The most important dates in the history of Russia,
things to remember when taking the exam
- 6th century n. e., from 530 - the Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the people grew / Russ
- 860 - the first campaign of the Rus against Constantinople
- 862 - The year to which the "Tale of Bygone Years" relates the "calling of the Norman king" Rurik.
- 911 - Campaign Kyiv prince Oleg to Tsargrad and an agreement with Byzantium.
- 941 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
- 944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
- 945 - 946 - Submission to Kyiv of the Drevlyans
- 957 - Princess Olga's trip to Tsargrad
- 964–966 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases and Kasogs
- 967–971 - War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
- 988–990 - The beginning of the baptism of Rus'
- 1037 - Laying of the Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
- 1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
- 1045–1050 - Construction of the Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod
- 1054–1073 - Presumably during this period, "The Truth of the Yaroslavichs" appears
- 1056–1057 - "Ostromir Gospel"
- 1073 - "Izbornik" of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
- 1097 - The first congress of princes in Lyubech
- 1100 - The second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
- 1116 - The appearance of the "Tale of Bygone Years" in the edition of Sylvestor
- 1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow
- 1158–1160 - Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
- 1169 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- February 25, 1170 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- 1188 - Approximate date of the appearance of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
- 1202 - Founding of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
- 1206 - Proclamation of Temujin as the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him
- 1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsy on the river. Kalka
- 1224 - Capture of Yuryev (Tartu) by the Germans
- 1237 - Unification of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
- 1237–1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'
- March 4, 1238 - Battle on the river. City
- 1240 July 15 - Victory Prince of Novgorod Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva
- 1240 December 6 (or November 19) - The capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
- April 5, 1242 - "Battle on the Ice" on Lake Peipsi
- 1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
- 1262 - Revolt against the Mongol-Tatars in Rostov, Vladimir, Suzdal, Yaroslavl
- 1327 - uprising against the Mongol-Tatars in Tver
- 1367 - Construction of the stone Kremlin in Moscow
- 1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. vozhe
- September 8, 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo
- 1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow
- 1385 - Kreva union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland
- 1395 - The defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
- 1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. Ragrom of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
- 1469–1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India
- 1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
- 1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
- 1484–1508 - Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Palace of Facets
- 1507–1508, 1512–1522 - Wars of the Muscovite state with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
- 1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow
- January 16, 1547 - The wedding of Ivan IV to the kingdom
- 1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the archery army
- October 3, 1550 - Decree on the placement of the "chosen thousand" in the districts adjacent to Moscow
- 1551 - February-May - Stoglavy Cathedral of the Russian Church
- 1552 - Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of the Kazan Khanate
- 1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Russia
- 1558–1583 - Livonian War
- 1565–1572 - Oprichnina
- 1569 - Union of Lublin. The formation of the Commonwealth
- 1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Commonwealth in Zapolsky Pit
- 1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
- 1590–1593 - War of the Russian state with Sweden
- May 1591 - The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
- 1595 - Conclusion of the Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden
- 1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
- 1604 October - Intervention of False Dmitry I Russian state
- 1605 June - The overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
- 1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the assassination of False Dmitry I
- 1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
- 1609–1618 - Open Polish-Swedish intervention
- 1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the interventionists
- 1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
- October 26, 1612 - The capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
- 1613 - February 7–21 - Election by the Zemsky Sobor to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
- 1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
- 1648 - Uprising in Moscow - "Salt Riot"
- 1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
- 1649–1652 - Campaigns of Yerofey Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur
- 1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs
- 1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
- 1654 January 8–9 - Pereyaslav Rada Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
- 1654–1667 - War between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
- January 30, 1667 - Truce of Andrusovo
- 1670–1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin
- 1676–1681 - The war of Russia with Turkey and the Crimea for the Right-bank Ukraine
- January 3, 1681 - Truce of Bakhchisaray
- 1682 - Abolition of parochialism
- 1682 May - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
- 1686 - "Perpetual Peace" with Poland
- 1687–1689 - Crimean campaigns book. V.V. Golitsyn
- August 27, 1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
- 1689 September - The overthrow of Princess Sophia
- 1695–1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
- 1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
- 1697–1698 - "The Great Embassy" of Peter I in Western Europe
- 1698 April-June - Streltsy revolt
- 1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new chronology from January 1, 1700
- 1700 July 13 - Constantinople truce with Turkey
- 1700–1721 - Northern war of Russia with Sweden
- 1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
- 1700 November 19 - defeat of Russian troops near Narva
- 1703 - The first exchange in Russia (merchants' meeting) in St. Petersburg
- 1703 - Edition of the textbook "Arithmetic" by Magnitsky
- 1707–1708 - Uprising on the Don K. Bulavin
- June 27, 1709 - The defeat of the Swedish troops at Poltava
- 1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
- 1712 - Decree for the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
- March 23, 1714 - Decree of Uniform Succession
- July 27, 1714 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
- 1721 August 30 - Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
- October 22, 1721 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
- January 24, 1722 - Table of Ranks
- 1722–1723 - Persian campaign Peter I
- January 28, 1724 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- January 28, 1725 - Death of Peter I
- 1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
- May 6, 1727 - death of Catherine I
- January 19, 1730 - Death of Peter II
- 1731 - Repeal of the decree of single inheritance
- January 21, 1732 - Treaty of Resht with Persia
- 1734 - "Treatise on Friendship and Commerce" between Russia and England
- 1735–1739 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1736 - Decree on the "perpetual fixing" of artisans in manufactories
- 1740 from 8 to 9 November - Palace coup, the overthrow of the regent Biron. Announcement of the regent Anna Leopoldovna
- 1741–1743 - Russia's war with Sweden
- November 25, 1741 - Palace coup, enthronement of Elizabeth Petrovna by the guards
- June 16, 1743 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
- January 12, 1755 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
- August 30, 1756 - Decree on the establishment of a Russian theater in St. Petersburg (troupe of F. Volkov)
- 1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of the Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
- September 28, 1760 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
- February 18, 1762 - Manifesto "On the Liberty of the Nobility"
- July 6, 1762 - Murder of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
- 1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
- 1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
- 1766 - Accession to Russia of the Aleutian Islands
- 1769 - First external loan in Amsterdam
- 1770 June 24–26 – Defeat Turkish fleet in the Chesme Bay
- 1773–1775 - The first section of the Commonwealth
- 1773–1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
- July 10, 1774 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
- 1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities
- 1787–1791 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1788–1790 - Russo-Swedish War December 29, 1791 - Treaty of Jassy with Turkey
- 1793 - Second partition of the Commonwealth
- 1794 - Polish uprising led by T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
- 1795 - Third Partition of Poland
- 1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796–1797 - War with Persia
- 1797 - April 5 - "Institution of the imperial family"
- 1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns by A.V. Suvorov
- 1799 - Formation of the "United Russian-American Company"
- January 18, 1801 - Manifesto on the annexation of Georgia to Russia
- 1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
- 1804–1813 - Russo-Iranian War
- November 20, 1805 - Battle of Austerlitz
- 1806–1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
- June 25, 1807 - Peace of Tilsit
- 1808–1809 - Russo-Swedish War
- 1810 January 1 - Establishment of the Council of State
- 1812 - Invasion" great army» Napoleon in Russia. Patriotic War
- August 26, 1812 - Battle of Borodino
- January 1, 1813 - Beginning of the foreign campaign of the Russian army
- 1813 October 16–19 – "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
- March 19, 1814 - Allied troops enter Paris
- 1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
- December 14, 1825 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
- 1826–1828 - Russo-Iranian War
- October 20, 1827 - Battle of Navarino Bay
- 1828 February 10 - Treaty of Turkmenchay with Iran
- 1828–1829 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
- 1835 July 26 - University charter
- October 30, 1837 - Opening railway Petersburg-Tsarskoye Selo
- 1839–1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina
- 1853 - Opening of the "Free Russian Printing House" by A.I. Herzen in London
- 1853 - Cocaid campaign of the gene. V.A. Perovsky
- 1853–1856 - Crimean War
- 1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
- 1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
- 1860 May 31 - Establishment of the State Bank
- 1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
- 1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
- 1863 June 18 - University charter
- 1864 November 20 - Judicial reform decree. "New judicial statutes"
- 1865 - Military judicial reform
- January 1, 1874 - "Charter on military service"
- 1874 spring - The first mass "going to the people" of revolutionary populists
- April 25, 1875 - Treaty of Petersburg between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
- 1876–1879 - The second "Land and freedom"
- 1877–1878 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1879 August - The split of "Land and Freedom" into "Black Repartition" and "Narodnaya Volya"
- 1881 March 1 - Murder revolutionary populists Alexander II
- 1885 January 7–18 – Morozov strike
- 1892 - Russo-French secret military convention
- 1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
- May 18, 1896 - Khodynskaya tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
- 1898 March 1–2 - I Congress of the RSDLP
- 1899 May-July - I Hague Peace Conference
- 1902 - Formation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs)
- 1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War
- January 9, 1905 - " Bloody Sunday". Beginning of the first Russian revolution
- 1905 April - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the "Union of the Russian People".
