Reminders on the Russian language. Memos on the Russian language Changing verbs in persons and numbers

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1 1. Language and speech. 2. Word and syllable. 3. Text. 4. Vocabulary. 5. Sounds and letters. 6. Offer. 7. Appeal. 8. Members of the proposal. 9. Phrase. Rules-memo on the Russian language. 4th grade. 10. Homogeneous members of the proposal. 11. Parts of speech. 12. Single-root words. 13. The composition of the word. 14. Noun. 15. Adjective. 16. Pronoun. 17. Verb. 18. Spelling. 19. Parsing a word as a part of speech. Morphological analysis. 20. Pronouncing dictionary. 21. Spelling dictionary.

2 1. Language and speech. Russian language official language our country, Russian Federation. Oral speech is the speech we hear or speak. The word "oral" was formed from the word "mouth": lips were called lips in the old days. Written speech it is the speech we read or write down. Speech to ourselves (inner speech) when we think, meditate, not saying thoughts out loud, when we read to ourselves. Dialogue and monologue. Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. In the dialogue, the words of each person (replica) are written on a new line. Each line is preceded by a dash. Monologue speech of one person, addressed to the audience or to himself. 2. Word and syllable. There are as many syllables in a word as there are vowel sounds in it: house 1 syllable, u-rock 2 syllables, machine 3 syllables. Hyphenation. Words are carried over by syllables, but one letter is not left on the line and is not transferred to another line. For example: the word lesson cannot be transferred. stress. Stress is the emphasis in a word by the voice of one of the syllables. A syllable that is pronounced in a word with more voice power than others is called stressed. The remaining syllables or the syllable are unstressed. In Russian, the stress is free - it can be on any syllable of the word: vegetables, paper, shop; the mobile can move from one syllable to another when the word changes, when new words are formed: mountain - mountains. Correct pronunciation words and stress can be checked in the orthoepic dictionary.

3 3. Text. A text is a sentence containing two or more sentences. The sentences in the text are merged common theme and related in meaning. The text has its own theme and main idea. The text can be titled. The topic of a text is who or what the text is about. the main idea this is the main thing the author wanted to tell the reader. Parts of the text, the beginning, as it were, prepares the reader for reading, the main part talks about the main thing that the author wanted to say, the ending completes the text. Each part of the text is written from a red line. Types of texts narration is told, something is reported description reasoning is described appearance a person, an animal, a picture of nature, an event is explained, something is proved, it is said about the causes of phenomena, events what? Where? How? when did it happen? Which? which? which? which? Why?

4 4. Vocabulary. Word. A combination of letters is only called a word when it has a meaning. Vocabulary vocabulary of the language (all words of the Russian language). The lexical meaning is what the word means. single-valued words have one lexical meaning Birch is a deciduous tree with white bark and heart-shaped leaves. polysemantic words have two or more lexical meanings Needle 1. sewing needle, 2. coniferous needle, 3. medical needle The direct meaning directly indicates the object, the sign of action is a golden ring, the fire is burning. The figurative meaning transfers part of the direct meaning to another object, sign, action by some similarity - golden hands, stars are burning. words-names of objects and phenomena signs of action who? What? Which? whose? what to do? what to do? crow, man house, wall grey, big, fox Dictionary explains the meaning of words. fly, read, run away words that are synonyms are pronounced differently, but the same or close in meaning antonyms words, opposite in meaning homonyms of words that are pronounced and spelled the same, but have a different lexical meaning obsolete words that have come out of the word of use new words words phraseological units recently included in the Russian language stable combinations words in a figurative sense tiny, small, miniature, small deep shallow distant - close Onion garden plant. A bow is a weapon for throwing arrows. forehead, eye, mouth, finger, sail computer, joystick, skype hang nose, drop in the ocean, at full speed, kill yourself on your nose

5 5. Sounds and letters. We pronounce and hear sounds, they are indicated on the letter by letters. Sounds are written in square brackets. Letters we see, write, read, name. The alphabet is all the letters of the Russian language, arranged in a certain order. A (a) B (be) C (ve) G (ge) D (de) E (e) E (e) F (zhe) Z (ze) I (i) Y (and short) K (ka) L (el) M (em) N (en) O (o) P (pe) R (er) S (es) T (te) U (y) F (ef) X (ha) C (ce) H (che ) Sh (sha) Shch (shcha) b ( solid mark) S (s) b (soft sign) E (e) Yu (u) I (i) Vowels. Vowel sounds: [a], [i], [o], [s], [y], [e] Letters denoting vowel sounds: a, e, e, and, o, y, s, e, u, I. The letters E, E, Yu, I denote one sound after the consonants: [E, O, U, A]. Two sounds: E [YE], E [YO], Yu [YU], I [YA] 1. at the beginning of a word, 2. after vowels, 3. after b and b. And denotes one sound after soft consonants, two sounds [YI] after b. A vowel sound consists only of a voice. When pronouncing a vowel sound, air passes through the mouth freely, without barriers. Vowels are stressed and unstressed. consonant sounds. A consonant sound consists of noise or of voice and noise. When pronouncing a consonant sound, the air stream in the mouth meets an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Hard and soft consonants. consonants are always hard B C D F G K L M N P R S T V X W Z . The hardness of consonants is denoted by the letters A O U Y E. Hard consonants soften before soft ones: news [izv est t ie]. voiced and voiceless consonants. consonant paired unpaired voiced B C D E F Z; B C D D Z (replaced by deaf at the end of a word and before deaf consonants) L M N R; L M N R Y (always voiced) deaf P F K T Sh S; P F K T S (replaced by voiced before voiced consonants, except for V L M N R Y) X X Ts Ch Shch (always deaf)

6 The order of phonetic (sound-letter analysis). 1. Write a word, stress, how many syllables, transcription. 2. We write a letter, a sound in square brackets, a vowel or a consonant. 3. Vowel: stressed or unstressed. 4. Consonant: voiced or deaf, paired or unpaired; hard or soft, paired or unpaired. 5. How many letters in the word and how many sounds. A sample of phonetic (sound-letter) analysis. frost 2 syllables, [maros] m [m] acc., sound. unpaired, solid double o [a] ch., unstressed. p [p] acc., sound. unpar., solid double o [o] ch., shock s [s] acc., deaf. steam, solid paired 5 letters, 5 sounds trees 3 syllables, [d ir ev ya] d [d] acc., sound. steam, soft paired e [and] ch., unstressed p [p] acc., sound. unpaired, soft double e [e] ch. percussion in [in] acc., sound. steam, soft double b i [ya] [th] acc., sound. unpaired, soft unpaired [a] ch., unstressed 7 letters, 7 sounds

