is a powerful means of preventing various diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. nervous system, respiratory organs, digestion. At present, it is necessary to make wider use of weekend hikes to prepare students for more difficult journeys, to practice techniques, and to check equipment. Thus, in campaigns - not only health-improving and sports, but also educational and educational effect is high.

Bibliography

1. Abukhov A.Kh. Tourism at a new stage. M., Profizdat, 1983.

2. Kozlova T.V., Ryabukhina T.A. Physical education for the whole family. M., F. and S., 1989.

Rogatin B. Keeping up with the times. M., F. and S., 1986.

Shturmer Yu.A. Brief tourist guide M., Profizdat, 1985.

Kondakov V. A. Local history principle in teaching geography. Izvestiya APN RSFSR, no. 24, 1950.

Makhov S.I. Improving tourism and local history training at school and university // Materials of the interregional scientific and practical conference Geography of Population and Settlement: History and Modernity. - Nizhny Novgorod, 1999. S. 157-160.

Makhov S.I., Makhova I.P. Accounting for age and individual features schoolchildren in tourism and local history activities // Materials of the scientific and theoretical interuniversity conference “Geoecology. Local history. Tourism". - St. Petersburg, 2000. S. 83-86.

Ostapets A.A. Pedagogy of tourist and local history work at school. M.: Pedagogy, 1985.

Stroev KF On the principle of local history in teaching geography. "Geography at school", 1963, No. 3.

Lipetsk - 2008

Children's recreational and educational

center (sports and tourism)

Compiled by:

Methodist of the department of maintenance and development of education of the DOOTs (sports and tourism).

Editor:

Deputy director for educational and methodological work of the DOOTs (sports and tourism).

Release Responsible:

Director of the DOOC (sports and tourism).

GOOU DOD Children's health-improving

educational center (sports and tourism). 2008

To the teacher about school tourism

Tourism and local history in their modern sense is the physical development, health improvement and knowledge of the surrounding reality, the formation of valuable spiritual qualities of the individual. The theory of physical education considers tourism as one of the means of educating the younger generation along with physical culture and sports.

Usually a small part of the children in the school, regardless of the approach to tourism of the administration and teachers, shows a special, increased interest in tourism, and the school cannot ignore this interest.

The school should have two different tourism:

¯ mandatory for all classes ("class tourism") - minimal in volume;

¯ for those who like to travel in the form of hobby activities in circles (“circle tourism”).

Both of these school tourisms differ greatly from each other in many ways: the volume of travel, regularity, complexity, forms of activities, and the contingent of children.

concept "school tourism" is identical to the expression "tourist and local history activities at school"(TKD), which has become widespread since the 80s. last century.

The pedagogical potential of school tourism, if we take into account the whole complex of its forms and types, and, above all, trips, is very large. But the coefficient of useful pedagogical action of tourism depends on the approach of the organizers to it, on their skills and experience, personal concept and professional training.

Do not be afraid of school tourism. On foot, skiing, kayaking or cycling, get ready to hit the road with class. Live with the guys in an interesting, original, autonomous, filled with the romance of wandering common life. Become, together with your students, pupils, at least for a while, a friendly camping family. A tourist trip is a radical means of humanizing pedagogy, making a sharp turn in traditional work with the class, moving from the well-trodden rut of authoritarian pedagogy to cooperation.

From the history of children's tourism

In Russia, children's tourism arose in the middle of the 19th century. and was in the nature of educational excursions.

Even before the revolution school programs recommended for each class to develop plans and programs of excursions that should be carried out during school hours. For long-distance excursions, it was recommended to allocate several full training days during the year.

Officially, the year of the creation of the state system of youth tourism is considered to be 1918, when, at the suggestion, the Central Bureau of School Tours was created.

From 1924/25 school year began the widespread introduction of local history into school practice. The State Academic Council developed complex programs (as opposed to traditional, subject). These programs tried to eliminate a significant drawback of the old school - the gap between educational school subjects. The entire volume of knowledge planned for study in a general education school was presented in the form of a single set of information about nature, labor and society. A striking example of teaching children according to the comprehensive programs of the GUS are the group school notebooks of the Dryazginskaya school, which are stored in museum With. Oktyabrskoye, Usmansky district.

The programs and instructions of the People's Commissariat for Education set the task for the school to study the local region, to work on nature protection in order to "... instill useful skills in this state business in the pupils of the school."

In 1932, the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR adopted a resolution that noted that excursion and tourist work among children is one of the most relevant and necessary methods in maximizing the quality of school work, general education and polytechnic training of children, the task was set for each school to include in the curriculum a minimum conducting local excursions.