- 1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies
- 1905 May 14–15 – Battle of Tsushima
- 1905 June 9–11 – Łódź Uprising
- 1905 June 14–24 - Uprising on the battleship Potemkin
- 1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
- October 7, 1905 - Beginning of the All-Russian political strike
- 1905 October 12–18 – Constituent Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
- 1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
- October 17, 1905 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
- 1905 November - The emergence of the "Union of October 17" (Octobrists)
- 1905 December 9–19 - Moscow armed uprising
- 1906 April 27-July 8 - First State Duma
- 1906 November 9 - Beginning of the agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin
- 1907 February 20-June 2 - II State Duma
- November 1, 1907 - July 9, 1912 - III State Duma
- 1908 - Formation of the reactionary "Union of Michael the Archangel"
- November 15, 1912 - February 25, 1917 - IV State Duma
- 1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. The beginning of the first world war
- 1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilovsky breakthrough
- December 17, 1916 - Assassination of Rasputin
- February 26, 1917 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
- February 27, 1917 - February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
- March 3, 1917 - Abdication led. book. Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
- 1917 June 9–24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
- 1917 August 12–15 - State meeting in Moscow
- 1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
- 1917 September 14–22 – All-Russian Democratic Conference in Petrograd
- 1917 October 24–25 – Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
- October 25, 1917 - Opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets
- October 26, 1917 - Decrees of the Soviets on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
- 1917 November 12 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
- December 7, 1917 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution (VChK)
- December 14, 1917 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
- December 18, 1917 - Independence of Finland
- 1918–1922 - Civil War on the territory of the former Russian Empire
- January 6, 1918 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
- January 26, 1918 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
- 1918 - March 3 - The conclusion of the Brest peace
- May 25, 1918 - Beginning of the uprising of the Czechoslovak Corps
- July 10, 1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
- 1920 January 16 - Lifting of the blockade Soviet Russia Entente
- 1920 - Soviet-Polish war
- 1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
- 1921 March 8–16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on the "new economic policy"
- March 18, 1921 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
- 1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
- 1922 April 16 - Rappal Separate Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
- December 27, 1922 - Formation of the USSR
- December 30, 1922 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
- January 31, 1924 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
- 1928 October - 1932 December - First five-year plan. Beginning of industrialization in the USSR
- 1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
- 1933–1937 - Second Five Year Plan
- December 1, 1934 - Assassination of S.M. Kirov. Deployment of mass terror in the USSR
- December 5, 1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
- August 23, 1939 - Soviet-German non-aggression pact
- 1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
- September 17, 1939 - The entry of Soviet troops into Poland
- September 28, 1939 - Soviet-German treaty "on friendship and borders"
- 1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
- June 28, 1940 - The entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
- 1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
- April 13, 1941 - Soviet-Japanese treaty about neutrality
- June 22, 1941 - Attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 September 2 - Japan's Unconditional Surrender Act
- November 20, 1945 - October 1, 1946 - Nuremberg Trials
- 1946–1950 - The fourth five-year plan. Restoration of the destroyed National economy
- 1948 August - Session of VASKhNIL. Launch of the campaign against "Morganism" and "Cosmopolitanism"
- 1949 January 5–8 - Creation of CMEA
- August 29, 1949 - First test atomic bomb in USSR
- June 27, 1954 - Start-up of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
- 1955 14m; 1st - Creation of the Organization Warsaw Pact(ATS)
- 1955 July 18–23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, the USA and France in Geneva
- 1956 February 14–25 - XX Congress of the CPSU
- June 30, 1956 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences"
- 1957 July 28-August 11 - VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow
- October 4, 1957 - Launch of the first in the world in the USSR artificial satellite Earth
- April 12, 1961 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on spaceship"East"
- March 18, 1965 - Pilot-cosmonaut A.A. Leonova in outer space
- 1965 - Reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
- June 6, 1966 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers of the USSR "On the public call of youth to the most important construction projects of the five-year plan"
- 1968 August 21 - Intervention of the countries of the Warsaw Treaty Organization in Czechoslovakia
- 1968 - Open letter Academician A.D. Sakharov to the Soviet leadership
- 1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
- May 26, 1972 - Signing in Moscow of the "Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA". The beginning of the policy of "détente"
- February 1974 - Expulsion from the USSR A.I. Solzhenitsyn
- 1975 July 15–21 - Joint Soviet-American experiment under the Soyuz-Apollo program
- 1975 July 30-August 1 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki). Signing of the Final Act by 33 European countries, the USA and Canada
- October 7, 1977 - Adoption of the Constitution of "developed socialism" of the USSR
- December 24, 1979 - The beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
- 1980 January - Link A.D. Sakharov to Gorky
- 1980 July 19-August 3 - Olympic Games in Moscow
- May 24, 1982 - Adoption of the Food Program
- November 19–21, 1985 - Meeting of M.S. Gorbachev and US President R. Reagan in Geneva. Restoration of the Soviet-American political dialogue
- April 26, 1986 - Accident on Chernobyl nuclear power plant
- 1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of "perestroika" in the USSR
- 1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX conference of the CPSU. Start political reform in USSR
- 1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of amendments to the Constitution of the USSR
- 1990 March 11 - Adoption of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
- 1990 March 12–15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
- 1990 May 1st-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
- March 17, 1991 - Referendum on the preservation of the USSR and the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR
- June 12, 1991 - Presidential elections in Russia
- 1991 July 1 - Dissolution in Prague of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (OVD)
- 1991 August 19–21 - Attempted coup d'état in the USSR (GKChP Case)
- 1991 September - The entry of troops into Vilnius. Coup attempt in Lithuania
- 1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth Independent States»and the dissolution of the USSR
- January 2, 1992 - Price liberalization in Russia
- 1992 February 1 - Declaration by Russia and the United States on the end of the Cold War
- March 13, 1992 - Initialing of the Federal Treaty of the Republics in the composition Russian Federation
- March 1993 - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
- April 25, 1993 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policy of the President of Russia
- 1993 June - The work of the constitutional meeting on the preparation of the draft Constitution of Russia
- September 21, 1993 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin "On a phased constitutional reform" and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
- 1993 October 3–4 – Demonstrations and armed uprisings by the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the building of the Supreme Council by troops loyal to the President
- December 12, 1993 - Elections to the State Duma and the Federation Council. Referendum on the draft of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation
- January 11, 1994 - Beginning of work State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow
Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination
Average general education
UMK line I. L. Andreeva, O. V. Volobueva. History (10-11) (U)
Atlases and contour maps. Russian history. Historical and cultural standard
Line UMK Kiseleva-Popov. History of Russia (10-11)
Analysis of the exam in the history of 2017
How to successfully pass the exam in history? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, to know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good understanding of the culture of our country in different periods its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless collection of names and dates, and those who choose history as an exam subject are perceived as "weirdos - nerds."
In this article, it is not my task to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and fascinating the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the way of reasoning when solving various tasks, which will make the exam less "scary". In view of the fact that history is likely to become mandatory for passing the exam subject, the article will be useful to many students. So let's get started.
We have a demo version of the exam 2017, compiled by FIPI. It has 25 tasks, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.
How to pass the exam and the OGE for 100 points: the secrets of teachers- Write down the term you are talking about.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.