7 6. Offer. A sentence is a word or several words that express a complete thought. The words in a sentence are connected in meaning. Punctuation marks at the end of a sentence. Period If the sentence is about something, the sentence is pronounced with a calm intonation. Question mark if the sentence contains a question. An exclamation point if the sentence is pronounced with strong feeling. Offers are: 3. By the number of grammatical foundations. simple there is one grammatical basis A strong wind has risen. compound have two or more grammatical stems. A strong wind picked up and the trees rustled. 4. By the presence of secondary members. common have secondary members Schoolchildren sing their favorite songs. non-common ones consist only of the main members. Schoolchildren sing. 1. According to the purpose of the statement, narrative reports tell, tell about something. It was drawn in the evening cool. interrogative questions contain the question Which way will you go? incentives encourage action Be sure to read this book. 2. By intonation. exclamatory non-exclamatory express any feelings are pronounced with a calm intonation, without expressing any feelings How beautiful the forest is in autumn! Protect the environment! Tourists quickly set up tents. 7. Appeal. Appeal is a word or combination of words that names the person (person or object) to whom the speech is addressed. Punctuation marks. Appeals are separated by commas at the beginning and end of the sentence, separated by commas in the middle of the sentence. What, Ivanushka, sad? (word) What did you hang your head on? Have mercy, Empress-fish. (Phrase)

8 8. Members of the proposal. When words are combined into a sentence, each of them becomes one of the members of the sentence. Each member of the proposal has its own purpose. 9. Phrase A phrase consists of a main and a dependent word. The connection of words is established with the help of questions. The question is put from the main word to the dependent. wheat (what?) thick main members of the sentence (the grammatical basis of the sentence) it contains the main meaning of the sentence How to find phrases in a sentence. 1. Highlight grammatical basis(find the subject and the predicate). 2. Underline all minor members with a wavy line. the subject predicate denotes who or what is being said what is being said about the subject who? What? what to do? what to do? questions 3. See if you can ask a question to any minor terms from the subject, then from the predicate, then from one minor member to another. 4. These will be phrases. Example. IN blue sky fluffy clouds floated. minor members of the sentence explain the main and other members of the proposal of whom? what? to whom? what? by whom? how? about whom? about what? Which? whose? Where? Where? How? When? where? clouds (what?) fluffy floated (where?) in the sky in the sky (what?) blue The subject and predicate are not a phrase, because both are the main members of the sentence. The plane is flying.

9 10. Homogeneous members of the proposal. Homogeneous are those members of a sentence that answer the same question and refer to the same word. Pronounced with enumeration intonation. members of the sentence homogeneous subject homogeneous predicate homogeneous secondary members questions who? What? what is he doing? what did you do? what will do? Which? how? How? (and other questions) Punctuation marks between homogeneous members. Examples Rivers, banks and trees are filled with pink. O, O and O Tractors plow, loosen the soil. Oh, Oh Cold, heavy clouds rushed over the earth. Oh, Oh The guys drew with pencils and paints. Oh and Oh Reluctantly and timidly the sun looks at the fields. O and O a comma is placed if there are no unions. Silver cobwebs descended on trees, on bushes, on grass. Oh, Oh, Oh before the unions A, BUT Books do not speak, but they tell the truth. Oh, and Oh The moon shines, but does not warm. Oh, but Oh, the comma is not put if there is a union And between Silver cobwebs fell on two homogeneous trees and bushes. About and About members 11. Parts of speech There are 10 parts of speech in Russian: noun, adjective, numeral, pronoun, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, particle, interjection. parts of speech and their meaning independent parts of speech part of speech what does the question name noun object who mean? What? adjective a sign of an object what? whose? verb action object what to do? what to do? pronoun (I, we, you, you, indicates an object, but does not name it who? what? he, she, it, they) name numeral number of objects or how many? adverb (unchangeable part of speech) preposition (words are written separately) particle their order when counting what? where is the sign of action? When? Where? where? How? For what? and other service parts of speech at, in, to, on, from, by, before, behind, under, about, with, over, before, with, about, without, through, for, between, about, etc. not 12 Single-root (related) words. Single-root words are words with the same root, which contains the common lexical meaning of all single-root words. garden planting garden - seated Forms of the word is the same word in different forms (the case, number, gender, time changes): garden garden garden garden garden.

10 13. The composition of the word. Root The root of the word is the main significant part words. The root contains the common lexical meaning of all cognate words. To find the root, you need to pick up words with the same root and highlight the common part in them. Submariner water, water, water. Run run, run, run. Ending Ending is a modified meaningful part of a word that forms the form of a word and serves to connect words in a phrase and sentence. To find the ending in a word, you need to change the form of the word: window window. endings expressed by the sound road, green, exit zero ending bear, table, pencil without endings (unchangeable words) cafe, highway, coat, coffee, fast road - roads, green green, exit - bears come out, table table, pencil - pencil - Prefix A prefix is ​​a meaningful part of a word that comes before the root and serves to form words. To find a prefix in a word, you need to pick up a single-root word without a prefix or with a different prefix. inscribe write, write down save saves, save the school school, schoolboy at-, pre-, you-, v-, u-, s-, etc. Suffix A suffix is ​​a significant part of a word that comes after the root and serves to form new words. To find a suffix, you need to pick up words with the same root without a suffix or with other suffixes. The part of the word that comes after the root before the ending will be the suffix. Grass grass, blade of grass, grass, herbal. Suffixes: -ist, -chik, -schik, -er, -nick, -tel, -ary, -ir, -ushk, -yushk, -onk, -enk, -points, -echk, -onok, -yonok, -at, -yat, -its, -them, -ik, -ok, -yshk, -k, -ink, -nits, -yonk, -onk, -sk, -n, -liv, -chiv, -ov , -ovat, -evat, etc. The stem is a part of a word without an ending. The basis is the lexical meaning of the word. To find the base, you need to separate the ending. Room base room. Water the base of the watering.

11 The order of parsing a word by composition (morphemic parsing). 1. End. To find the ending in a word, you need to change the form of the word: window window. 2. Base. It is part of a word without an ending. window 3. Root. To find the root, you need to pick up words with the same root and highlight the common part in them. Submariner water, water, water. Run run, run, run. 4. Prefix. To find a prefix in a word, you need to pick up a single-root word without a prefix or with a different prefix. inscribe to write, write down save saves, save school school, schoolboy 5. Suffix. To find a suffix, you need to pick up words with the same root without a suffix or with other suffixes. The part of the word that comes after the root before the ending will be the suffix. Grass grass, blade of grass, grass, herbal.