The Great Patriotic War. Children's tourism was faced with the tasks of military physical training of schoolchildren, instilling tourism skills of defense importance, and involving schoolchildren in socially useful work to help the front.

Since 1946, the tourist and local history work of schoolchildren has been activated again: TsDETS and the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper announce a mass journey of pioneers and schoolchildren across native land.

In 1952, the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR published letter of instruction“On the organization of tourist trips with students of seven-year and secondary schools”, which regulates the organization of tourist groups, the composition and age of participants, the duties of group leaders, the administration of institutions, approximate standards, category requirements for tourism, seminar programs for training leaders of tourist groups. Departments of education are recommended to develop topics and routes for hikes, excursions and travels around their native land, to organize such trips and excursions in schools at the end of the school year under the guidance of teachers and pioneer leaders, if possible with each class, starting from the fourth; in order to improve leadership, approve in each rai (mountains) IT responsible persons for carrying out excursion and tourist work, in all seven-year and secondary schools allocate from the number of teachers organizers of this work in schools.

By 1957, children's excursion and tourist stations were created in all territories of Russia, which raised the tourist and local history work to a new, higher level.

School tourism in the Lipetsk region

By the decision of the Executive Committee of the Lipetsk Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 000 dated August 16, 1955 "... in accordance with the national economic plan of the region" a regional excursion and tourist station was opened in Lipetsk [GALO F. R. 408, op. 1, l. 285 ]

Already in 1956, members of the DETS circle took part in All-Russian Conference young tourists-local historians in Moscow and III rally of young tourists of the RSFSR in the Leningrad region. Since 1959, DETS has been holding regional gatherings of young tourists, star-relay trips-competitions. Since 1960, summer camps have been organized to train schoolchildren - tourism instructors. The tent camp "Plushan" has gained great popularity among schoolchildren of the city of Yelets and the region.

The 1970s-1980s are characterized as a period of growth in tourism and local history work in the schools of the region. These years account for the largest number of students who are members of tourist and local history circles, participating in public events, hiking, sightseeing trips. Excursions are organized for students on vouchers of the Department of long-distance travel of schoolchildren of the RSFSR MP to the cities of the USSR: Moscow, Leningrad, Minsk, Kiev, Yerevan, Baku, Odessa, etc.

New forms of work were born: the fulfillment of tasks by young tourists-local historians public institutions and scientific organizations; visits to school museums; competitions for the best tourist trip; competitions among teams of schoolchildren's rooms (at the place of residence); regional turiads in the Caucasus, the Urals, in Karelia. The program of regional tourist competitions includes a control tourist route (KTM) as the most comprehensive type that allows you to test the knowledge, skills and abilities of participants in independently passing the route, overcoming obstacles and performing other tasks. The KTM program includes elements of field work of local lore.

Under the guidance of the Center, young tourists-local historians of the region take Active participation in the All-Union campaign to the places of military, labor and revolutionary glory of the Soviet people, in the expedition of pioneers and schoolchildren “My Motherland is the USSR”. The collected materials form the basis of school museums, halls and rooms of military and labor glory, the history of the pioneer movement.

Certificates and diplomas of regional tourist and local history events, All-Russian rallies of expeditionary detachments in Moscow, Ulyanovsk, Tula, in the Artek All-Union Pioneer Camp marked the activities of Dolgorukov pathfinders from the Voskhod detachment (leader). Repeated laureate of regional and All-Russian local history events - the school museum of local history of the Terbunskaya secondary school (head). By means of tourism and local history, the teacher of the Dobrovsky eight-year school brought up the students. He took the children on boat trips and on foot. His teams have always been among the best at the regional tourslet. The school had a wonderful museum of local lore, created by his hands. In 1977, at an exhibition in Moscow, the interior of a peasant hut from this museum was demonstrated, for which the school received silver medal VDNH.

A great deal of work on the study and collection of ethnographic material, archaeological and documentary sources on the history of the Lipetsk region was carried out by a veteran of war and labor, a war invalid of group II, a teacher of history and social science. Students of the Syrskaya and then Chastodubravskaya schools collected about 15,000 exhibits for the museum under his leadership. Young local historians installed 14 memorial plaques, 6 monuments that perpetuated the memory of fellow countrymen.

From 1963 to 1983 the region. DETS was located at: 7. A summer tourist base worked at the station, where teaching practice LGPI students. In 1982, the regional children's excursion and tourist station was renamed into the regional station for young tourists, and from December 1, 1991 - into Regional Center children's and youth tourism.

Directions of the organization of tourist and local history activities. Block “Organization of tourist and local history activities of schoolchildren. To the teacher about school tourism

Collection of ideal social studies essays

Anti-Soviet rebellion in Hungary (1956)