As is known, the period from 1565 to 1572. in the reign of Ivan the Terrible they are called oprichnina. Regarding the essence and motives of the oprichnina, historians do not have an agreed position, but there are no particular problems with describing it. Gone in the winter 1564 from Moscow, the tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to judge the boyars, and the division of the country into an "oprichnina" under the control of the tsar and a "zemshchina" under the control of the Boyar Duma.
Answer: land.
- Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task, we need to compare the fact and the process. It is better to start from the fact, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we will go from the opposite.
A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the "Russian Truth" in 11th century Firstly, this is the first written set of laws in Rus' (here is the formation), and, secondly, Old Russian state lasted until the beginning of fragmentation in 13th century, so the rest of the facts do not fit chronologically.
B) The reforms of the Chosen Council were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549 called the Cathedral of Reconciliation.
C) The policy of "enlightened absolutism", that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on the rule of law and declaring the main goal of achieving the welfare of the subjects, is strongly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (got its name because it had to adopt a new "code", that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 it was during the reign of Catherine II, who was sure that correct and modern laws would help the rapid development of the country.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees “On Peace” and “On Land”, adopted at the II Congress of Soviets in October 1917 after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain broad popular support.
- Set correspondence between fragments historical sources and them brief characteristics: for each fragment, indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics, indicated by numbers.
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A) “The courts between which the Treaty of Paris is concluded ... together with other sovereigns and powers allied to them ... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up ... one main treatise and attach to it, as inseparable parts, all the other provisions of the congress. ... The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts, which are assigned a different appointment in the following articles, forever joins the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be inseparable from Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the Emperor of All Russia, his heirs and successors for all eternity. His Imperial Majesty intends to grant, at his own discretion, an internal structure to this state, which has to be under a special government. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland. “His Royal Majesty of Svei gives this for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Svei throne and the kingdom of Svei to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state in perfect unconditional eternal confluence and property in this war, through his royal majesty the weapons from the crown of Svei conquered provinces : Livonia, Estonia, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg fief. ... Against the same, his royal majesty promises in 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications of this peace treaty, or before, if possible, to return to his royal majesty and the crown of Sveiskaya ... The Grand Duchy of Finland ... "
CHARACTERISTICS
1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.
2) By this agreement Russia gained access to the Baltic Sea.
3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.
4) A.L. was a contemporary of the signing of this agreement. Ordin-Nashchokin.
5) This agreement was signed following the results of the Northern War.
6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this agreement, in the early 1830s. there was a massive uprising.
The first fragment is part of the addendum to the Treaty of Paris, which is what is mentioned in the text. The Treaty of Paris was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 after the first abdication of Napoleon. After that, the victorious powers left for a congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrawn the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to accept becoming part of the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising took place in 1830-1831 gg.
The second fragment is part of the Nystadt peace treaty concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood by the mention of Livonia, Estonia and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.
Answer: - Which of the following applies to the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) the introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of a credit and banking system and stock exchanges
5) the abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
NEP - the new economic policy was adopted on X Congress of the RCP (b) in 1921 It was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the leader of the Bolsheviks V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of "war communism", which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely move away from the Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system, stock exchanges and concessions were recreated.
Answer: 246.
- Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want.
A) ______________ conference of the "Big Three" was held in 1943.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle made Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
B) during Battle of Kursk the biggest tank battle at ________________.
Missing items:
1) Yalta (Crimean)
2) N.F. Gastello
3) Prokhorovka station
4) Tehran
5) V.V. Talalikhin
6) Dubosekovo junction
It is difficult to suggest any logic for solving this task. Here you need to know the historical facts. Allied Conference anti-Hitler coalition V 1943 took place in Tehran(there is even a film "Tehran-43"). One of the first night rams was made by pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk, it’s a sin for a school graduate not to know.
Answer: 453.
- Establish a correspondence between events and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge historical facts Fortunately, they are quite famous. The battle on the ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning of the Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest associate of Peter I A.D. participated in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel's army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous Red commanders, M. Frunze.
Answer: 4356.
- Read an excerpt from the memoirs and write the name of the author.
“I saw not only the futility, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even referred: “Imagine my position, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself ...” I put this question on court of historians. My weakness had an effect, or maybe the inner worm was undermining me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, weapons belonged to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided in a purely internal way, in case of war. Inside armed forces This was reported to the highest commanding staff.
The text must be read very carefully. Excerpts are chosen for a reason, they will definitely contain a “beacon”. In this case, we are talking about the post-Stalin period and a person who criticized Stalin, holding a very high position. Already a clear allusion to N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we must be convinced by the title of the post he occupies - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the head of the country was called General Secretary Central Committee of the CPSU.
Answer: Khrushchev.
USE in social studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher - Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element.
Missing items:
1) the adoption of the US constitution
3) civil war in England
4) the end of the Hundred Years War
5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
8) the abolition of serfdom in Russia
9) speech by M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. It requires knowledge of the dates of not only domestic, but also foreign history. The only indulgence is that there are options to choose from and you just need to specify the century. 19th century in the history of Russia is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled, practically, before the very fragmentation, and this is the XII century. ( 1113–1125). Annexation of Pskov ( 1510), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his "95 Theses", which was the beginning of the Reformation. And in late XVIII V. ( 1783) Russian empire annexed Crimea, and English colonies in North America, after the revolution and the war of liberation, the US constitution was adopted ( 1787).
Answer: 862951.
- Read an excerpt from the commander's telegram.
“Everyone was perfectly aware that, given the situation and the actual leadership and direction domestic policy irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it will not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should fall apart in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia. The government took half measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could be saved only by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it is necessary to create a real strong government and improve the rear. General Kornilov presented a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov, not
pursuing no personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the gains of the revolution, considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country ... "Using passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below.Record in a table numbers under which they are listed.
1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.
2) The government referred to in the telegram was called SNK.
5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.
6) The "decisive measures" of General Kornilov, which are indicated in the telegram, were not carried out.
A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, so it is better to act by elimination method, analyzing the proposed options.
1) – no, the described events took place in 1917 after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text refers to the management of politics by "irresponsible public organizations" (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).
2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the "Kornilov rebellion" in August 1917 had not yet happened.
5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.
6) - yes, the "decisive measures" of Kornilov, who was marching with troops on Petrograd, were not carried out. It was stopped by the combined forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.
Answer: 346.
Methodological assistance to a history teacher
- Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying a map, you need to carefully read its legend.
We see that the Russian principalities are singled out separately. So, we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are marked. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. We compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation massively besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.
Answer: Baty.
- Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.
We know that during the first campaign of Batu to Rus', he defeated the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. The capital, the city of Vladimir, was taken by storm in 1238 It is he who is indicated by the number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us to determine this.
Answer: Vladimir.
- Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.
IN 13th century., and it was then that Batu's campaign took place, in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. In Novgorod and Pskov, a republic was established, where the townspeople elected officials for themselves. The number 2 on the map marks Novgorod.
Answer: Novgorod.
- What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Rus' in the winter.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram.
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Rus' from the southeast.
6) The military leader, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state.
Again work with judgments.
- - right, it was in the winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since it was possible not to be afraid of mudslides and use the frozen rivers as roads.
- - incorrectly, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which it was nicknamed the "evil city" by the Mughals.
- - incorrect, Batu did not even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to Novgorod land, and Novgorod managed to pay off the defeat.
- - incorrect, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu's campaign.
- - right, it is from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
- - that's right, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
- Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.
A) "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" was written by an unknown author, and for some time was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsians in the 12th century.
B) "Domostroy" - a collection of teachings and housekeeping rules, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on Novgorod instructive texts.
C) The painting "Boyar Morozova" was painted by Surikov. Boyarynya Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders church schism 17th century
D) The novel "Quiet Flows the Don" was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.
Answer: 4365.
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps in history
- What judgments about this brand are true? Choose two sentences from the five offered. Record in a table numbers
under which they are listed.
1) The military figure depicted on the stamp was subjected to repression.
2) The military figure depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
3) The events depicted on the stamp by arrows took place during the First World War.
4) The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.
In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the right judgments without wasting time on analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see the image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 The date is also on the stamp. 1963 relating to the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.