12 14. Noun. A noun is a part of speech that answers the question who? or what? and means: specific objects: table, bread, living beings: children, bear, magpie, plants: lily of the valley, pine, natural phenomena: snow, blizzard, properties, qualities: courage, kindness, events: holiday, parade, geographical names: Moscow, Volga. The initial form of the noun: singular, nominative case: Motherland, earth, sky. hero. Animate and inanimate nouns. Animated who? whale, boy, bullfinch. Inanimate what? planet, school, field. Own and common nouns. Own: names, patronymics, surnames, animal names, geographical and astronomical names, names of films, books, theaters, performances, holidays. Spelled with capital letter: the city of Tolyatti, the planet Venus, the story "Shark", the motor ship "Pushkin". Common nouns are written with a small letter: street, school desk, crow. The number of nouns. in one including shore nest sail apple in plural. among the shores of the nest sails are apples Genus of nouns. feminine (she is mine) spring, sister, daughter, notebook masculine(he is mine) horse, oak, friend, brother have the form of only units. numbers sugar highway youth cottage cheese middle genus (it's mine) cloud, the plant has the form of only a plural. numbers chess sledge, cream, trousers, glasses, scissors, scales, backgammon nouns of general gender (gender depends on who is being spoken about) crybaby, slob, greedy, clever, bully, couch potato 1. Gender is not determined by nouns that have the form only plural. numbers: skids, vacations, railings, ink. 2. Immutable inanimate entities. belong to the middle gender: cafe, coat, popsicle, highway, subway, taxi. 3. Immutable animate entities. are masculine: kangaroo, chimpanzee, hummingbird, grizzly, flamingo. 4. Shampoo, tulle, masculine coffee. Soft sign at the end of nouns. written at the end of a noun. female daughter, night, speech, silence is not written at the end of a noun. masculine swift, reed, comrade of nouns in the genus. case plural. numbers: from the shoulders, from behind the clouds, many tasks

13 Case of nouns. indirect cases case questions prepositions Nominative who? What? Parent of whom? what? at, about, from, without, from, before, (no) for, around, with, after Dative to whom? what? by, to (give) Accusative whom? What? through, about, on, behind, under, oh, in, (I see) in the Creator by whom? how? with, with, before, over, behind, between (pleased) Prepositional about whom? about what? when, oh, about, on, in, in (I think) To determine the case, you need to: 1. find the word with which the noun is connected in meaning and put a case question from it, 2. determine the case on the case question. The noun in the nominative case is the subject of the sentence. Animated masculine nouns in the genitive and accusative answer the same question: whom? To correctly determine the case, you need to replace this noun with animate feminine nouns or inanimate masculine nouns. R. p. (no) whom? baby (girl, table) V. p. (see) whom? baby, (girl, table) Declination. Declension is the change of nouns in cases. declension 1st 2nd 3rd gender feminine masculine feminine masculine middle ending -a, -i zero -o, -e zero (b) example book, uncle horse, table, key sea, sky, school mother, lie, silence, youth Ways to check unstressed personal endings of nouns. 1 way 2 way 1. determine the case 2. determine the declension 3. remember the ending (see the table) letter (to whom?) to grandmother (grandmother D. p., grandmother 1 cl. write E) act (for what?) according to conscience (according to conscience D. p., conscience 3 cl. we write I) Case endings of nouns. replace the word with an unstressed ending with a word of the same declension with a stressed ending thought about the Motherland thought about the earth trees in hoarfrost trees in silver saw in the hole saw in the steppe 1 skl. 2 fold. 3 fold. R. p. -I, -S -I D. p. -E -I P. p -E -E -I

14 15. Adjective. An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions what? whose? In a sentence, it is related in meaning to a noun. What is the initial form? - Im. p., units h, husband. R. Spelling of complex adjectives. Compound adjectives that denote color and shades of colors are written with a hyphen. dark red, pale pink Genus of adjectives. It varies by birth only in the singular. It always stands in the same gender as the noun with which the adjective is connected in meaning. good name neuter gender In the plural, they do not change by gender. Changing adjectives by gender. what is the masculine gender feminine gender? whose? which? whose? which? whose? endings -OY / -YAY / - OY -AYA / - YAYA good (day) distant (way) forest (beast) The number of adjectives. good (news) distant (grove) The adjective name changes by numbers. -OE / -HER good (morning) far (field) interesting (book) units. hours; interesting (books) pl. h. The adjective is in the same number as the noun with which it is associated. A question of plural adjectives. which? Declension of adjectives (change in cases). I. p. R. p. D. p. V. p. T. p. P. p. masculine feminine neuter gender plural Which? which? which? which? native, native, native, native, green, blue green, blue blue what blue? Which? what? what? native, native, native, native, blue blue blue blue what? Which? what? what? native, native, native, native, blue blue blue blue what? Which? what? which? which? what? native (person), native, native, native (places), blue (color) blue blue relatives (people) what? Which? what? what? native, native, native, native, blue blue blue blue what? Which? what? what? native, blue native, blue How to determine the case of an adjective. native, blue native, blue The adjective is in the same gender, number and case as the noun to which the adjective refers. Determine the case of the noun, the same case for the adjective. about the native house about the house (about what?) etc., about the native, etc.

15 Case endings of adjectives. To check the unstressed case ending of an adjective, you need to: 1. pick up an adjective in the same case, but with a stressed ending in a cloudless sky in a blue sky; 2. check the ending with the help of a question (except for masculine adjectives in the singular in the im. case of what? -th, -its delicious, blue what? blue about what? -th, -delicious, blue what? -th, -delicious, blue what? -oh, she is tasty, blue what? -th, -delicious, blue what? blue what? -s, -their delicious, blue what? -th, -them delicious, blue what? -th, -them delicious, blue Forms of adjectives. Full form: interesting, difficult, funny. Short form: (what? ) - interesting (what?) - difficult (what?) - cheerful 16. Pronoun A pronoun is a part of speech that points to objects, but does not name them. th person 3rd person singular I you he, she, it plural we you they declension of personal pronouns Gender personal pronouns I. p. we you you he she it they R. p. me us you you his her his their f. f. to me to us to you to her to them them f. f. me us you you his her his their f. f. me us you you them her them them f. f. about me about us about you about you about him By gender, only pronouns of the 3rd person singular change: he, she, it. about her about him about them Prepositions with personal pronouns are written separately: to us, from me, with them. After prepositions, the pronoun is written with the letter H: from them, with us. After prepositions contrary to, thanks to, towards, the letter H is not written: contrary to him, thanks to her, towards them.

16 17. Verb. A verb is a part of speech that denotes the action of an object and answers the questions what to do? what to do? Infinitive. This is the initial form of the verb. Verbs in an indefinite form answer the questions what to do? what to do? The initial form does not indicate the time, the number and gender of the verbs. They end in t, -ty, -ch (suffixes). Verb suffixes: -e, -i, -a, -ya, -yva, -iva, -ova, -eva, -va, -nu, etc. The number of verbs. Verbs in the singular denote the action of one object and answer the questions what does it do? what will he do? what did you do? what will do? Plural verbs denote the actions of two or more objects and answer the questions what are they doing? what will they do? what they were doing? what will they do? Verb tenses. Present tense. Denote actions that are happening in the present tense, at the moment of speech. Answer the questions what does it do? what do they do? Past tense. Denote actions that have already happened or happened in the past tense. Answer questions what did you do? What did you do? what they were doing? what did they do? Future tense. Indicate the actions that will take place. Answer the questions what will they do? what will they do? what will do? what will they do? Changing verbs by tense. indefinite form of the verb present tense past tense future tense what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? what will do? what to do? - What did you do? what will he do? Gender of verbs in the past tense. The verbs of the past tense in the singular change: the husband shone. r., luminaries of women. r., luminary of the middle. R. Plural past tense verbs do not change. It depends on the gender of the noun with which the verb is connected in meaning: the sun (what did it do?) shone the neuter gender. Most verbs in the past tense have the suffix L. The suffix L forms the past tense and is not included in the stem of the word. Spelling is NOT with verbs. Particle NOT with verbs is written separately. The particle NOT with the verb gives the statement negative Number verbs. Verbs in the singular denote the action of one object and answer the questions what does it do? what will he do? what did you do? what will do? Plural verbs denote the actions of two or more objects and answer the questions what are they doing? what will they do? what they were doing? what will they do? The endings EAT, -YOSH, -ISH are written with a soft sign.

17 Soft sign in verbs. Verbs have 2 persons singular. numbers in the endings ESH, YOSH, ISH are written b. you go, you read, you put the face of verbs. Present and future tense verbs have the form of a person. 1st person: I write, we write 2nd person: you write, you write 3rd person: he writes, they write read 2 persons). Conjugation of verbs. Conjugation is the change of verbs in persons and numbers in the form of the present and future tenses. singular plural 1 person (I) am silent (we) are silent 2 person (you) are silent (you) are silent 3 person (he) is silent (they) are silent According to personal endings, verbs are divided into verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation. How to define conjugation. Indefinite form of the verb. except: shave, lay, for verbs with an unstressed personal ending 2 conjugation all verbs ending in -IT 7 verbs ending in EAT: endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, see, look (and derivatives from them: unscrew) 4 verbs ending in AT: breathe, hold, drive, hear (drive, hear) 1 conjugation all other verbs with the endings ab, -et, -ot, -ut for example: fight, sow, sway, soar, be late, blush, fall asleep. For example, the verb to glue ends in IT, this is a verb of 2 conjugations. Note: in verbs there is no ending OT, it is written ЁТ: guards, protects. Reflexive verbs. These are verbs with the suffix SA: laugh, rejoice. 1 conjugation in the endings E, - UT, -UT 2 conjugation in the endings I, - AT, - YAT we fight, we fight, we fight, we fight, we see, we see, we see, we see, we see TSYA and TSYA. YES if the verb answers the questions what to do? what to do? (there is b in the question): hurry up (what to do?), apologize (what to do?). TSY if not in the question soft sign: laughs (what is he doing?), apologizes (what will he do?)

18 18. Spelling. A spelling is such a letter, the spelling of which needs to be checked or remembered. 1. Unstressed vowels at the root of a word. a) Checkable. To check which letter denotes an unstressed vowel, you need to change the word or choose a single root so that the unstressed vowel becomes stressed. tree trees, green - green The checked word is a word in which it is necessary to check the spelling of the letter. A check word is a word in which the letter being checked is under stress. b) Unverifiable. Unchecked unstressed vowels are those for which it is impossible to find a test word. The spelling of unchecked unstressed vowels must be memorized or checked in a dictionary. drawing, painting, dog Spelling dictionary indicates how to write a word correctly. 2. Deaf and voiced consonants at the root of the word and at the end of the word. To find a test word, you need to change the word or choose a single-root word so that the paired consonant is in front of the vowel or sounds [l] [m] [n] [r] [c]. coast coast, carrot carrot 3. Unpronounceable consonants at the root of the word. When three or four consonants occur at once in a word, one of them may not be pronounced. In order to correctly designate an unpronounceable consonant with a letter, it is necessary to choose a single-root word in which this consonant is pronounced distinctly. location place, late late Remember: feeling, stairs 4. Doubled consonants. Spelling of words with double consonants should be checked in a dictionary. antenna, collection, appetite 5. Suffixes IK/-EK In the suffix IK, when changing the form of a word, the vowel is preserved. kalachik kalachik, pencil - pencil In the EK suffix, when the form of the word changes, the vowel disappears. pebble pebble, pea pea 6. Suffix OK, - ONOK After hissing (w, w, h, u) under stress in the OK suffix, the letter O is written: hook, pie, fluff, borscht, mouse. Without stress E: pebble, lamb, puppy. 7. O and E after hissing and C in the endings of nouns In the instrumental case under stress O, without stress E: doctor, task, chick, bird. 8. Prefixes and prepositions. A prefix is ​​a significant part of a word, it is written together. ran, commuter, write Preposition it independent part speech, written separately from other words. Between the preposition and the word, you can insert another word or question. along the path along the forest path why? Prepositions are not used with verbs. 9. Compound adjectives. Compound adjectives denoting color are written with a hyphen: bright red, dark green.

19 10. b and b signs a soft sign separating after consonants in the root or after the root before the letters E, E, Yu, I softening shows the softness of the previous consonant indicator of the form of feminine nouns in verbs 2 persons singular. numbers in the endings EAT, -YOSH, - SHOW a solid separating sign after prefixes that end in a consonant before the letters E, Yo, Yu, I am a gun, a blizzard of life, an orange rye, a daughter, you go quiet, you read, you put it up, announcement 11. Letter combinations CHK, CHN, CHT, NShch, SHCHN. In these letter combinations, the soft sign is not written. girl, night, accurate, reading, powerful, racer. 12. Hissing consonants Zh, Sh, Ch, Shch. ZhI and SHI write with the letter I. CHA and SHA write with the letter A. CHU and SCHU write with the letter U. life, car, thicket, miracle, pike 13. Capital letter. The names of cities, streets, rivers, lakes, seas, names, patronymics, surnames, animal names are capitalized. city ​​of Tolyatti, Gorky street, Volga river, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, dog Zhuchka

20 19. The order of parsing a word as a part of speech. (Morphological analysis.) 1. Noun. 1. Name the noun in the form in which it is used in the sentence. 2. What does the noun mean and what question does it answer? 3. What is the initial form of the noun (nominative case, singular). 4. Determine the signs of a noun: animate or inanimate, proper or common noun, gender, case, number, role in the sentence. Sample written review. The work of the master is afraid. Matter of noun. (What?). N. f. case. Unsouled, common, cf. r., in I. p., in units. h, subject. Masters of noun (whom?). N. f. master. Odush., Nat., m.r., in R. p., in units. h. Deut. member. 2. The name is an adjective. 1. Name the adjective in the form in which it is used in the sentence. 2. What does the adjective mean and what question does it answer? What noun does it refer to? 3. What is the initial form of the adjective (nominative, masculine, singular number - what?) 4. Determine the features of the adjective: gender (in the singular), number, case, role in the sentence. Sample written review. Coniferous trees stood in a silver frost. Coniferous adj. (which?). N. f. coniferous. In many hours, in I. p.. Deut. member. Silver app. (what?). N. f. silver. In husband. r., in units hours, in P. p. Deut. member. 3. Verb. 1. Name the verb in the form in which it is used in the sentence. What does the verb mean and what question does it answer? 2. Name the initial (indefinite) form of the verb (what to do? what to do?). 3. Determine the signs of the verb: conjugation, tense, person and number (for verbs in the present or future tense, gender (for verbs in the past tense, in singular), role in the sentence. A sample of written analysis. (what is he doing?) N. f. to doze off In the present tense, in the singular Predicate 4. Pronoun 1. Part of speech, what it indicates 2. Initial form (n. case) 3 Person, number, case 4. role in a sentence Example of written analysis We had a leader with us on the campaign (C) us personal pronoun, n.f. we, 1st person, plural, in creative p ., second term.