Answer: 15.
- Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of the events that took place during the life of the military figure depicted on the stamp? Write in your answer two digits
with which these coins are marked.
So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of Russian railways. The road St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third one marks the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. The Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40 years old, respectively, he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also refers to the time of Tukhachevsky's life.
Answer: 34.
- Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the politician who was the leader of the country at the time when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this politician was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to carefully read the text. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: “self-financing”, “Law on the state enterprise”, “cooperation”, “individual labor activity” and, most importantly, “perestroika”, allow us to determine the period - this 1980 - years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "perestroika".
- What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.
We carefully read and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new methods of management, 2) education and health reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
- What is the outcome of the implementation of the Party's strategic course under consideration? Attracting historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this result.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Spasmodic and often ill-conceived attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even the party resolution called "sliding into a crisis", did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ended with the collapse of the USSR.
The reasons for this large-scale, world-changing phenomenon are still being debated on different levels. This issue has a very strong political background. Differences between modern political parties and movements are often based on the attitude towards the collapse of the USSR. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.
1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development, it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on an equal footing with the market economies of developed countries.
2) Despite the declared monolithic nature of the Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies matured within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the Union republics who wanted political independence.
USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher
- many cities Ancient Rus' appeared on the banks of the rivers. Explain what were the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).
Cities on the banks of rivers arose in many countries for similar reasons:
1) water is necessary for a person himself and for running a settled economy (watering plants, watering livestock);
2) rivers in Rus' were of paramount importance for trade. Not without reason, the main Russian cities were located on the waterway "from the Varangians to the Greeks."
3) the city, located on the banks of the river, has protection in the event of an attack by enemies from at least one side (strong walls will protect the others).
- IN historical science there are debatable problems on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science.
"The domestic policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life."
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.
Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments to support:
Arguments in rebuttal:
The reign of Alexander III with the light hand of one St. Petersburg journalist late XIX V. began to be called the "period of counter-reforms", with negative connotations, but even some Soviet historians, despite, in general, a negative attitude towards Alexander III, they recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.
Arguments to support:
- Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including with public funds, which had a positive effect on the economic development of the country.
- The formation of labor legislation began, which facilitated the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments in rebuttal:
- A city "counter-reform" was carried out, which increased the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
- The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant, similar to the power of the landowner over the serf.
- You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods in the history of Russia:
The essay must:
- indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) related to a given period of history;
- name two historical personalities whose activities are associated with the indicated events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the personalities you named in these events (phenomena, processes);
- indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships that characterize the causes of the occurrence of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred in a given period;
- using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, evaluate the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of this period on the further history of Russia.
In the course of the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms, concepts related to this period.
For writing the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning,” as A.S. Pushkin in the poem "To the Censor". This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.
It is not for nothing that the poet designated this era in this way. The young emperor was full of ideas of reforming Russia in order to bring it closer in terms of living standards to Western European countries. For this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary first of all to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his educator with republican convictions, La Harpe, advised the tsar to limit the autocracy, then the first step towards the destruction of serfdom was made by the publication in 1803 of the decree “On free cultivators”. This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I, if possible, to completely abolish serfdom and the fear of indignation of the nobles, allowed the landlords to release the serfs into freedom with land and for a ransom. Despite the small number of peasants liberated in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The emperor demonstrated to society his attitude towards serfdom, and, in addition, some of the provisions of the "Decree" were implemented in the peasant reform of 1861.
The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. A native of the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. The emperor in the first years of his reign had not yet abandoned the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated, possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky hatched grandiose plans for the transformation Russian system management: restrictions on autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, the creation of the State Council, uniting all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made it impossible to implement serfdom. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 was realized, and only with legislative functions. Yielding to the pressure of the “high society”, who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having ties with Napoleon, Alexander I sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and reformative plans at this time turned out to be unclaimed, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be implemented, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but it's too late.
Arrange historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in correct sequence to the table.
1) Crimean War
2) the reform of Patriarch Nikon
3) fall Byzantine Empire
To solve this task, we, of course, need to know the dates, but since it does not require a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, also known as Eastern in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853–1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the XVII century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.
Answer: 321.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Here again the dates, but more difficult - you need to accurately correlate with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very famous, for those who chose history on the exam, for sure. The first mention of Moscow in the annals - 1147, Caribbean crisis- of course, Khrushchev and 1962, Battle of Borodino and World War II 1812 known to anyone, Copper rebellion under the "Quiet" king - 1662
Answer: 2643.
Below is a list of terms. All of them, except two , refer to the events (phenomena) of the XIX century.
1) free cultivators; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June third coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) Octobrists.
Find and write sequence numbers terms related to another historical period.
And here are the terms! Free cultivators appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803, ministries almost at the same time - in 1802, participants in the December uprising began to be called Decembrists 1825, the third of June coup is called a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without agreement with the Duma itself in 1907, magistrates appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864, and Octobrists were called members of the Union of October 17, created in 1905 According to the 19th century the June 3rd coup and the Octobrists are not included.
Answer: 46.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference ... states: the strategic course worked out by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for the comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is steadily being put into practice. The country's slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been suspended...
The process of improving the country's economy, its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of the people, has begun. New methods of management are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The law on cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-production labor relations on the basis of contracts and leases, as well as individual labor activity. Perestroika underway organizational structures management, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched on the initiative of the Party made it possible to resume the growth of the real incomes of the working people. Practical measures are being taken to increase the production of food and consumer goods, and to expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being carried out. Spiritual life is becoming a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the current realities of world development, to renew and give dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society, exerting an ever-increasing transformative influence on it.
And I know all the dates USE history 2018. Today I will tell you how easy it is to learn general history for passing the exam.
Features of General History
Sometimes when preparing for a history exam in this subject, we simply score, but in vain! Of course, you can focus all your attention on the History of Russia and hope to pass, but the General History makes up 10 percent of the entire exam anyway. You should not be content with passing scores to the nearest university, you need to score a maximum in order to independently choose any educational institution.
By not learning General History, you can lose up to 20 secondary points, so 100 points can be forgotten. That is why it is necessary to teach, especially since it is not as scary as it seems, and for me personally, studying the "worldwide" turned out to be much more interesting and entertaining than studying national history. It just seems that it is impossible to remember a huge number of events and persons, but the main thing is to systematize the information. Well, based on personal experience I can say that the Universal History does not have to be memorized, as Russian history, not counting the dates on the history of the USE 2016, it is important to know them thoroughly.
How to organize your studies?
It is best to tie dates to specific individuals and processes. Thus, the entire large volume will be divided into several blocks. In fact, there are already similar periods and you can use the ready-made classification.
So, the General History consists of several parts:
- Antiquity (...-476 AD)
- Early Middle Ages (V-IX centuries)
- Developed Middle Ages (XII-XV centuries)
- Late Middle Ages (XVI-mid XVII century)
- Early New Time (mid-17th-18th century)
- Late New Time (XVIII-1914)
- Newest time(1914-1991)
This is really important to remember and understand, because such a periodization will greatly facilitate your work with the world. It is also worth saying that the period of Antiquity is not included in the Unified State Examination, but it is just as important to study it in order to understand where history begins at all, because if you start teaching immediately from the Early Middle Ages, then sooner or later you will have questions.
Table for dates
Having dealt with periodization, you should pay attention to USE dates on history and historical processes. To do this, I advise you to draw a table, which you will divide into three columns, in the first write the required date, in the second describe the historical process in in general terms(preferably in your own words), and in the third of the individuals who took part in this historical process. Of course, there are ready-made tables and charts, but self-compilation will help you remember the data better. Information presented in one's own words is easier to fit in the head, and during recording, mechanical memory is triggered.
In order to better remember, you can associate the dates of foreign history with the dates of the domestic one, this also helps a lot. Well, for general concept processes, you should watch the video (see below) and read, so do not be lazy, go to the library, take the most ordinary school textbook on General History (everything is well, clearly and in detail described in it).
Where is World History in the Unified State Examination?
And finally, it’s worth saying that the world is found in tasks: 1, 6, 11, 23 and 24, so feel free to take any exam book or go to the “Solve the Unified State Examination” website and train. These simple and uncomplicated actions will be enough for you to learn this sinister Universal History and not lose precious points. And if you want to prepare for the exam in history in 2018, apply to study at the Ivan Nekrasov School. Here is a rational approach. You can gain knowledge that will help you easily pass the exam with the maximum number points. Modern techniques and useful tips will help even those who are poorly versed in the subject. Everything is in your hands, good luck!
Read the blog to learn even more interesting features about the preparation and decide how to learn Russian history dates quickly!
Chronological table with dates on the history of Russia.
6th century - The legend of Prince Kiy - the founder of the city of Kyiv.
9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state
860 - Rus' campaign against Constantinople.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg's campaigns against Tsargrad. Treaty with the Greeks.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - Rebellion of the Drevlyans.
957 - Olga's embassy in Constantinople.
964-972 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - The reign of Vladimir I.
988 - The adoption of Christianity by Russia.
1015 - The uprising in Novgorod against the Varangians.
1019-1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1068-1072 - Popular performances in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Chernigov lands.
1097 - Lyubech congress of Russian princes.
1113 - Uprising in Kyiv.
1113-1125 - Vladimir Monomakh's reign.
1136 -- Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - The first mention in the annals of Moscow.
Beginning of the XII-end of the XV centuries. - Feudal fragmentation of Rus'.
1169 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1206-1227 - The reign of Genghis Khan.
1219-1221 - Mongol-Tatar conquest of Central Asia.
Early 13th century - Formation of the Lithuanian state.
1227-1255 - The reign of Batu.
1235-1243 - The Mongol-Tatars conquered Transcaucasia.
1236 - The conquest of the Volga Bulgaria by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237-1240 - The conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - Formation of the Livonian Order.
1243 - Formation of the state of the Golden Horde.
1247 - Formation of the Tver principality.
1252-1263 - Alexander Nevsky - Grand Duke of Vladimir.
1262 - Uprisings in Russian cities against the Mongol-Tatars.
1276 - Formation of the Moscow principality.
1299 - Metropolitan moved from Kyiv to Vladimir.
1301 - Accession of Kolomna to Moscow.
1302 - The entry of Pereyaslavl-Zalessky into the Moscow principality.
1303 - Accession of Mozhaisk to Moscow.
1310 - Adoption of Islam as state religion Golden Horde.
Around 1313-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh.
1327 - The uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1328 - Transfer of the center of the metropolis to Moscow.
1359-1389 - Board of Dmitry Donskoy in Moscow (since 1363 - Grand Duke of Vladimir).
OK. 1360-1430 - Andrei Rublev.
1363 - The victory of the Lithuanian troops over the Horde at Blue Waters. The entry of Kyiv into Lithuania. 1367 - Construction of the white-stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - The first victory over the Golden Horde on the river Vozha.
1382 - The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1385 - Kreva union between Lithuania and Poland.
1393 - Accession Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow.
1395 - The ruin of the Golden Horde by Timur.
1425-1453 - Great feudal war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1437 - Formation of the Kazan Khanate.
1439 - Union of Florence.
1443 - Formation of the Crimean Khanate.
1448 - Election of Jonah to the Russian metropolis. Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462-1505 - The reign of Ivan III
1463 - Accession to Moscow of the Yaroslavl principality.
1469-1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle on the river. Shelons of the Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1474 - Accession to Moscow of Rostov the Great.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - Standing on the river Ugra. The final overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. The construction of cathedrals and the Faceted Chamber, brick walls.
1485 - Accession of Tver to Moscow.
1489 - Accession to Moscow of the Vyatka land.
1497 - Sudebnik of Ivan III.
End of the XV-beginning of the XVI centuries. - Formation of the Russian centralized state.
1500-1503, 1507-1508, 1512-1522, 1534-1537 - Russian-Lithuanian wars.
1502 - End of the Golden Horde.
1503 - Church council on the issue of monastic land ownership (Nil Sorsky - Joseph Volotsky).
1505-1533 - The reign of Basil III.
1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow.
1514 - Accession of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Accession of the Ryazan and Seversk lands to Moscow.
1547 - Uprising in Moscow.
1549 - Beginning of the convocation of Zemsky Sobors.
1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan IV.
1551 - Stoglavy Cathedral.
1552 - Accession of the Kazan Khanate to Moscow.
1552-1557 - The entry of the Volga region into Russia.
1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia.
1558-1583 - Livonian war.
1561 - The defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Beginning of book printing in Russia. "Apostle".
1565-1572 - Oprichnina.
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Commonwealth.
1581 - The first mention of reserved years.
1581 - Yermak's campaign in Siberia.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky truce with Poland.
1583 - Peace of Plus with Sweden.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate. Patriarch Job.
1591 - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich.
1592 - Compilation of scribe and census books.
1595 - Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden.
1596 - Brest Church Union.
1597 - Decree on a five-year investigation of the fugitives.
1598-1605 - Board of B.F. Godunov.
1603-1604 - Cotton Rebellion.
1605-1606 - Board of False Dmitry I.
1606-1607 - The uprising of I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606-1610 - The reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1607 - Decree on a fifteen-year investigation of the fugitives.
1607-1610 - False Dmitry II. Tushino camp.
1610-1613 - Seven Boyars.
1612, October 26 - Liberation from the interventionists of Moscow by the people's militia under the leadership of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
1617 - Stolbovsky peace with Sweden.
1618 - Deulino truce with Poland.
1645-1676 - Board of Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648-1654 - liberation war Ukrainian people against the Poles under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky.
1649 - Cathedral Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1649 - Zborovsky peace.
1651 - Belotserkovsky peace.
1651 - The beginning of the reforms of Patriarch Nikon. Split.
1654-1667 - War with the Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1661 - Peace of Cardis with Sweden.
1662 - "Copper Riot" in Moscow.
1667 - Andrusovo truce with the Commonwealth.
1667-1669 - "Campaign for zipuns".
1667 - New trade charter.
1667-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S.T. Razin.
1676-1682 - the reign of Fedor Alekseevich.
1676-1681 - War between Russia and Turkey.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682 - Abolition of localism.
1682-1689 - Sophia's reign.
1682-1725 - The reign of Peter I, until 1696, together with Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689 - under the regency of Sophia).
1686 - "Perpetual peace" with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1687, 1689 - Crimean campaigns by V.V. Golitsyn.
1689 - Nerchinsk treaty with China.
1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I.
1697-1698 - "Great Embassy".
1700-1721 - Northern War.
1707-1708 - an uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708-1710 - Establishment of provinces.
1710-1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1713 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - Decree on single inheritance.
1718-1721 - Establishment of colleges.
1720 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam Island.
1721 - Permission to buy peasants to factories.
1721 - Establishment of the Synod.
1722 - Table of ranks.
1722 - Decree on the succession to the throne: the emperor himself can appoint himself an heir
1722-1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725-1727 - The reign of Catherine I.
1726-1730 - Supreme Privy Council.
1727-1730 - The reign of Peter P.
1730-1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. Bironovshchina.
1731 - Cancellation of single inheritance.
1741-1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1750 - Opening of the first Russian theater in Yaroslavl.
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War.
1761-1762 - The reign of Peter Sh.
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.
1762-1796 -Reign of Catherine II.
1764 - Secularization of church property.
1764 - Liquidation of the hetmanate in Ukraine.
1768 - Beginning of the issue of banknotes.
1767-1768 - Laid Commission,
1768-1774 - Russian-Turkish war. Kyuchuk-Kainarji world.
1771 Plague riot in Moscow.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland.
1773-1775 - The uprising of E.I. Pugachev.
1775 -- Establishment of the provinces of the Russian Empire.
1783 - Georgievsky treatise. Transition of Eastern Georgia; under Russian protectorate.
1785 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 -Russian-Turkish war. Jassy world.
1796-1801 - Reign of Paul I
1797 - Manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1801-1825 - Reign of Alexander I Pavlovich.
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on "free cultivators".
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian war.
1805-1807 - Russia's participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1806-1812 - Russian-Turkish war.
1807 - Peace of Tilsit.
1810 - Creation of the State Council.
December 21, 1812 - Order of M.I. Kutuzov for the army to expel the French army from Russia.