21 20. Orthoepic dictionary. address, addresses alphabet antenna [te] watermelon, watermelons indulge in bows to take, took, took to be, was, was to take, took, took, took the gate in front of the coat of arms, coats of arms to give, gave, gave to give, gives a jumper director, directors contract, contracts rain [dosh] [dosht] document, documents leisure lark, larks waited, waited jealously set, set, set, set busy, busy, busy locked, locked, locked, sealed, called, called to call, calls, call engineer, engineers tool, tools spark, sparks pockets catalog kilometer, kilometers to glue, glue, glue combiner, combiner compass computer [e] of course [sn] crane, cranes beautiful, more beautiful light [hk], easy [hk] store, shops a month, months museum [h] on purpose [sh] start, start, start cloud, lighten clouds, make it easier to stall repeat, repeat, repeat call, call put, put, put assistant [sh] understood, understood, understood briefcase, briefcases reward sheet, sheets shell belt centimeter, centimeters beetroot sweater [te] today [c] behind an orphan, orphans birdhouse [sh] boring [sh] means, means glass, glasses statue carpenter, carpenters lowercase (letter) happiness [u] counter [u] cottage cheese and cottage cheese tennis [te] thermos [te] cake, tractor cakes, tractors, tractors tram shoes, shoes deepen plywood [n] foil flyleaf, bookends chaos, chaos needles master, owners want, want, want cement gypsies what to [w] scarf, scarves closet, highway cabinets [se] driver, drivers sorrel scrambled eggs [sh]

22 21. Spelling dictionary. A car agronomist address neat alley alphabet album appetite april B luggage shore birch conversation chat library librarian ticket wealth shoes quickly into the car all of a sudden bike fun wind together station around sparrow crow eight sunday east ahead tuesday yesterday g newspaper carnation hero burn horizon city pea D twenty twelve girl on duty december village director road goodbye F wish iron yellow animal W factory tomorrow breakfast dawn hare here hello strawberry And excuse me from afar engineer frost interesting K vacation calendar cabbage saucepan pencil picture potato saucepan apartment kilogram kilometer class team collection commander harvester harvester room computer skates ship cow Red Square Kremlin bed cosmonaut bonfire suit L camp ladder fox shovel better frog M store raspberry boy car furniture bear slowly month metal blizzard metro milk hammer carrot frost Moscow N back, left to right people November O lunch monkey cloud defense oats vegetables sheep kitchen garden cucumber clothes eleven once dandelion circa october walnut aspen father p coat passenger landscape pencil case sand parsley pie handkerchief victory weather please tomato monday portrait dishes then poet government holiday chairman beautiful friendly traveler journey wheat friday goodbye p work worker rocket plant

23 distance guys drawing homeland chamomile Russia Russian rowan C salute plane boots sugar sparkle from above sweater freedom north today now seeds September seeder lilac soon left bullfinch from below dog soldier straw magpie thanks to the right Wednesday glass capital Saturday T plate TV TV show phone now diesel locomotive notebook comrade ax tractor tram Dinner street harvest student student teacher teacher F surname february X grain grower owner household well h person thursday four black feeling sh sixteen walked highway driver sh sorrel e excursion electricity electric locomotive power station i apple apple tree berry language january

1. Language and speech. 2.Text. 3. Dialogue. 4. Word. 5. Word and syllable. 6. Wrapping words. 7. Emphasis. 8. Sounds and letters. 9. Spelling. Rules-memo on the Russian language. 1 class. 10. Orthoepic dictionary. eleven.

1. Language and speech. 2. Text. 3. Vocabulary. 4. Word. 5. Sounds and letters. 6. Offer. 7. Members of the proposal. Rules-memo on the Russian language. Grade 2 8. Single-root words and word forms. 9. Parts of speech. 10.

Solid Voiced: [b] [c] [g] [d] [g] [h] Deaf: [p] [f] [k] [t] [w] [s] CONSONANTS PAIR CONSONANTS Soft [b] [ in] [g] [d] [h] [n] [f] [k] [t] [s] UNPAIR CONSONANTS Solid Voiced:

Speech. Text. Offer. Word. Text is made up of sentences and sentences are made up of words. Text A sentence is a word or several words expressing a complete thought. Sentence Each sentence is pronounced

Memo on the Russian language 2013 Spelling list 1. Capital letter. Period at the end of a sentence. 2. Skipping, replacing, distorting letters. 3. Division into syllables. 4. Word wrap. 5. Soft sign (b) indicator of softness.

Working programm in Russian By the end of grade 3, students who have mastered educational material of this program, must master the following knowledge and skills: Know: What is Language and speech. Text. Offer.

1. Language and speech. 2. Text. 3. Vocabulary. 4. Word and syllable. 5. Sounds and letters. 6. Offer. 7. Appeal. 8. Phrase. 9. Members of the proposal. 10. Single-root words. 11. The composition of the word. 12. Noun.

MEMO FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS Russian language. Work on mistakes 1. Capital letter at the beginning of the sentence Write the sentence correctly. Think and write another sentence. Underline the capital letter.

Russian language Grade 3b 169 hours December 2018 Topic 1 Acquaintance with the textbook "Russian language" (Grade 3). Types of speech and their purpose. Speech is a reflection of human culture. What is language for? Purpose of language and

The main orthograms of the Russian language Letters I, A, U after hissing Combinations ZhI SHI are written with the letter I. Uzhi, reeds, knives, kids. Combinations CHA SCHA are written with the letter A. A cup, cottage, candle, sorrel. NC combinations

Reminders Russian language Grade 4 1. How to prepare for a letter from memory 2. How to prepare for a presentation 3. How to write a narrative text 4. How to write a description text 5. How to write a reasoning text

Calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 4 Section Theme Content element 1 Speech development Features of the text: semantic unity of sentences, title, theme, text plan Acquaintance with the textbook

"Russian language" First-grader to distinguish, compare: -sounds and letters; -stressed and unstressed vowels; -hard and soft consonants, deaf and voiced consonants; - sound, syllable, word; -word

Dear teachers and parents An important role in the formation of a socially conscious and spiritually rich personality is played by the appropriate education received by the child in primary school. First of all, it is directed

Memo on the performance of work on the errors in the Russian language 1. A period at the end of a sentence. Write the sentence correctly. Put a dot at the end. Do this: The birds have flown away. 2. Syllables zhi-shi, cha-cha, chu-shu. write out

Memo for working on mistakes in the Russian language in elementary school. 1. Pass, replacement of a letter. Write the word correctly 1 time, underline the letter. House. 2. Making an offer. Remember! First word in a sentence

THEMATIC PLANNING OF THE SUBJECT "RUSSIAN LANGUAGE" EMC "School of Russia" Grade 3 Theme of the section Number Content of hours Language and speech 2 Our speech. Types of speech. Our language. Text. Offer. 14 Text. Types