1813-1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig.
1816-1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1818-1821 - Activities of the Union of Welfare.
1820 - Rebellion in the Semyonovsky regiment.
1821 - Formation of the Southern Society.
1822 - Formation of the Northern Society.
1823 - Formation of the Society of United Slavs.
1825-1855 - The reign of Nicholas I Pavlovich.
1826 - Publication of the "cast-iron" censorship charter.
1826-1828 - Russian-Iranian war.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish war.
1837 - Construction of the railway from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoye Selo.
1837-1841 - P.D. Kiselyov carried out a reform of the management of state peasants. 1839-1843 - Monetary reform of E.F. Kankrin.
1842 - Publication of the decree on "obliged peasants".
1844-1849 - Activities of the secret circle of M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1845 - Formation of the Slavic Society of St. Cyril and Methodius.
1853-1856 - Creation of the "Free Russian Printing House".
1855-1881 - Reign of Alexander II Nikolaevich.
1855 - Signing of the Shimodsky treaty between Russia and Japan.
1856 - Paris Congress.
1860 - Beijing treaty between Russia and China.
1861-1863 - Activities of the secret circle "Great Russian".
1861-1864 - Activities of the organization "Land and Freedom".
1864 - Judicial, zemstvo and school reforms.
1864-1885 - The conquest of Central Asia by Russia.
1866 - Formation of the Turkestan Governor-General.
1868 - Establishment of vassal dependence of the Emirate of Bukhara from Russia.
1870 - Foundation of the Russian section of the First International.
1870 - Publication of the "City Regulations".
1873 - Establishment of the Union of the Three Emperors.
1874 - Military reform. The introduction of universal military service.
1874 - The first "going to the people."
1875 - Treatise of Russia and Japan on the division of possessions in the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.
1876 - The entry of the Kokand Khanate into Russia.
1876-1879 - Activities of the organization "Land and Freedom".
1876 - The second "going to the people."
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish war.
1878 - Signing of the San Stefano peace treaty.
1878 - Berlin Congress.
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization "Narodnaya Volya".
1879-1881 - Activities of the Black Redistribution organization.
1881-1894 - Reign of Alexander III Aleksadrovich.
1881 - Adoption of the "Regulations on measures for the protection state security and public peace."
1882 - Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1885 - A strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
1887 - Circular about "cook's children".
1889 - Adoption of the "Regulations on zemstvo chiefs".
1890 - Adoption of the "Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions" (zemstvo counter-reform).
1891-1894 - Registration of the Franco-Russian Union.
1892 - Adoption of the "City Regulations" (city counter-reform).
1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II Alexandrovich.
1895 - Creation of the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class".
1897 - The first general population census in Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform S.Yu. Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP.
1901 - "Obukhov defense".
1902 - Unification of neo-populist circles. Creation of the "Party of Socialist Revolutionaries".
1904-1905 - Russo-Japanese war.
1904, January 26-27 - Japanese ships attack Russian squadrons in Port Arthur and Chemulpo.
1905 - Creation of the "Union of the Russian people".
1907 - Creation of the "Union of Michael the Archangel".
1907-1912 - Activities of the III State Duma.
1917, February 27 - Formation of the Committee of the State Duma and the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, March 2 - Abdication of Nicholas II from the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. Establishment of dual power in Russia.
1917, October 24-26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet government. (Great October Socialist Revolution).
1929 - Beginning of continuous collectivization.
1957 - Civil industry management reform. Creation of economic councils.
1959 - Visit of N.S. Khrushchev in the USA. 1959-1965 - Seven-year plan.
1970 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU.
1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU.
1982 - Adoption of the Food Program.
1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU.
1987-1991 - The period of "perestroika" in the USSR.
1988 - XIX All-Union Party Conference.
1991 Dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Treaty Organization.
1991, December 8 - Belovezhskaya agreement on the dissolution of the CCCI and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
1993, September 21 - Decree of President Boris Yeltsin on the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia and the dissolution of the Supreme Council.
1993, October 3-4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
LEADERS OF THE SOVIET STATE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
head of state
(Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, since 1923 - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, since 1938 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, from May 1989 to March 1990 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, since March 1990 - President of the USSR, since December 1991 - President of the Russian Federation).
1. Kamenev Lev Borisovich - November 1917 (according to the new style)
3. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - March 1919 - March 1946
4. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - March 1946 - March 1953
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - March 1953 - May 1960
7. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - July 1964 - December 1965
8. Podgorny Nikolai Viktorovich - December 1965 - June 1977
9. Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich - June 1983 - February 1984
10. Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich - April 1984 - March 1985
11. Andrey Andreyevich Gromyko - July 1985 - October 1988
12. Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich - October 1988 - December 1991
13. Yeltsin Boris Nikolaevich - June 1991 to December 1999
Head of the government
(Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, from July 1923 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, from March 1946 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1990 to December 1991 - Prime Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR, from December 1991 - Prime Minister Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation)
1. Lenin Vladimir Ilyich - November 1917 - January 1924
2. Rykov Alexey Ivanovich - February 1924 - December 1930
3. Molotov Vyachevlav Mikhailovich - December 1930 - May 1941
4. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich - May 1941 - March 1953
5. Georgy Maksimilianovich Malenkov - March 1953 - February 1955
6. Bulganin Nikolay Alexandrovich - February 1955 - March 1958
7. Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich - March 1958 - October 1964
8. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich - October 1964 - October 1980
9. Tikhonov Nikolai Alexandrovich - October 1980 - September 1985
10. Ryzhkov Nikolai Ivanovich - September 1985 - December 1990
11. Pavlov Valentin Sergeevich - December 1990 - August 1991
12. Gaidar Egor Timurovich - Spanish. obligatory – December 1991 – December 1992
13. Chernomyrdin Viktor Stepanovich - December 1992 - March 1998
14. Kirienko Sergey Vladilenovich - March 1998 - August 1998
15. Primakov Evgeny Maksimovich - September 1998 - May 1999
18. Kasyanov Mikhail Mikhailovich - May 2000 - to the present
Head of Comm, parties
(General Secretary of the Central Committee, from 1953 to 1966 First Secretary of the Central Committee).
Home " " Dates in the history of Russia: chronology
Must necessarily include the memorization of several of the most important dates in the history of Russia. We offer a list to remember the most important of them:
Brief Chronology of the History of Russia.
- 6th century n. e., from 530 - the Great Migration of the Slavs. The first mention of the people grew / Russ
- 860 - the first campaign of the Rus against Constantinople
- 862 - The year to which the "Tale of Bygone Years" relates the "calling of the Norman king" Rurik.
- 911 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Oleg to Constantinople and an agreement with Byzantium.
- 941 - The campaign of the Kyiv prince Igor to Constantinople.
- 944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
- 945 - 946 - Submission to Kyiv of the Drevlyans
- 957 - Princess Olga's trip to Tsargrad
- 964–966 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav against the Kama Bulgarians, Khazars, Yases and Kasogs
- 967–971 - War of Prince Svyatoslav with Byzantium
- 988–990 - The beginning of the baptism of Rus'
- 1037 - Laying of the Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv
- 1043 - Prince Vladimir's campaign against Byzantium
- 1045–1050 - Construction of the Sophia Cathedral in Novgorod
- 1073 - "Izbornik" of Prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich
- 1100 - The second congress of princes in Uvetichi (Vitichev)
- 1147 - The first annalistic mention of Moscow
- 1158–1160 - Construction of the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir-on-Klyazma
- 1169 - The capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- February 25, 1170 - Victory of the Novgorodians over the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky and his allies
- 1188 - Approximate date of the appearance of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
- 1202 - Founding of the Order of the Sword (Livonian Order)
- 1206 - Proclamation of Temujin as the "Great Khan" of the Mongols and the adoption of the name of Genghis Khan by him
- 1223 May 31 - Battle of Russian princes and Polovtsy on the river. Kalka
- 1224 - Capture of Yuryev (Tartu) by the Germans
- 1237 - Unification of the Order of the Sword and the Teutonic Order
- 1237–1238 - The invasion of Khan Batu in North-Eastern Rus'
- March 4, 1238 - Battle on the river. City
- 1240 July 15 - The victory of the Novgorod prince Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedish knights on the river. Neva
- 1240 December 6 (or November 19) - The capture of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars
- April 5, 1242 - "Battle on the Ice" on Lake Peipsi
- 1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde.
- 1378 - The first victory of Russian troops over the Tatars on the river. vozhe
- September 8, 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo
- 1382 - Khan Tokhtamysh's campaign against Moscow
- 1395 - The defeat of the Golden Horde by Timur (Tamerlane)
- 1410 July 15 - Battle of Grunwald. Ragrom of German knights by Polish-Lithuanian-Russian troops
- 1469–1472 - Travel of Athanasius Nikitin to India
- 1471 - Ivan III's campaign against Novgorod. Battle on the river Sheloni
- 1480 - "Standing" on the river. Acne. The end of the Tatar-Mongol yoke.
- 1484–1508 - Construction of the Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Palace of Facets
- 1507–1508, 1512–1522 - Wars of the Muscovite state with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Return of Smolensk and Smolensk land
- 1510 - Accession of Pskov to Moscow
- January 16, 1547 - The wedding of Ivan IV to the kingdom
- 1550 - Sudebnik of Ivan the Terrible. Creation of the archery army
- October 3, 1550 - Decree on the placement of the "chosen thousand" in the districts adjacent to Moscow
- 1552 - Capture of Kazan by Russian troops. Accession of the Kazan Khanate
- 1556 - Accession of Astrakhan to Russia
- 1558–1583 - Livonian War
- 1565–1572 - Oprichnina
- 1569 - Union of Lublin. The formation of the Commonwealth
- 1582 January 15 - Truce of the Russian state with the Commonwealth in Zapolsky Pit
- 1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate in Moscow
- 1590–1593 - War of the Russian state with Sweden
- May 1591 - The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich
- 1595 - Conclusion of the Tyavzinsky peace with Sweden
- 1598 January 7 - Death of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich and the end of the Rurik dynasty
- 1604 October - Intervention of False Dmitry I into the Russian state
- 1605 June - The overthrow of the Godunov dynasty in Moscow. Accession of False Dmitry I
- 1606 - Uprising in Moscow and the assassination of False Dmitry I
- 1607 - The beginning of the intervention of False Dmitry II
- 1609–1618 - Open Polish-Swedish intervention
- 1611 March-April - Creation of a militia against the interventionists
- 1611 September-October - Creation of the militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod
- October 26, 1612 - The capture of the Moscow Kremlin by the militia of Minin and Pozharsky
- 1613 - February 7–21 - Election by the Zemsky Sobor to the kingdom of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov
- 1633 - Death of Patriarch Filaret, father of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich
- 1648 - Uprising in Moscow - "Salt Riot"
- 1649 - "Cathedral Code" of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich
- 1649–1652 - Campaigns of Yerofey Khabarov to the Daurian land along the Amur
- 1652 - Nikon's consecration to the patriarchs
- 1653 - Zemsky Sobor in Moscow and the decision to reunite Ukraine with Russia
- 1654 January 8–9 - Pereyaslav Rada Reunification of Ukraine with Russia
- 1654–1667 - War between Russia and Poland over Ukraine
- January 30, 1667 - Truce of Andrusovo
- 1670–1671 - Peasant war led by S. Razin
- 1676–1681 - The war of Russia with Turkey and the Crimea for the Right-bank Ukraine
- January 3, 1681 - Truce of Bakhchisaray
- 1682 - Abolition of parochialism
- 1682 May - Streltsy uprising in Moscow
- 1686 - "Perpetual Peace" with Poland
- 1687–1689 - Crimean campaigns of the book. V.V. Golitsyn
- August 27, 1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China
- 1689 September - The overthrow of Princess Sophia
- 1695–1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I
- 1696 January 29 - death of Ivan V. Establishment of autocracy of Peter I
- 1697–1698 - "The Great Embassy" of Peter I to Western Europe
- 1698 April-June - Streltsy revolt
- 1699 December 20 - Decree on the introduction of a new chronology from January 1, 1700
- 1700 July 13 - Constantinople truce with Turkey
- 1700–1721 - Northern war of Russia with Sweden
- 1700 - Death of Patriarch Adrian. Appointment of Stefan Yavorsky as locum tenens of the patriarchal throne
- 1700 November 19 - defeat of Russian troops near Narva
- 1703 - The first exchange in Russia (merchants' meeting) in St. Petersburg
- 1707–1708 - Uprising on the Don K. Bulavin
- June 27, 1709 - The defeat of the Swedish troops at Poltava
- 1711 - Prut campaign of Peter I
- 1712 - Decree for the establishment of commercial and industrial companies
- March 23, 1714 - Decree of Uniform Succession
- July 27, 1714 - Victory of the Russian fleet over the Swedish at Gangut
- 1721 August 30 - Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden
- October 22, 1721 - Acceptance of the imperial title by Peter I
- January 24, 1722 - Table of Ranks
- 1722–1723 - Persian campaign of Peter I
- January 28, 1724 - Decree on the establishment of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- January 28, 1725 - Death of Peter I
- 1726 February 8 - Establishment of the Supreme Privy Council
- May 6, 1727 - death of Catherine I
- January 19, 1730 - Death of Peter II
- 1731 - Repeal of the decree of single inheritance
- 1735–1739 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1740 from November 8 to 9 - Palace coup, overthrow of the regent Biron. Announcement of the regent Anna Leopoldovna
- 1741–1743 - Russia's war with Sweden
- November 25, 1741 - Palace coup, enthronement of Elizabeth Petrovna by the guards
- June 16, 1743 - Peace of Abo with Sweden
- January 12, 1755 - Decree on the founding of Moscow University
- August 30, 1756 - Decree on the establishment of a Russian theater in St. Petersburg (troupe of F. Volkov)
- 1759 August 1 (12) - Victory of the Russian troops at Kunnersdorf
- September 28, 1760 - Capture of Berlin by Russian troops
- February 18, 1762 - Manifesto "On the Liberty of the Nobility"
- July 6, 1762 - Murder of Peter III and accession to the throne of Catherine II
- 1764 - Establishment of the Smolny Institute in St. Petersburg
- 1764 from July 4 to 5 - Attempted coup by V.Ya. Mirovich. The murder of Ivan Antonovich in the Shlisselburg fortress
- 1770 June 24–26 - Defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Chesme Bay
- 1773–1775 - The first section of the Commonwealth
- 1773–1775 - Peasant war led by E.I. Pugacheva
- July 10, 1774 - Peace of Kuchuk-Kainarzhi with Turkey
- 1783 - Annexation of Crimea to Russia 1785 April 21 - Letters of grant to the nobility and cities
- 1787–1791 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1788–1790 - Russo-Swedish War of 1791 December 29 - Peace of Jassy with Turkey
- 1793 - Second partition of the Commonwealth
- 1794 - Polish uprising led by T. Kosciuszko and its suppression
- 1795 - Third Partition of Poland
- 1796 - Formation of the Little Russian province 1796–1797 - War with Persia
- 1799 - Italian and Swiss campaigns by A.V. Suvorov
- January 18, 1801 - Manifesto on the annexation of Georgia to Russia
- 1801 from March 11 to 12 - Palace coup. Assassination of Paul I. Accession to the throne of Alexander I
- 1804–1813 - Russo-Iranian War
- November 20, 1805 - Battle of Austerlitz
- 1806–1812 - Russia's war with Turkey
- June 25, 1807 - Peace of Tilsit
- 1808–1809 - Russo-Swedish War
- 1810 January 1 - Establishment of the Council of State
- 1812 - Napoleon's "Great Army" invades Russia. Patriotic War
- August 26, 1812 - Battle of Borodino
- January 1, 1813 - Beginning of the foreign campaign of the Russian army
- 1813 October 16–19 – "Battle of the Nations" at Leipzig
- March 19, 1814 - Allied troops enter Paris
- 1814 September 19 -1815 May 28 - Congress of Vienna
- December 14, 1825 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg
- 1826–1828 - Russo-Iranian War
- October 20, 1827 - Battle of Navarino Bay
- 1828 February 10 - Treaty of Turkmenchay with Iran
- 1828–1829 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1829 September 2 - Treaty of Adrianople with Turkey
- 1839–1843 - Monetary reform of Count E. f. Kancrina
- 1853–1856 - Crimean War
- 1854 September - 1855 August - Defense of Sevastopol
- 1856 March 18 - Treaty of Paris
- 1860 May 31 - Establishment of the State Bank
- 1861 February 19 - Abolition of serfdom
- 1861 - Establishment of the Council of Ministers
- 1863 June 18 - University charter
- 1864 November 20 - Judicial reform decree. "New judicial statutes"
- 1865 - Military judicial reform
- April 25, 1875 - Treaty of Petersburg between Russia and Japan (on South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
- 1877–1878 - Russian-Turkish war
- 1879 August - The split of "Land and Freedom" into "Black Repartition" and "Narodnaya Volya"
- 1881 March 1 - Assassination of Alexander II by revolutionary populists
- 1885 January 7–18 – Morozov strike
- 1892 - Russo-French secret military convention
- 1896 - Invention of the radiotelegraph by A.S. Popov
- May 18, 1896 - Khodynskaya tragedy in Moscow during the coronation of Nicholas II
- 1898 March 1–2 - I Congress of the RSDLP
- 1902 - Formation of the party of socialist revolutionaries (SRs)
- 1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War
- 1905 January 9 - "Bloody Sunday" Beginning of the first Russian revolution
- 1905 April - Formation of the Russian Monarchist Party and the "Union of the Russian People".