Thematic planning of Russian language lessons (5 hours a week - 170 hours) Theme of the lesson OUR SPEECH (3 hours) Types of speech (2 hours) 1. Acquaintance with the textbook. What is the speech like? 2. What can you learn about a person from

Reminders on the Russian language There are 33 letters in the Russian language Vowels 10, sounds 6 Consonants 21, sounds 36 Do not represent sounds: p f k t with w x c h y

EXPLANATORY NOTE This adapted work program in Russian for grade 5 complies with the requirements of the federal component of the State Standard for Basic general education And

Appendix EXAMPLE THEMATIC PLANNING of Russian language lessons in the th grade () 0 0. Word Introductory lesson. Acquaintance with the textbook "Russian language (first lessons)" We repeat vowel sounds and letters Vowels

Poteshnova N.B., teacher primary school GBOU "School 69 named after B.Sh. Okudzhava "Theme:" PARTS OF SPEECH "NOUNN This is a part of speech that denotes (names) objects, natural phenomena, qualities, answers

Material for offset in the Russian language. 5-7 classes. QUESTIONS Grade 5 1. Noun (definition) 2. Adjective (definition) 3. Verb (definition) 4. How to determine the verb conjugation 5.

P / p Name of the section and topics Characteristics of the main activities Hours of study time Planned completion dates Plan Fact Note 1 Our speech and our language. The development of speech. Composition of the text

Repetition (h) Our speech and our language. (h) Our speech and our language. Dialogical and monologue speech. magic words Russian speech: words of greeting, words of farewell, words of request, words of apology, etc. Norms

Explanatory note The individual work program in the Russian language for grade 3 was developed and compiled in accordance with the requirements of the "Federal component state standard general education,

Calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 3. Section Topic Content element 1 Speech development Text. Text features. Title of the text. Acquaintance with the textbook "Russian language". Our speech

Municipal educational institution"Suburban average comprehensive school"I APPROVE": Director / Smirnova O. N. / Order of 2015 Appendix to the work program in the Russian language for

Calendar-thematic planning Russian language (Grade 4) Authors: V.P. Kanakina, V.G. Goretsky Vocabulary, phonetics, grammar, spelling and speech development 136 hours Remember, repeat, study (32

46 SECTION 3. CALENDAR AND THEME PLANNING (GRADE 4) 1 Total number of hours per year 170, per week 5. Lesson number Lesson topic Number of hours PROPOSITION 30 1 Main and secondary members of the proposal

Dear teachers and parents An important role in the formation of a conscious and spiritually rich personality is played by the appropriate education received by students in elementary school. First of all, it is aimed at

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE (5 HOURS PER WEEK, 170 HOURS PER YEAR) Planned subject results 1. Formation of initial ideas about the unity and diversity of the linguistic and cultural space of Russia, about

The program was compiled on the basis of the requirements for the result of mastering the BEP of the NOO MBOU "Secondary School 7". Expected results: The student will learn: to perceive by ear the texts performed by the teacher, students; knowingly, correctly

Calendar thematic planning in Russian UMK language"School of Russia". Kanakina V.P. Grade 2 (136 hours, 4 hours a week) Kanakina V.P., Goretsky V.G. Russian language. Proc. for general education organizations.

WORK PROGRAM at 208-209 academic year in Russian (specify the subject) Level of education (class) _ primary general general 2a, 2b, 2k, 2l, 2m, 2u, 2e, 2yu, 2ya (primary general, basic general, secondary

2.2.2. The main content of the subjects of primary general education 2.2.2.1. Russian language Types of speech activity Listening. Awareness of the purpose and situation of oral communication. Adequate perception of the sound

O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedova 80 BASIC RULES OF SPELLING AND PUNCTATION OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE 1 4 classes AST Astrel Moscow UDC 373:811.161.1 U34 U34 Uzorova, Olga Vasilievna. Fedov. Moscow: AST: Astrel,

O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedova RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Exercises and tests for each lesson 4 GRADE AST Moscow UDC 373:811.161.1 LBC 81.2Rus-922 U34 U34 Uzorova, Olga Vasilievna. Russian language. Exercises and tests for

Department social policy Administration of the city of Kurgan municipal budgetary educational institution of the city of Kurgan "Secondary school 35" Considered at a meeting of the methodological

Calendar thematic planning of Russian language lessons in the 5th grade p / p Name of the section and topics Hours of study time. Language essential tool communication. Language and man.09 Predp. date 2. Oral communication

Thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 3. Section Topic Content element 1 Speech development Text. Text features. Title of the text. The sequence of sentences in the text. Introduction to the textbook

P, p Subject lesson Number of hours in Repetition of phonetics and graphics. Control cheating on the topic "Repetition" 2 What is graphics. Phonetic parsing words Repetition of phonetics. Syllable and stress 3 Review learned

Calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 2 170 hours Date of the lesson (number school week) Name of sections and topics of lessons, forms and topics of control OUR SPEECH (3 H) Types of speech () 1 Acquaintance

Thematic planning n / n Number of hours Date Teaching tools Characteristics of the main activities of students. Sections of the program and topics of lessons on the fact cal Our speech and our language h. Distinguish language

Calendar thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 2 (170 hours per academic year, 34 academic weeks, 5 hours per week) Author of the textbook: V.G. Goretsky Topic Number of hours Date according to the plan Our speech (3 hours)

Calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language Grade 2. n / n Section of the program Theme Elements of content 1 Development of speech Comprehension of the read text when reading aloud independently and when listening to it

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Buretskaya secondary school", Bokhansky district, Irkutsk region Considered at the meeting of the NMS Minutes _23_ From "_28" 08 2016 Agreed

Program in Russian language class and speech development class (6-7 years old) Phonetics. Graphic arts. Grammar Spelling. Restoration and improvement of writing skills obtained in preparatory group Job

Annotation of the program "Russian language grades 1-4" Types of speech activity Listening. Awareness of the purpose and situation of oral communication. Adequate perception of sounding speech. Listening comprehension of the information contained

CONTENTS ABOUT LANGUAGE AND SPEECH .............................................. .... 3 1. Why does a person need a language .................................... 3 2. What we know about the Russian language ...............................

Lesson Unit 1: Review (16h) - 16h Lesson topic 1. Our speech and our language. 1 2. Our speech and our language 1 3. Text (repetition and deepening of representations) 1 4. Sentence (repetition and deepening of representation

Developed by a speech therapist teacher Alexander Alexandrovich Lementuev 2014 0 Errors in the image of word schemes. Write down the word. Draw the correct sound scheme of the word, coloring in all parts. Mistakes in the selection of synonyms.

Lesson Theme of the lesson Our speech (4 hours) Number of hours Introduction to the textbook. What is the speech like? What can you learn about a person from his speech? 3 How to distinguish a dialogue from a monologue? 4 Knowledge test Text (5h) 5 What is

50 SECTION 3. CALENDAR AND THEME PLANNING (GRADE 3) Total number of hours per year 70, per week 5. Lesson number Theme Number of hours Note (methodological support of the topic) REPETITION 8 Suggestion.