- 1905 May 12-June 1 - General strike in Ivanovo-Voskresensk. Formation of the first Soviet of Workers' Deputies
- 1905 May 14–15 – Battle of Tsushima
- 1905 June 9–11 – Łódź Uprising
- 1905 June 14–24 - Uprising on the battleship Potemkin
- 1905 August 23 - Treaty of Portsmouth with Japan
- 1905 October 12–18 – Constituent Congress of the Constitutional Democratic Party (Kadets)
- 1905 October 13 - Creation of the St. Petersburg Council of Workers' Deputies
- October 17, 1905 - Manifesto of Nicholas II
- 1905 November - The emergence of the "Union of October 17" (Octobrists)
- 1905 December 9–19 - Moscow armed uprising
- 1906 April 27-July 8 - First State Duma
- 1906 November 9 - Beginning of the agrarian reform P.A. Stolypin
- 1914 July 19 (August 1) - Germany declares war on Russia. The beginning of the first world war
- 1916 May 22-July 31 - Brusilovsky breakthrough
- December 17, 1916 - Assassination of Rasputin
- February 26, 1917 - Beginning of the transition of troops to the side of the revolution
- February 27, 1917 - February Revolution. The overthrow of the autocracy in Russia
- March 3, 1917 - Abdication led. book. Mikhail Alexandrovich. Declaration of the Provisional Government
- 1917 June 9–24 - I All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
- 1917 August 25-September 1 - Kornilov rebellion
- 1917 October 24–25 – Armed Bolshevik coup. Overthrow of the Provisional Government
- October 25, 1917 - Opening of the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets
- October 26, 1917 - Decrees of the Soviets on peace, on land. "Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia"
- 1917 November 12 - Elections to the Constituent Assembly
- December 7, 1917 - Decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution (VChK)
- December 14, 1917 - Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee on the nationalization of banks
- December 18, 1917 - Independence of Finland
- 1918–1922 - Civil war on the territory of the former Russian Empire
- January 6, 1918 - Dispersal of the Constituent Assembly
- January 26, 1918 - Decree on the transition to a new calendar style from February 1 (14)
- 1918 - March 3 - The conclusion of the Brest peace
- July 10, 1918 - Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR
- January 16, 1920 - The blockade of Soviet Russia by the Entente is lifted
- 1920 - Soviet-Polish war
- 1921 February 28-March 18 - Kronstadt uprising
- 1921 March 8–16 - X Congress of the RCP (b). Decision on the "new economic policy"
- March 18, 1921 - Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland
- 1922 April 10-May 19 - Genoa Conference
- 1922 April 16 - Rappal Separate Treaty of the RSFSR with Germany
- December 27, 1922 - Formation of the USSR
- December 30, 1922 - I Congress of Soviets of the USSR
- January 31, 1924 - Approval of the Constitution of the USSR
- 1928 October - 1932 December - First five-year plan. Beginning of industrialization in the USSR
- 1930 - Beginning of complete collectivization
- 1933–1937 - Second Five Year Plan
- December 1, 1934 - Assassination of S.M. Kirov. Deployment of mass terror in the USSR
- December 5, 1936 - Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR
- August 23, 1939 - Soviet-German non-aggression pact
- 1939 September 1 - German attack on Poland. Beginning of World War II
- September 17, 1939 - The entry of Soviet troops into Poland
- September 28, 1939 - Soviet-German treaty "on friendship and borders"
- 1939 November 30 - 1940 March 12 - Soviet-Finnish War
- June 28, 1940 - The entry of Soviet troops into Bessarabia
- 1940 June-July - Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia
- April 13, 1941 - Soviet-Japanese Treaty of Neutrality
- June 22, 1941 - Attack of Nazi Germany and its allies on the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 May 8 - Act of unconditional surrender of Germany. Soviet victory in the Great Patriotic War
- 1945 September 2 - Japan's Unconditional Surrender Act
- November 20, 1945 - October 1, 1946 - Nuremberg Trials
- 1946–1950 - The fourth five-year plan. Restoration of the destroyed national economy
- 1949 January 5–8 - Creation of CMEA
- August 29, 1949 - The first test of the atomic bomb in the USSR
- June 27, 1954 - Start-up of the world's first nuclear power plant in Obninsk
- 1955 14m; 1st - Establishment of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO)
- 1955 July 18–23 - Meeting of the heads of government of the USSR, Great Britain, the USA and France in Geneva
- 1956 February 14–25 - XX Congress of the CPSU
- June 30, 1956 - Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union "Overcoming the cult of personality and its consequences"
- October 4, 1957 - Launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite in the USSR
- April 12, 1961 - Flight of Yu.A. Gagarin on the Vostok spacecraft
- 1965 - Reform of the economic mechanism of economic management in the USSR
- 1968 August 21 - Intervention of the countries of the Warsaw Treaty Organization in Czechoslovakia
- 1971, March 30-April 9 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU
- May 26, 1972 - Signing in Moscow of the "Fundamentals of Relations between the USSR and the USA". The beginning of the policy of "détente"
- October 7, 1977 - Adoption of the Constitution of "developed socialism" of the USSR
- December 24, 1979 - The beginning of the intervention of Soviet troops in Afghanistan
- April 26, 1986 - Accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
- 1987 June-July - The beginning of the policy of "perestroika" in the USSR
- 1988 June 28-July 1 - XIX conference of the CPSU. The beginning of political reform in the USSR
- 1989 May 25-June 9. - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, elected on the basis of amendments to the Constitution of the USSR
- 1990 March 11 - Adoption of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
- 1990 March 12–15 - III Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR
- 1990 May 1st-June 12 - Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR. Declaration of State Sovereignty of Russia
- March 17, 1991 - Referendum on the preservation of the USSR and the introduction of the post of President of the RSFSR
- June 12, 1991 - Presidential elections in Russia
- 1991 July 1 - Dissolution in Prague of the Warsaw Treaty Organization (OVD)
- 1991 August 19–21 - Attempted coup d'état in the USSR (GKChP Case)
- 1991 December 8 - Signing in Minsk by the leaders of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus of the agreement on the "Commonwealth of Independent States" and the dissolution of the USSR
- March 1993 - VIII and IX Congresses of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation
- April 25, 1993 - All-Russian referendum on confidence in the policy of the President of Russia
- September 21, 1993 - Decree of B.N. Yeltsin "On a phased constitutional reform" and the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation
- 1993 October 3–4 – Demonstrations and armed uprisings by the pro-communist opposition in Moscow. Storming of the building of the Supreme Council by troops loyal to the President
- December 12, 1993 - Elections to the State Duma and the Federation Council. Referendum on the draft of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation
- January 11, 1994 - Beginning of the work of the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Russian Federation in Moscow