PLANNED RESULTS OF MASTERING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PROGRAM OS "Primary School of the XXI Century" The personal results of studying the Russian language in primary school are: - awareness of the language as the main means

Explanatory note Work program subject"Russian language" for students of grade 3 with a delay mental development for the 2016 2017 academic year is based on the requirements of the Federal

According to the plan Actual Note Calendar-thematic planning in the Russian language According to the plan p / p In the subject Theme of the lesson No. of hours Date Repetition (h) Acquaintance with the textbook "Russian language". Our speech and our

Municipal state educational institution "Kopylovskaya basic comprehensive school" with. Kopylovka, Kolpashevsky district Tomsk region Considered at the meeting pedagogical council

Municipal State Educational Institution "Secondary School of Verkh-Koyen Village" of Iskitimsky District Novosibirsk region Adopted by the decision of the methodological association of teachers Protocol

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE EXPLANATORY NOTE For the basis thematic planning the set "School of Russia" was chosen - one of the most common and popular educational sets recommended by the Ministry

Demo version works on the Russian language for entrance examinations in the 5th grade. Task 1. Write down the text under dictation. sailboat. A large painting hung in the dining room. She was like a window in a wide

Lesson Section: OUR SPEECH (3 H) - 3 hours Theme of the lesson. Introduction to the textbook. Language and speech, their importance in people's lives. 2. Native language and its importance in people's lives. speech requirements. 3. Dialogue and monologue. Speech

Calendar-thematic planning Grade 4 p / n Lesson topic Main content on the topic Notes 1 quarter (45 hours) We repeat, learn new things (22 hours) 1 Verbal communication. Spoken and written speech. concept

Annotation to the work program "Russian language" for the level of primary general education from grades 1-4. The Russian language work program is compiled on the basis of the following regulatory documents: - Federal

This book contains a variety of reminders for you that will help you complete any teacher’s task: write a warning or explanatory dictation, an essay based on a picture or an essay in the genre of an interview, a presentation or a review (review) of a read book.

PARONYMS.
(Scientific style)
Paronyms are words that are close, but not identical in sound, different in semantic relation and sometimes erroneously used in speech one instead of the other. For example: fact - real, non-fictional event, phenomenon and factor - driving force, the cause of any process or phenomenon, which determines its characteristic features.

The beginning of a word (forum and quorum), the middle of a word (contact and contract), or the end of a word (set and complex) can be pronounced differently for paronyms.

Among paronyms, as we see, nouns occupy a significant place. Paronyms expressed by other parts of speech are less common, for example: single (on behalf of the numeral one) and ordinary - ordinary; grind off - grind to the base and grind - sew with a through line.

Be careful not to confuse paronyms in your speech! (From the textbook "Modern Russian language").

CONTENT
FROM THE PUBLISHING HOUSE
MEMO-MANUALS
How to prepare for textbook dictation
How to write a warning dictation
How to write an explanatory dictation
How to plan a text
How to prepare for presentation
How to work on an essay
How to work on a draft presentation and essay
How to correct mistakes in presentation and composition
How to deal with spelling mistakes
How to work on an essay on a painting
How to write an interview essay
How to write a review (review) of a book you read
Speech styles
Types of speech
Paths and stylistic figures
Complex text analysis
PLANS AND SAMPLES OF ALL TYPES OF ANALYSIS IN THE LESSONS OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Phonetic parsing
Word-building analysis
Word parsing by composition (morpheme parsing)
Morphological analysis
Noun
Adjective
Numeral
Pronoun
Verb
Participle
gerund
Adverb
Pretext
Union
Particle
Parsing
phrase
Simple sentence
Difficult sentence
Lexical parsing
Spelling parsing
Punctuation parsing
SPELLING AND THEIR GRAPHIC DESIGNATION
PUNCTOGRAM AND THEIR GRAPHIC DESIGNATION
APPS
Appendix 1. Speak correctly!
Appendix 2. Write correctly!
Appendix 3. Glossary of synonyms
Appendix 4. Glossary of antonyms
Appendix 5 Brief information about the artists
LITERATURE.

Free download e-book V convenient format, watch and read:
Download the book Instructions on the Russian language, grades 5-9, Ushakova O.D., 2013 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

• Working with text in the Russian language lesson, Teacher's guide, grades 5-11, Aleksandrova O.M., Dobrotina I.N., Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Uskova I.V., 2019
• Methodological guide to the teaching materials of V.V. Babaitseva, Russian language, grades 5-9, In-depth study, Babaitseva V.V., Bednarskaya L.D., Politova I.N., 2014
• Russian language, 120 texts for school presentations, grades 5-11, Voilova K.A., Ledeneva V.V., Tikhonova V.V., Shapovalova T.E., 2000

REFERENCE MATERIALS MEMO #1 How to make sound - letter parsing words 1. Say a word. Determine how many syllables are in the word. Say the word in syllables. 2. Define the stressed syllable. Say the word, highlighting the stressed syllable with your voice. 3. Say (highlight with your voice) each sound in the word in order. 4. Determine what each sound is: if a vowel, then what kind of stressed or unstressed is it; if a consonant - then what is it - voiced or deaf, hard or soft, paired or unpaired. Name the letter that represents each sound. 5. Make a conclusion about the number of sounds and letters in a word. Oral reasoning sample There are two syllables in the word dawn: zai rya. The syllable is stressed. The sounds in the word can be depicted as follows: /zar "a/ I name the sounds in order: /z/ - consonant, voiced paired, solid paired; indicated by the letter "ze"; /a/ - vowel, unstressed; indicated by the letter a; /p" / - consonant, voiced unpaired, soft paired; denoted by the letter "er"; /a/ - vowel, stressed; stands after a soft consonant sound, denoted by the letter i. In the word dawn - 4 sounds, 4 letters. Sample written parsing Dawn /zar "a/ - 2 syllables. z - /z/ - acc., voiced par., hard parn.; a - /a/ - vowel, unstressed; r - /r"/ - acc., call. unpaired, soft steam; i - /a/ - vowel, shock. 4 points, 4 stars MEMO #2 How to characterize a sentence 1. Read the sentence. 2. Determine what kind of sentence it is for the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive). Is the sentence an exclamation point? 3. Determine whether this sentence is simple or complex. If simple, then what is it: common or non-common. If it’s complicated, then how are they connected simple sentences into a complex one (with the help of intonation or with the help of unions and, a. but). Sample reasoning I read the sentence: No wonder the whole of Russia remembers About the day of Borodin! M.Yu. Lermontov This sentence is narrative in terms of the purpose of the statement, exclamatory in intonation. This proposal is simple (it has one basis), common. MEMO #3 How to parse a sentence into members Sample reasoning 1. I read the sentence: Bright Star sparkled over the forest. 2. Find the subject. I ask the question: what does the proposal say? (About a star.) In a sentence, the word star answers the question what? So the word star is the subject. I emphasize one line. 3. Find the predicate. I pose the question: what is said about the subject, about the star? (Sparkled.) The word sparkled answers the question what did you do? The star (what was it doing?) sparkled. So the word sparkled - a predicate. We emphasize two lines. 4. I conclude: the subject star and the predicate sparkled are the main members of the sentence. 5. I find a minor member of the sentence, which explains the subject. I put the question from the subject: the star (what?) is bright. I find a secondary member of the sentence, which explains the predicate. I put the question from the predicate: it sparkled (where?) Over the forest. 6. I conclude: there are two phrases in the sentence: a bright star, sparkled over the forest. MEMO №4 How to parse a word by composition 1. Read the word and explain its meaning. Decide which part of speech it belongs to. Is it changing or not? 2. Find the ending in the word. To do this, change the word. The part of the word that is changed is the ending. Highlight it with the appropriate sign. 3. Highlight the stem in the word. A stem is a part of a word without an ending. 4. Find the root in the word. The root is the common part of related words. To do this, choose related words. Compare them, highlight the common part with the desired icon. This is the root. 5. Find a prefix in the word (if any). A prefix is ​​the part of a word that comes before the root and serves to form new words. Pick up words with the same root without a prefix or with a different prefix. Select an attachment. 6. Find a suffix in the word (if any). A suffix is ​​the part of a word that comes after the root and serves to form new words. Highlight the suffix with the desired icon. 7. Name all parts of the word. MEMO №5 How to prepare for the textbook dictation 1. Read the text. find out the meaning incomprehensible words. 2. Find in each sentence the words whose spelling needs to be checked. Determine in which part of the word there is a checked or unchecked spelling. Think about how to explain its writing. 3. If you don't know how to check a word, then remember how it is written. 4. Pay attention to punctuation marks in sentences. 5. Be careful when writing down each word. Memo #6 How to prepare for a letter from memory 1. Read the text. Find out the meaning of unknown words. Decide who or what the text is about. 2. Find the spelling in the words. Think about how to check their spelling. Remember the spelling of difficult words for you, pronounce them syllable by syllable. 3. Pay attention to punctuation marks, and in a poetic text, to the arrangement of lines. 4. Learn the text by heart. 5. Read the text carefully again or repeat it to yourself, visually imagining the spelling of each word. Close the book and write. 6. Read what is written in syllables, compare with the original text. MEMO No. 7 How to prepare for presentation MEMO No. 8 Types of sentences Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement: According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into: narrative (contain a message or description, they express a complete thought; intonation completeness of a thought is expressed by lowering the voice at the end of a sentence); Children are in school; interrogative (contain a question about something unknown to the speaker; intonationally, the question is conveyed by a special interrogative intonation, in writing - by a question mark; the question is also conveyed by interrogative words (who? Why?), interrogative particles (really, is it really) and word order): Are the children in school? Who is in school? incentive (express the speaker's desire to make other people do something; intonationally this meaning is conveyed by incentive intonation, and motivation is also conveyed by verb forms, particles, interjections, etc.): Children, go to school. According to the emotional coloring, sentences are distinguished: exclamatory (the content in them is accompanied by an expression of the speaker's feelings; the exclamation is conveyed by a special intonation, emotional particles, interjections, in writing - an exclamation point): Children, go to school! non-exclamatory (in which the speaker expresses the content without expressing his own emotions): Children should study at school.

gender of nouns

Main and secondary members of the sentence

Parts of speech

Changing verbs for persons and numbers

Parts of speech

MEMO FOR WORK ON ERRORS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. Pass, replacement, distortion of letters.
Write out the word, put the stress, divide it into syllables.

For example: WOK-HALL.
2. vocabulary words.
Write out the word, put the stress, underline the spelling. Write 2 more words for the same rule, i.e. vocabulary. For example, in A rut, station, once.

Make up and write a sentence with this word. For example: The car has moved.
3. Capital letter in proper names.
Write the word, explain the meaning capital letter.

For example: Saratov is the name of the city. Pick up and write down 2 more words for the same rule, underline this spelling in them. Compose and write a proposal.
4. Combinations: zhi - shi, cha - cha, chu - shu, chk, ch.
Write out the word, write 2 more words with this combination.

For example: dinner, chizhik, skiing. Highlight combinations. Compose and write a proposal.
5. Wrap words,
Write out the word, divide it into syllables, then divide it for transfer.

For example: u/che/nickname, apprentice-nickname.

6. Soft sign - an indicator of the softness of a consonant sound.
Write out the word, write 2 more words for the same rule.

For example: hemp, skates, coals. Compose and write a proposal.
7. Paired consonants.
Write out the word, underline the double consonant, choose a test word.

For example: Frost - frost, friends - friend. Write 2 more words for the same rule.

Compose and write a proposal.
8. Unstressed vowels.
Write out the word, stress it, underline the unstressed vowel, choose a test word. For example: sea - sea. Write 2 more words for the same rule.

Compose and write a proposal.
9. Separating soft sign.
Write out the word, write 2 words on the same rule. For example: streams, ants, nightingales.

Compose and write an offer
10. Double consonants.
Write the word 3 times, underline the doubled consonant.

For example: alley, alley, alley.

11. Prepositions.
Write out the word, put a question or another word between the preposition and the word.

For example: in the forest - in _ (pine) forest. Write 2 more words for the same rule.

Compose and write a proposal.

12. Attachments.
Write out the word, select the prefix, write 2 more words with this prefix.

For example: ran, drove, looked.
Compose and write a proposal.
13. Unpronounceable consonants.
Write out the word, choose a test word, underline the spelling.

For example: sad - sadness. Write 2 more words for the same rule.

Compose and write a proposal.
14. Dividing solid sign.
Write out the word, select the prefix, underline b, write 2 more words for the same rule. For example: entrance, congress, detour. Compose and write an offer
15. Soft sign after hissing.
Write out the word, indicate the gender of the noun, underline b.

For example: speech. p., hoop - m. p.

Write 2 more words for the same rule. Compose and write a proposal.
16. Particle not with a verb.
Write out the word, write 2 more verbs with the particle not.

For example: didn’t eat, didn’t want to, didn’t walk.
Write 2 more words for the same rule. Compose and write a proposal.

17. Endings of nouns.
Write out the word, indicate the declension and case, highlight the ending.

For example: to the pier-3 skl., D. p.; in the village-1 skl., P p.
Write 2 more words for the same rule. Compose and write a proposal.

18. Nouns plural. hours, R. p.
Write out the word, underline the hissing, indicate the number and case.

For example: tasks - pl. hours, R. p.
Write 2 more words for the same rule. Compose and write a proposal.

19. Endings of verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation.
Write out the verb, indicate the indefinite form and conjugation, highlight the ending. For example: writes (write) - 1 ref., build (build) - 2 ref.
Memo. 1 ref. - verbs with endings -e, -ut, -yut; all the rest and (shave, lay). 2 ref. - verbs with endings -i, -at, -yat; verbs on -it and (endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, see, watch, drive, hold, breathe, hear).
Write 2 more words for the same rule. Compose and write a proposal.

Checked unstressed vowels

Spelling of paired consonants

Silent consonants

Algorithm for writing a soft sign at the end of nouns after pinching

Punctuation marks when addressing

Phonetic parsing